scholarly journals Characteristics of migrants to Japan with TB and implications for pre-migration TB screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Uchimura ◽  
Y Hamaguchi ◽  
A Ohkado ◽  
T Yoshiyama
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Screening Algorithm ◽  
Bacteriological Test ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Assisted Reading

Abstract Background Japan plans to introduce pre-entry tuberculosis (TB) screening for those traveling from the Philippines, China, Vietnam, Nepal, Indonesia, and Myanmar, who are intending to stay in Japan for more than 90 days, in 2020. According to its screening algorithm, migrants will be screened by chest X-ray and those with abnormal findings will be asked to undergo sputum testing. We analyzed the characteristics of foreign-born TB patients coming from the above six countries, to identify some potential issues. Methods Data on foreign-born patients who had been newly notified with active pulmonary TB (PTB) in 2018 and 2017, and who had entered Japan in the same year they were notified, was extracted from the Japan TB Surveillance system. We assumed that these patients approximated to those hypothetical migrants who would be detected by pre-entry TB screening, and analyzed them by basic socio-demographic characteristics, radiological findings, and bacteriological test results. Results In 2017 and 2018, a total of 1,915 foreign-born PTB patients were notified from the above six countries. Of them, 19.9% (n = 381) had entered Japan in the same year they were notified. Among the 381, 23.9% (n = 50) had cavitary lesion, 27.3% (n = 57) were smear positive, and 48.9% (n = 73) were culture positive. 34.4% (n = 72) were both smear and culture negative, and the diagnosis would have depended on radiographical presentation. However, among the 72, the majority i.e. 87.5%, presented with non-cavitary pulmonary involvement. Conclusions Considering that approximately a third of TB patients who would may detected by the pre-entry screening are likely to be bacteriologically negative, Japan must ensure that the clinics conducting the pre-entry TB screening have access to high-quality radiography with expert interpretations, such as teleradiology and computer-assisted reading. Key messages A third of TB patients who would may detected by the pre-entry screening are likely to be bacteriologically negative. It is critical that clinics conducting screening have access to high-quality radiography with expert interpretations, such as teleradiology and computer-assisted reading.

scholarly journals Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: evaluation by radiography and spirometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Melo Kawassaki ◽  
Daniel Antunes Silva Pereira ◽  
Fernando Uliana Kay ◽  
Ieda Maria Magalhães Laurindo ◽  
Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

AbstractObjective: To determine whether simple diagnostic methods can yield relevant disease information in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: Patients with RA were randomly selected for inclusion in a cross-sectional study involving clinical evaluation of pulmonary function, including pulse oximetry (determination of SpO2, at rest), chest X-ray, and spirometry.Results: A total of 246 RA patients underwent complete assessments. Half of the patients in our sample reported a history of smoking. Spirometry was abnormal in 30% of the patients; the chest X-ray was abnormal in 45%; and the SpO2 was abnormal in 13%. Normal chest X-ray, spirometry, and SpO2 were observed simultaneously in only 41% of the RA patients. A history of smoking was associated with abnormal spirometry findings, including evidence of obstructive or restrictive lung disease, and with abnormal chest X-ray findings, as well as with an interstitial pattern on the chest X-ray. Comparing the patients in whom all test results were normal (n = 101) with those in whom abnormal test results were obtained (n = 145), we found a statistically significant difference between the two groups, in terms of age and smoking status. Notably, there were signs of airway disease in nearly half of the patients with minimal or no history of tobacco smoke exposure.Conclusions: Pulmonary involvement in RA can be identified through the use of a combination of diagnostic methods that are simple, safe, and inexpensive. Our results lead us to suggest that RA patients with signs of lung involvement should be screened for lung abnormalities, even if presenting with no respiratory symptoms.

Serial thin sectioning for pre- and post-embedding immunohistochemistry: Achieving consistent and reliable results for a 3-D reconstruction

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Antonia M. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Subcellular Level

In recent years many new techniques and instruments for 3-Dimensional visualization of electron microscopic images have become available. Higher accelerating voltage through thicker sections, photographed at a tilt for stereo viewing, or the use of confocal microscopy, help to analyze biological material without the necessity of serial sectioning. However, when determining the presence of neurotransmitter receptors or biochemical substances present within the nervous system, the need for good serial sectioning (Fig. 1+2) remains. The advent of computer assisted reconstruction and the possibility of feeding information from the specimen viewing chamber directly into a computer via a camera mounted on the electron microscope column, facilitates serial analysis. Detailed information observed at the subcellular level is more precise and extensive and the complexities of interactions within the nervous system can be further elucidated.We emphasize that serial ultra thin sectioning can be performed routinely and consistently in multiple user electron microscopy laboratories. Initial tissue fixation and embedding must be of high quality.

scholarly journals Ex vivo evaluation of a multilayered sealant patch for watertight dural closure: cranial and spinal models

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kinaci ◽  
S. van Thoor ◽  
S. Redegeld ◽  
M. Tooren ◽  
T. P. C. van Doormaal
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Dural Defect ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Dural Attachment ◽  
The Mean

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid leakage is a frequent complication after cranial and spinal surgery. To prevent this complication and seal the dura watertight, we developed Liqoseal, a dural sealant patch comprising a watertight polyesterurethane layer and an adhesive layer consisting of poly(DL-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer and multiarmed N-hydroxylsuccinimide functionalized polyethylene glycol. We compared acute burst pressure and resistance to physiological conditions for 72 h of Liqoseal, Adherus, Duraseal, Tachosil, and Tisseel using computer-assisted models and fresh porcine dura. The mean acute burst pressure of Liqoseal in the cranial model (145 ± 39 mmHg) was higher than that of Adherus (87 ± 47 mmHg), Duraseal (51 ± 42 mmHg) and Tachosil (71 ± 16 mmHg). Under physiological conditions, cranial model resistance test results showed that 2 of 3 Liqoseal sealants maintained dural attachment during 72 hours as opposed to 3 of 3 for Adherus and Duraseal and 0 of 3 for Tachosil. The mean burst pressure of Liqoseal in the spinal model (233 ± 81 mmHg) was higher than that of Tachosil (123 ± 63 mmHg) and Tisseel (23 ± 16 mmHg). Under physiological conditions, spinal model resistance test results showed that 2 of 3 Liqoseal sealants maintained dural attachment for 72 hours as opposed to 3 of 3 for Adherus and 0 of 3 for Duraseal and Tachosil. This novel study showed that Liqoseal is capable of achieving a strong watertight seal over a dural defect in ex vivo models.

scholarly journals Ensuring Seedling Quality through Fruit Tree Nursery Accreditation and Implications for Forest Nursery Accreditation

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Don Immanuel Edralin ◽  
Agustin Mercado
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tree Nursery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Planting Materials

he fruit tree nursery accreditation scheme implemented by the Philippine Department of Agriculture has been promoted to enhance the supply of high quality fruit tree planting materials and reduce the number of dubious seedling market players. This paper examines the advantages to participating nurseries in the fruit tree nursery accreditation scheme and draws implications for possible formulation of a scheme to accredit forest tree nurseries in the Philippines. Data were collected from interviews with accredited fruit tree nursery operators and the nursery accreditation officer-in-charge in Northern Mindanao province. A major advantage of nursery accreditation is that only accredited fruit tree nursery operators can participate in the bidding process of the government seedling procurement program, which always involves a substantial volume of seedlings. As a form of advertisement, accredited nurseries are posted on the government website thus creating a wide range of market opportunities which results in increased sales. Other advantages enjoyed by accredited fruit tree nurseries include receiving free training in improving seedling production and occasionally receiving high quality propagation materials (scions and seedlings), subsidies for pesticides and fertilizers and free soil tests. Observations of advantages gained by nursery operators adopting certification have encouraged other nursery operators to apply for accreditation. Accreditation by the Department of Agriculture places emphasis on maintaining high genetic quality as well as high physical quality of planting materials. Accrediting forestry nurseries is seen as a potential policy option that can expand the supply of high quality tree seedlings in the Philippines, as has been the experience with fruit tree nursery certification.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERAPAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI (IMD) DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS JUMPANDANG BARU KOTA MAKASSAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Nurjaya Nurjaya ◽  
Djuhadiah Saadong ◽  
Subriah Subriah
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang :  IMD sangat bermanfaat bukan hanya bagi bayi yang baru lahir tetapi juga bagi ibu yang melakukan IMD. Jika bayi berada dalam dekapan ibu, maka bayi tersebut dengan sendirinya merangkak ke payudara ibu dan akan mulai menghisap puting susu ibunya. Data menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia, persentase pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dalam 1 jam pertama setelah bayi dilahirkan masih rendah yaitu sebesar 38%. Angka tersebut masih jauh tertinggal bila dibandingkan dengan negara-negara berkembang lainnya seperti Oman (85%), Srilangka (75%), Filipina (54%), dan Turki (54%)(SDKI 2017). Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan inisiasi menyusu dini di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru Makassar tahun 2018..Jenis penelitian ini: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang melahirkan di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan Consecutive Sampling yaitu dengan perbandingan 1 : 2 yang dibutuhkan adalah 30 kasus dan 60 kontrol.. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan lembaran kuesioner. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan uji Regresi Berganda LogistikHasil penelitian : Ada pengaruh pengetahuan ( OR = 5,5), peran bidan/penolong persalinan (OR = 12,571), dukungan dari suami ( OR = 3,3) terhadap penerapan inisiasi menyusu dini dan Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel peran bidan/penolong persalinan merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap penerapan inisiasi menyusu dini dengan nilai Wald sebesar 13 dan signifikansi sebesar 0,010.Kesimpulan : Terdapat pengaruh pengetahuan, peran bidan/penolong persalinan , dukungan dari suami terhadap penerapan inisiasi menyusu dini, dan variable peran bidan/penolong persalinan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap penerapan inisiasi menyusu dini. Kata Kunci: Penerapan Inisiasi Menyusu DiniABSTRACT Background: IMD is very beneficial not only for newborns but also for mothers who do IMD. If the baby is in the mother's arms, the baby naturally crawls into the mother's breast and will start sucking her mother's nipples. Data shows that in Indonesia, the percentage of breastfeeding in the first 1 hour after the baby is born is still low at 38%. This figure is far behind when compared to other developing countries such as Oman (85%), Sri Lanka (75%), the Philippines (54%), and Turkey (54%) (IDHS 2017) . Therefore the purpose of the research This is to find out the factors that influence the application of early breastfeeding initiation in the working area of the Jumpandang Baru Makassar Health Center in 2018 ..Type of research: This study uses a case control study design. The population in this study were all mothers who gave birth in the Working Area of the Jumpandang Baru Health Center. Sampling was done by Consecutive Sampling, which is a ratio of 1: 2. It takes 30 cases and 60 controls. Data collection is done using a questionnaire sheet. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate using the Multiple Logistic Regression testResults: There was influence of knowledge (OR = 5,5), role of midwife / birth attendant (OR = 13), support from husband (OR = 3,3) on the application of early breastfeeding initiation and multivariate test results showed that the role of midwives / birth attendants was a factor the most influential on the application of early breastfeeding initiation with a Wald value of 12,956 and a significance of 0.010.Conclusion: There is an influence of knowledge, the role of midwives / birth attendants, support from husbands on the application of early breastfeeding initiation, and the role variables of midwives / birth attendants who most influence the application of early breastfeeding initiation. Keywords: Application of Early Breastfeeding Initiation 

scholarly journals Accuracy and Incremental Yield of the Chest X-Ray in Screening for Tuberculosis in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Joanitah Nalunjogi ◽  
Frank Mugabe ◽  
Irene Najjingo ◽  
Pastan Lusiba ◽  
Francis Olweny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Needed To Screen ◽  
Screening Algorithm ◽  
Chest X Ray

The WHO END TB strategy requires ≥90% case detection to combat tuberculosis (TB). Increased TB case detection requires a more sensitive and specific screening tool. Currently, the symptoms recommended for screening TB have been found to be suboptimal since up to 44% of individuals with TB are asymptomatic. The chest X-ray (CXR) as a screening tool for pulmonary TB was evaluated in this study, as well as its incremental yield in TB diagnosis using a cross-sectional study involving secondary analysis of data of 4512 consented/assented participants ≥15 years who participated in the Uganda National TB prevalence survey between 2014 and 2015. Participants with a cough ≥2 weeks, fever, weight loss, and night sweats screened positive for TB using the symptoms screening method, while participants with a TB defining abnormality on CXR screened positive for TB by the CXR screening method. The Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture was used as a gold standard for TB diagnosis. The CXR had 93% sensitivity and 65% specificity compared to LJ culture results, while symptoms had 76% sensitivity and 31% specificity. The screening algorithm involving the CXR in addition to symptoms led to a 38% increment in the yield of diagnosed tuberculosis. The number needed to screen using the CXR and symptoms screening algorithm was 32 compared to 45 when the symptoms are used alone. Therefore, the CXR in combination with symptoms is a good TB screening tool and increases the yield of diagnosed TB.

scholarly journals One hundred years after the expedition by Harvard University to Peru to investigate Carrion’s disease. Lessons for science

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Salinas-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Human Experimentation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

In 1913, around 100 years ago, the Harvard University sent an expedition to Peru, led by Richard Strong, to investigate Carrion’s disease. This paper provides a critical review of the scientific research carried out in this expedition.Richard Strong was a physician who performed unethical human experimentation in the Philippines and China. In Peru, Strong conducted experiments on humans to inoculate wart secretions to a psychiatric patient, which led him to replicate the Peruvian wart in this individual, although he could not replicate Oroya fever. Based on this experiment, and without taking into account epidemiological and clinical evidence, the Harvard expedition erroneously concluded that Oroya fever and Peruvian wart were two different diseases.A retrospective review of the scientific work conducted by the expedition in Peru allows drawing the following lessons for science: a) disapproving unethical human experimentation conducted by the expedition; b) to determine the cause of infectious diseases, it is necessary to obtain the best scientific, experimental and observational evidence, and c) to acknowledge that, despite the poor infrastructure, researchers in developing countries are able to produce high-quality scientific knowledge that may surpass the knowledge generated by researchers in developed countries.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CALCIUM SULFOALUMINATE ADDITIVE ON LINEAR DEFORMATION AT DIFFERENT HUMIDITY AND STRENGTH OF CEMENT MORTARS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadhim Abdulwahid Al-Musawi ◽  
Kottayil Bindhu Abraham ◽  
Tatsiana Potses ◽  
Sergey Leonovich ◽  
Natallia Kalinouskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Linear Deformation ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Environmental Humidity ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Very High

The effect of calcium sulfoaluminate additives (CSA) on the compression and bending strength of mortar, as well as linear deformation of prism samples at different environmental humidity was studied. Test results indicate that bending strength of mortars with CSA and the referent at the age of 28 days are practically equal. Compressive strength of mortars with CSA reduced by 20 ... 23% for all dosages of CSA. Relative linear deformations depend on the humidity of the environment. At a humidity of 100%, the relative linear deformations are positive and the expansion increases with increasing dosage of the expanding additive. When hardening in dry air at a humidity of 55%, the greatest shrinkage deformations were for mortars with CSA. We can conclude that the expanding effect of CSA is fully manifested at high humidity, i.e. under construction conditions, this means very high-quality moisture care for concrete structures.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted Reading: Getting Help from Text Classification and Maximal Association Rules

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismaïl Biskri ◽  
Abdelghani Achouri ◽  
Louis Rompré ◽  
Steve Descoteaux ◽  
Boucif Amar Bensaber
Keyword(s):  
Association Rules ◽  
Text Classification ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Assisted Reading
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