The health impact of heat waves in Europe: insights from national plans and key informant interviews
Abstract In Europe, heat waves and extreme heat are known to cause an increase in morbidity and mortality. Moreover, climate change is expected to increase the number and intensity of heat waves, particularly in urban areas. In order to limit the negative health impact of heat waves, many European countries have developed heat health plans. The SCORCH project has reviewed the national heat plans of 20 European countries. In addition, face-to-face interviews were conducted in 9 countries, involving key stakeholders who partake in the development, implementation and/or diffusion of the plans. Combined, the national plans and interviews provide insights in the different types of warning systems, the scales of implementation, the stakeholders involved and their responsibilities and the vulnerable populations that are targeted. Moreover, we are able to evaluate the processes outlined in the national plans, and identify certain strengths and weaknesses. These results will support the development of heat wave plans for countries that currently do not have such plans yet.