scholarly journals Social inequalities in obesity and overweight: secular changes in Poland between 1983 and 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Żegleń ◽  
Łukasz Kryst ◽  
Małgorzata Kowal ◽  
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One

Abstract Background Human development is strongly influenced by environmental factors, including the socioeconomic status (SES) of the family. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of excess body weight among Polish children and adolescents from families of varying SES examined in 1983 and 2020. Methods The study group included 3–15-year olds from two cross-sectional surveys (1983 and 2020) conducted in kindergartens and schools. The 1983 cohort consisted of 3394 individuals and the one from 2020—of 1253 children and adolescents. Body height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated. Inclusion into underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese categories was based on Cole’s cutoff points. SES was established based on the place of the parents’ birth, parents’, education status and the number of children in the family, which were self-reported in a questionary by the parents of the examined individuals. Results The mean overall SES was higher in the 2020 cohort, in comparison to the one examined in 1983. This change was also reflected by the changing prevalence of excess body weight, which, in 1983 was the greatest in the high socioeconomic category. On the other hand, in 2020 overweight/obesity was the most prevalent among individuals from families of low SES. Conclusions The present results confirm the findings obtained in other countries, which suggest that changing the level of socioeconomic development modifies the changes regarding the prevalence of excess body weight. It is an important observation because a study of this type has not yet been conducted in the Polish population.

scholarly journals Assessment of the influence of overweight and obesity on the development of prehypertension and hypertension in children aged 6-15

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Marijana Jandrić-Kočić
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Introduction/Aim: 41 million children under the age of 5 and 340 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 are overweight or obese. Obesity in children and adolescents is the most important predictor of high blood pressure. The aim of the study was to examine the incidence of overweight and obesity in primary school children aged 6 to 15 years, as well as to examine the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension in children who were overweight and obese. Method: The study included 85 of 86 children from the Primary School "Krupa na Uni". Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire, while body weight and blood pressure were measured. The chi-square test and t-test were used for the statistical analysis of data Results: The cross-sectional study included 85 children, 45 (52.9%) boys and 40 (47.1%) girls with an average age of 10.87 ± 2.70 years. Normal weight was found in 54 (63.5%) subjects, underweight in 12 (14.1%), overweight in 5 (5.9%), and obesity in 14 (16.5%). 76 (89.4%) subjects had normal blood pressure values, 5 (5.9%) prehypertensive state, and 4 (4.7%) arterial hypertension. There was no significant difference between younger and older children regarding their nutritional status (p=0.477) and blood pressure levels (p=0.453). Children who were overweight and obese had prehypertension and hypertension significantly more often (p˂0.001). Conclusion: Every fifth child was overweight or obese, while prehypertension or hypertension were found in every tenth child. The timely change of diet and physical activity could contribute to the regulation of body weight and the regulation of blood pressure, as well.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of body weight and body image perception in children and adolescents from the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 988-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura I González-Zapata ◽  
Sandra L Restrepo-Mesa ◽  
Juan C Aristizabal ◽  
Estela Skapino ◽  
Tatiana S Collese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
South American ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
South American Population ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability and validity of body weight (BW) and body image (BI) perception reported by parents (in children) and by adolescents in a South American population.DesignCross-sectional study. BW perception was evaluated by the question, ‘Do you think you/your child are/is: severely wasted, wasted, normal weight, overweight, obese?’ BI perception was evaluated using the Gardner scale. To evaluate reliability, BW and BI perceptions were reported twice, two weeks apart. To evaluate validity, the BW and BI perceptions were compared with WHO BMI Z-scores. Kappa and Kendall’s tau-c coefficients were obtained.SettingPublic and private schools and high schools from six countries of South America (Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil).ParticipantsChildren aged 3–10 years (n 635) and adolescents aged 11–17 years (n 400).ResultsReliability of BW perception was fair in children’s parents (κ=0·337) and substantial in adolescents (κ=0·709). Validity of BW perception was slight in children’s parents (κ=0·176) and fair in adolescents (κ=0·268). When evaluating BI, most children were perceived by parents as having lower weight. Reliability of BI perception was slight in children’s parents (κ=0·124) and moderate in adolescents (κ=0·599). Validity of BI perception was poor in children’s parents (κ=−0·018) and slight in adolescents (κ=0·023).ConclusionsReliability of BW and BI perceptions was higher in adolescents than in children’s parents. Validity of BW perception was good among the parents of the children and adolescents with underweight and normal weight.

Changes in the prevalence of overweight/obesity and adiposity among pre-school children in Kraków, Poland, from 2008 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Żegleń ◽  
Łukasz Kryst ◽  
Małgorzata Kowal ◽  
Agnieszka Woronkowicz ◽  
Jan Sobiecki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
School Children ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Chi Squared

AbstractSocioeconomic changes occurring over time influence the lifestyle choices of a population, and these can significantly affect children’s body weight and composition. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in prevalence of overweight, obesity and adiposity in pre-school children in Poland between 2008 and 2018. Body height, body weight and subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 2167 children aged 3–7 years from Kraków. Body mass index and adiposity (percentage body fat, %BF) were calculated for the children, who were then categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese according to Cole’s cut-off points. Adiposity was categorized according to the z-scores for %BF as low (<−1), normal (−1 to 1) or high (>1). Differences between cohorts were analysed using the chi-squared test. Only the decrease in the prevalence of obesity in 5-year-old girls was found to be statistically significant. However, some overall tendencies were noted. Decreases in the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were observed for both sexes, as well as in the incidence of high adiposity in boys and low adiposity in girls. Increases in the prevalence of high adiposity in girls and low adiposity in boys were also noted. There was no significant change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among pre-school children over the study decade, and the visible tendencies included decreases in the prevalence of excess body weight and adiposity as well as underweight and low body fat. Also, the visible trends in adiposity were mostly negative. Further studies should, however, also consider the levels of physical fitness and activity of children, as these have a crucial influence on the measured characteristics.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Broselow Tape Weight Estimate among Pediatric Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turki M. AlHarbi ◽  
Abdullaziz AlGarni ◽  
Fasial AlGamdi ◽  
Mona Jawish ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Medical City

Objective.To determine the accuracy of the Broselow Tape (BT) versions 2007 and 2011 in estimating weight among pediatric population.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City and six schools across Riyadh province on 1–143-month-old children. BT 2007 and 2011 estimated weights were recorded. Both tapes via the child’s height produce an estimated weight, which was compared with the actual weight.Results.A total of 3537 children were recruited. The height (cm) of the subjects was97.7±24.1and the actual weight (kg) was16.07±8.9, whereas the estimated weight determined by BT 2007 was15.87±7.56and by BT 2011 was16.38±7.95. Across all the five age groups, correlation between actual weight and BT 2007 ranged between 0.702 and 0.788, while correlation between actual weight and BT 2011 ranged between 0.698 and 0.788. Correlation between BT 2007 and BT 2011 across all the five age groups ranged from 0.979 to 0.989. Accuracy of both the tape versions was adversely affected when age was >95 months and body weight was >26 kilograms.Conclusions.Our study showed that BT 2007 and 2011 provided accurate estimation of the body weight based on measured body height. However, 2011 version provided more precise estimate for weight.

scholarly journals Media use and excess body weight among women in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e020802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Ghose ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo investigate the (1) time trends in body mass index (BMI) and (2) relationship between media use and body weight status among adult women in Nigeria. We hypothesise that higher frequency of media use is associated with higher likelihood of being overweight and obesity among adult women.Study designCross-sectional.SettingUrban and rural settings in Nigeria.ParticipantsAdult non-pregnant women aged between 15 and 49 years.MethodsData were derived from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2013. The outcome variable was excess body weight (overweight and obesity), and main explanatory variables were frequency of reading newspaper, listening to radio and television (TV) viewing. Datasets were merged to perform pooled analysis, and were analysed using bivariate and multivariable regression techniques.ResultsOf the 69 401 participants, 16.2% had a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2(95% CI 15.8 to 16.6) and 6.6% had >30 kg/m2(95% CI 6.3 to 6.9). Between 2003 and 2013, the prevalence of overweight women increased by 4.1%, and that of obesity by 2.2%. Overall, radio was the most popular media followed by TV and newspaper. Respectively, 15.6% and 11.7% of the women reported using radio and TV almost every day and 30.6% and 25.1% at least once a week. In multivariable analysis, watching TV almost every day and at least once a week were associated with, respectively, 1.6 and 1.2 times higher odds of being overweight, and 2.7 and 1.5 times higher odds of being obese compared with those who never used radio. Similarly, significant associations were observed for newspaper and radio use as well.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is noticeably high among Nigerian women and has been increasing steadily over the past decade. A statistically significant association exists between BMI and the use of newspaper, radio and TV. Further studies are required to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this relationship.

scholarly journals Clustering of Excess Body Weight-Related Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica de Souza Dantas ◽  
Michel dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Lopes ◽  
Dartagnan Guedes ◽  
Macksuelle Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Reference Cluster

The aim of the study was to identify the existence of clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviors, including consumption of fruits/vegetables, sugary products/soft drinks, physical activity and sedentary behavior. The association between identified clusters and excess body weight in a sample of adolescents from Dourados, Brazil, was examined. This is a cross-sectional school-based study involving 578 participants aged 12–18 of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements were performed and a questionnaire was applied with structured questions to collect data. Excess body weight was identified through body mass index. Cluster analysis was performed to identify sex-specific clusters of multiple lifestyle behaviors. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to analyze associations between clusters and excess body weight. Six clusters were identified in both sexes. Girls and boys in the cluster characterized by greater time spent in sedentary behavior were 53% (OR = 1.53 [1.06–2.26]) and 63% (OR = 1.63 [1.12–2.35]) more likely to present excess body weight compared to their peers in the reference cluster. In the case of adolescents in the cluster characterized by high consumption of sugary products/soft drinks, girls were 47% more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.47 [1.05–2.13]) and boys were 51% more likely (OR = 1.51 [1.05–2.16]). High consumption of fruits/vegetables, low consumption of sugary products/soft drinks and less sedentary behavior was considered the most effective combination for the maintenance of a healthy weight.

scholarly journals Excessive body weight and its relationship to body image in teenagers aged 16–18 years old in South Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dania Mirza Ramadhanty ◽  
Bernie Endyarni Medise
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objective. Overweight is one of the health problems that often occur in children and adolescents throughout the world, both in developed and developing countries. Study results in USA showed yearly increase of overweight prevalence in children aged 2–19 years old. In addition, based on the results by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010 in United States, the highest percentage of overweight and obesity by age group was found at 12–19 years old (33.6%). Basic Health Research/Riskesdas’s data in 2013 showed the prevalence of overweight in adolescents aged 16–18 years old in Indonesia reached the highest value of 11.5%. Moreover, most teenagers see their body images as a match between self’s and others’ ideal perception. Teenagers with positive body image tend to be more confident and also easier to get along with other people, especially their peers. In this study, researcher aimed to investigate the relationship between teenagers who have excess body weight with body image, whether it had positive or negative impact.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data collection was done from December 2017 to January 2018. Data collected were anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the King College London Body Image Questionnaire's filled by participants. From 400 subjects who filled the questionnaires, a total of 350 participants matched the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chi square test was done as data analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis for excess body weight status in relation to body image scores showed no relationship (p=1,000).Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between excessive body weight and body image. 

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Body Weight Perception among a Population of Female Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Siham Lghoul ◽  
Mohamed Loukid ◽  
Mohamed Kamal Hilali
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Weight Perception ◽  
Physical Changes

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is associated with many physical changes, it is described as a period when body weight changes and is likely to become worrying for many adolescents. AIM: This study aims to evaluate associations between body weight perception and body mass index (BMI) among a population of female adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted from February to May 2017 among 12–19 years olds adolescents (n = 415) from high and middle school. BMI for age percentiles was calculated using the WHO AnthroPlus. Body weight perception was determined using an anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of misconception of body weight was 60%. The prevalence of misconception was positively associated with the participants age (p < 0.001), the occurrence of menarche (p < 0.05), the increasing of BMI (p < 0.001), and with habits diet satisfaction (p < 0.05). Overweighed participants and who’s with normal weight were more likely to perceive their weight incorrectly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, approximately 2.9% of participants underestimated their true body weight and 57.1% overestimated their weight. However, all participants with underweight had correctly perceived their body weight. Logistic regression showed that predictor factors of misconception weight were participant’s age and BMI. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to improve healthy programs in schools aimed at preventing body weight perception and eating problems among adolescents.

scholarly journals Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Mumm ◽  
Anna Reimann ◽  
Christiane Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Robusticity

Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

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