Protein and carbohydrate intakes alter gut microbial community structure in crickets: a Geometric Framework approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Hwee Ng ◽  
Michael Stat ◽  
Michael Bunce ◽  
Stephen J Simpson ◽  
Leigh W Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Geometric Framework ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Growth Constraint

ABSTRACTProteins and carbohydrates have profound impacts on the ecology of gut microbiota, but disentangling the single and interactive effects of different dietary constituents is challenging. Here, we used a multidimensional approach, the Geometric Framework, to study the interactions between nutrition and bacterial abundances with respect to protein and carbohydrate intakes in field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. Our study revealed that species richness decreased as crickets consumed more macronutrients, and species evenness peaked at high intake of protein-rich diets. Sex and protein:carbohydrate (P:C) ratios in diets were the primary factors influencing the gut bacterial community, but most of the microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were significantly different between males and females were present in low abundance. In contrast, protein intake had a greater influence than carbohydrate consumption on the relative abundances of the core bacterial taxa, as an increase in dietary protein availability could remove the growth constraint imposed by limited nitrogen. Taken together, the use of the Geometric Framework provides a deeper insight into how nutritional intakes influence the relative abundances of gut microbes, and could be a useful tool to integrate the study of gut microbiome and fitness traits in a host.

Maternal Dietary Fatty Acid Composition and Newborn Epigenetic Aging—A Geometric Framework Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Koemel ◽  
Alistair M Senior ◽  
Hasthi U Dissanayake ◽  
Jason Ross ◽  
Rowena L McMullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Geometric Framework ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Epigenetic Aging ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Epigenetic Age Acceleration ◽  
Aortic Intima

Abstract Background Maternal nutrition is associated with epigenetic and cardiometabolic risk factors in offspring. Research in humans has primarily focused on assessing the impact of individual nutrients. Objective We sought to assess the collective impact of maternal dietary monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), and saturated fat (SFA) on epigenetic aging and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy newborn infants using a geometric framework approach. Design Body fatness (n = 162), aortic intima-media thickness (n = 131), heart rate variability (n = 118), and epigenetic age acceleration (n = 124) were assessed in newborn infants. Maternal dietary intake was cross-sectionally assessed in the immediate postpartum period via a validated 80-item self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Generalized additive models were used to explore interactive associations of nutrient intake, with results visualized as response surfaces. Results After adjustment for total energy intake, maternal age, gestational age, and sex there was a 3-way interactive association of MUFA, PUFA, and SFA (P = 0.001) with newborn epigenetic aging. This suggests that the nature of each fat class association depends upon one another. Response surfaces revealed MUFA was positively associated with newborn epigenetic age acceleration only at proportionately lower intakes of SFA or PUFA. We also demonstrate a potential beneficial association of omega-3 PUFA with newborn epigenetic age acceleration (P = 0.008). There was no significant association of fat class with newborn aortic intima-media thickness, heart rate variability, or body fatness. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate an association between maternal dietary fat class composition and epigenetic aging in newborns. Future research should consider other characteristics such as the source of maternal dietary fatty acids.

scholarly journals Comparison of gut microbiome from Sulawesi carrion and burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) through metagenomic analysis of 16S rRNA gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Ruby Setiawan ◽  
I Nyoman Sumerta ◽  
Syahfitri Anita ◽  
Raden Pramesa Narakusumo ◽  
Anang Setiawan Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Number ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Structure ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Nutrient Processing ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

Carrion beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae) is one of the scavengers which obtain nutrition from carcass decomposition which supported by the microbial symbionts through the mutual symbiosis. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut microbial community from the species of Nicrophorinae (Nicrophorus distinctus Grouvelle, 1885) and Silphinae (Necrophila renatae Portevin, 1920) from Dako Mountain, Central Sulawesi using 16S metagenomic approach. A total of 661 bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at the species level were obtained from the guts of Ni. distinctus and Ne. renatae. Those numbers were predominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteriodetes in both species. Interestingly, a high number of Lactobacillales was observed in Ni. distinctus and lower number in Clostridiales and Cardiobacteriales compared to Ne. renatae, which showed higher abundance of those classes. Both of these insect species have nearly the same microbial diversity values, even though there some lower taxa levels were found different abundance. These results suggest that the patterns of the gut microbial structure depicted their roles in certain behavior and habitat on decomposing carcasses and could be correlated to the specific level of taxa roles in nutrient processing.

scholarly journals Korean Traditional Medicine (Jakyakgamcho-tang) Ameliorates Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Ho Seo ◽  
Tatsuya Unno ◽  
Seong-Eun Park ◽  
Eun-Ju Kim ◽  
Yu-Mi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Korean Traditional Medicine ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

The objective of this study was to examine the anti-colitis activity of Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and explore changes of the gut microbial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metabolomics approaches. It was found that treatment with JGT or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) alleviated the severity of colitis symptoms by suppressing inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ. The non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of gut microbiome revealed that JGT groups were clearly separated from the DSS group, suggesting that JGT administration altered gut microbiota. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were decreased by DSS but increased by JGT include Akkermansia and Allobaculum. On the other hand, OTUs that were increased by DSS but decreased by 5-ASA or JGT treatments include Bacteroidales S24-7, Ruminococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae, and the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, and Coprobacillus. After JGT administration, the metabolites, including most amino acids and lactic acid that were altered by colitis induction, became similar to those of the control group. This study demonstrates that JGT might have potential to effectively treat colitis by restoring dysbiosis of gut microbiota and host metabolites.

scholarly journals Bacterial Composition, Community Structure, and Diversity in Apis nigrocincta Gut

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Apolinaris Lombogia ◽  
Max Tulung ◽  
Jimmy Posangi ◽  
Trina Ekawati Tallei
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Adult Worker ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Apis Nigrocincta

Understanding the honeybee gut bacteria is an essential aspect as honeybees are the primary pollinators of many crops. In this study, the honeybee-associated gut bacteria were investigated by targeting the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA genes using the Illumina MiSeq. The adult worker was captured in an urban area in a dense settlement. In total, 83,018 reads were obtained, revealing six phyla from 749 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The gut was dominated by Proteobacteria (58% of the total reads, including Enterobacteriaceae 28.2%, Erwinia 6.43%, and Klebsiella 4.90%), Firmicutes (29% of the total reads, including Lactococcus garvieae 13.45%, Lactobacillus spp. 8.19%, and Enterococcus spp. 4.47%), and Actinobacteria (8% of the total reads, including Bifidobacterium spp. 7.96%). Many of these bacteria belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which was claimed to be composed of beneficial bacteria involved in maintaining a healthy host. The honeybee was identified as Apis nigrocincta based on an identity BLAST search of its COI region. This study is the first report on the gut microbial community structure and composition of A. nigrocincta from Indonesia.

scholarly journals Hibernation Leads to Altered Gut Communities in Bumblebee Queens (Bombus terrestris)

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien Bosmans ◽  
María Pozo ◽  
Christel Verreth ◽  
Sam Crauwels ◽  
Felix Wäckers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Similarity Threshold ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Corbiculate Bees ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Host Metabolism

Many reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and insects practice some form of hibernation during which their metabolic rate is drastically reduced. This allows them to conserve energy and survive the harsh winter conditions with little or no food. While it can be expected that a reduction in host metabolism has a substantial influence on the gut microbial community, little is known about the effects of hibernation on the composition of the microbial gut community, especially for insects. In this study, we assessed and compared the bacterial gut community composition within the midgut and ileum of indoor-reared queens of Bombus terrestris before and after an artificial hibernation period of 16 weeks. Deep sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons and clustering of sequence reads into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a similarity threshold of 97% revealed several bacterial taxa that are known to be strongly associated with corbiculate bees. Bacterial community composition after hibernation compared to before hibernation was characterized by higher OTU richness and evenness, with decreased levels of the core bacteria Gilliamella (Proteobacteria, Orbaceae) and Snodgrassella (Proteobacteria, Neisseriaceae), and increased relative abundance of non-core bacteria, including several psychrophilic and psychrotrophic taxa.

scholarly journals When it's hot and dry: life-history strategy influences the effects of heat waves and water limitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugjit S. Padda ◽  
Jordan R. Glass ◽  
Zachary R. Stahlschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Water Limitation

ABSTRACT The frequency, duration and co-occurrence of several environmental stressors, such as heat waves and droughts, are increasing globally. Such multiple stressors may have compounding or interactive effects on animals, resulting in either additive or non-additive costs, but animals may mitigate these costs through various strategies of resource conservation or shifts in resource allocation. Through a factorial experiment, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of a simulated heat wave and water limitation on life-history, physiological and behavioral traits. We used the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, which exhibits a wing dimorphism that mediates two distinct life-history strategies during early adulthood. Long-winged individuals invest in flight musculature and are typically flight capable, whereas short-winged individuals lack flight musculature and capacity. A comprehensive and integrative approach with G. lineaticeps allowed us to examine whether life-history strategy influenced the costs of multiple stressors as well as the resulting cost-limiting strategies. Concurrent heat wave and water limitation resulted in largely non-additive and single-stressor costs to important traits (e.g. survival and water balance), extensive shifts in resource allocation priorities (e.g. reduced prioritization of body mass) and a limited capacity to conserve resources (e.g. heat wave reduced energy use only when water was available). Life-history strategy influenced the emergency life-history stage because wing morphology and stressor(s) interacted to influence body mass, boldness behavior and immunocompetence. Our results demonstrate that water availability and life-history strategy should be incorporated into future studies integrating important conceptual frameworks of stress across a suite of traits – from survival and life history to behavior and physiology.

The role of sex and temperature in melanin-based immune function

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-832
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Ehrlich ◽  
Marlene Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wing Structures

Sex differences in immunity have been observed across a wide range of species. Still, it remains unclear how sex-specific interactions with the environment are linked to sex differences in immunity. We studied the plasticity of immunological sex differences by focusing on melanin-based traits in the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou, 1841)). Insects rely on the pigment melanin for both immune function and coloration of the cuticle; therefore, changes in melanin production for one of these traits may indirectly affect the other. Male crickets use melanized wing structures to chirp. These cuticular structures are missing in females and a songless male morph. Given that the thermal environment influences cuticle melanization, we investigated the interactive effects of sex and developmental temperature on melanin-based immunity. Both immunity and wing cuticle melanism were reduced in individuals that developed under warmer temperatures. Rearing temperature also mediated the extent to which the sexes differed in immune traits. Males had darker cuticles, whereas females expressed greater immune activity, suggesting that sex-specific investment in melanin corresponds with sex differences in immunity. However, the lack of immunological differences between the two male morphs does not support the hypothesis that investment in cuticle melanism affects investment in immunity.

Microbial community structure and function prediction of two typical biocrusts in the Mu Us Sandland, Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Tian ◽  
Jiao Xi ◽  
Mengchen Ju ◽  
Yahong Li ◽  
Qi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Moss Crust

<p>Biocrusts (Biological soil crusts) are a living ground cover widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide and provide important ecological functions in ecosystems. As an important part of biocrusts, the microorganisms in the formation and succession of biocrusts should not be underestimated. However, the microbial processes among different types of biocrusts are poorly understood. We used high-throughput sequencing to identify soil bacteria and fungal community in two types of biocrusts, lichen crust and moss crust, in the Mu Us Sandland. The aims were to explore the composition, diversity, and ecological function of the microbial community in two types of biocrusts. Our study found that (1) The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities was significantly different between the two types of biocrusts. The Shannon index (6.18) of fungi in moss crust was higher than that (5.75) in lichen crust, and the operational taxonomic units of bacteria and fungi in moss crust were also higher than those in lichen crust by 3.22% and 30.61%, respectively. The bacteria and fungi community structure in two types of biocrusts were significantly different, while the differences were not significant. (2) In the microbiomes of lichen and moss biocrusts, Actinomycetes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria, the sum of which accounted for 68.01% in lichen crust and 59.88% in moss crust at operational taxonomic units level, were dominant phylum of bacteria, while the dominant phylum of fungi was mainly Ascomycota. Microcoleus (11.10%) and Exophiala (7.37%) were dominant genera in lichen crust, while the dominant genus in moss crust was RB41 (5.16%). (3) The pH, soil dissolved organic carbon, and soil organic carbon were the top three factors that correlated with both bacterial and fungal community structures. (4) The metabolic function of the bacterial community in two types of biocrusts was quite different. The relative abundances of metabolic pathways in moss crust, such as chemoheterotrophy, ureolysis, aromatic compound degradation, and nitrate reduction, were significantly higher than those in lichen crust, however, the relative abundances of cyanobacteria, oxygenic photoautotrophy, photoautotrophy, and phototrophy were significantly lower (ANOVA, P<0.05). Altogether, our study suggests that the biocrust types have significant effects on the pH, taxonomic, and metabolic diversity, providing a theoretical basis for improving the physicochemical properties of the surface soil in the desertification land ecosystem.</p>

scholarly journals Towards a synthesis of frameworks in nutritional ecology: interacting effects of protein, carbohydrate and phosphorus on field cricket fitness

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1792) ◽  
pp. 20140539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Harrison ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
Jean-Guy J. Godin ◽  
Susan M. Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Nutritional Geometry ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Phosphorus Intake

Phosphorus has been identified as an important determinant of nutrition-related biological variation. The macronutrients protein (P) and carbohydrates (C), both alone and interactively, are known to affect animal performance. No study, however, has investigated the importance of phosphorus relative to dietary protein or carbohydrates, or the interactive effects of phosphorus with these macronutrients, on fitness-related traits in animals. We used a nutritional geometry framework to address this question in adult field crickets ( Gryllus veletis ). Our results showed that lifespan, weight gain, acoustic mate signalling and egg production were maximized on diets with different P : C ratios, that phosphorus did not positively affect any of these fitness traits, and that males and females had different optimal macronutrient intake ratios for reproductive performance. When given a choice, crickets selected diets that maximized both lifespan and reproductive performance by preferentially eating diets with low P : C ratios, and females selected diets with a higher P : C ratio than males. Conversely, phosphorus intake was not regulated. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of disentangling the influences of different nutrients, and of quantifying both their individual and interactive effects, on animal fitness traits, so as to gain a more integrative understanding of their nutritional ecology.

Cardio-metabolic consequences of dietary carbohydrates: reconciling contradictions using nutritional geometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibran A Wali ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
Alistair M Senior ◽  
David G Le Couteur ◽  
Stephen J Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Geometric Framework ◽  
Compensatory Feeding ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Characteristics Analysis

Abstract Carbohydrates are the major source of dietary energy, but their role in health and disease remains controversial. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that the increased consumption of carbohydrates is associated with obesity and increased risk of mortality and dietary trials show that carbohydrate restriction leads to weight loss and improved glycaemic status in obese and diabetic subjects. In contrast, the diets of populations with long and healthy lifespans (e.g. traditional Okinawans from Japan) are high in carbohydrate and low in protein, and several clinical and preclinical studies have linked low-carbohydrate–high-protein diets with increased mortality risk. In this paper we attempt to reconcile these contradictory findings by moving beyond traditional single-nutrient analyses to consider the interactions between nutrients on health outcomes. We do so using the Geometric Framework (GF), a nutritional modelling platform that explicitly considers the main and interactive effects of multiple nutrients on phenotypic characteristics. Analysis of human data by GF shows that weight loss and improved cardio-metabolic outcomes under carbohydrate restriction derive at least in part from reduced caloric intake due to the concomitantly increased proportion of protein in the diet. This is because, as in many animals, a specific appetite for protein is a major driver of food intake in humans. Conversely, dilution of protein in the diet leverages excess food intake through compensatory feeding for protein (‘protein leverage’). When protein is diluted in the diet by readily digestible carbohydrates and fats, as is the case in modern ultra-processed foods, protein leverage results in excess calorie intake, leading to rising levels of obesity and metabolic disease. However, when protein is diluted in the diet by increased quantities of less readily digestible forms of carbohydrate and fibre, energy balance is maintained and health benefits accrue, especially during middle age and early late-life. We argue that other controversies in carbohydrate research can be resolved using the GF methodology in dietary studies.

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