scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in Women’s Life Event Exposure Across Midlife

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Koffer ◽  
R C Thurston ◽  
J T Bromberger ◽  
K A Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objective Stressful life events are associated with poorer physical, cognitive, and mental health. Examining life events trends across midlife illustrates normative experiences of stress in a critical life period for intervention and disease prevention. Further, there is a critical need for research with racially/ethnically diverse samples to identify differences in life event exposure, as they may relate to later health disparities. Method Annual life event reports were analyzed from 3,066 White, Black, Hispanic, Chinese, and Japanese women in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Across ages 43–65, longitudinal trajectories were fit to annual number of life events and 9 subcategories of life events (i.e., work problems, economic problems, partner unemployment, illness/accident of loved one, caregiving, bereavement, relationship problems, family legal/police problems, and violent events that happened to the self or family). Racial/ethnic differences were examined, controlling for education. Results Number of annual life events declined with age and plateaued in later midlife. This pattern was largely consistent across types of life events, though family health and bereavement-related life events increased in later midlife. Compared to White women, Black women experienced more life events, while Chinese, Hispanic, and Japanese women experienced fewer life events. Racial/ethnic differences were amplified in specific subtypes of life events. Discussion Racial/ethnic differences in exposure to life events across midlife may contribute to racial/ethnic health disparities in later life.

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF RACE-ETHNICITY ON RESPONSE TO WEIGHT-LOSS TREATMENT: RESULTS FROM THE POWR-UP STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S494-S494
Author(s):  
Marshall G Miller ◽  
Cassandra M Germain ◽  
Kathryn N Porter Starr ◽  
Martha E Payne ◽  
Richard Sloane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
General Health ◽  
White Women ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Weight Loss Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Racial/ethnic differences in obesity prevalence and in responses to weight-loss treatment between Black and White women are well documented. Whether these differences influence responses to weight-loss treatment among older women is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated racial/ethnic differences among participants in a 6-month weight-loss study with traditional versus higher protein intake. Participants were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) community-dwelling women, age 45 years or older, who self-identified as either Black or White. Change in body-weight, 6 minute walk test (6MWT), general health (SF-36), and satisfaction with life (SWL) were evaluated at 0, 4 and 6 months. Both racial groups reduced (ps < 0.01) body weight at 4 and 6 months, with a trend toward more weight loss among White women (p = 0.07), relative to Black women. Other racial/ethnic differences included greater improvements in general health (p = 0.05) and 6MWT (p < 0.05) for White versus Black women at 6 months; these differences persisted after adjusting for treatment group, age/education, and comorbidity. Although racial/ethnic differences in SWL were not observed, significant improvement was observed only among White women (p < 0.01). Interestingly, weight loss was associated with improved 6MWT only among Black women (r = -0.66, p < 0.05) and with general health only among White women (r = -0.44, p < 0.05). Overall, White women experienced greater improvements in health and physical function as a result of weight-loss than did Black women. Further research is needed to identify equitable intervention strategies for the treatment of sarcopenic obesity.

Racial Disparities in Pregnancy-associated Intimate Partner Homicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199083
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Kivisto ◽  
Samantha Mills ◽  
Lisa S. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Intimate Partner Homicide ◽  
Homicide Victimization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Pregnancy-associated femicide accounts for a mortality burden at least as high as any of the leading specific obstetric causes of maternal mortality, and intimate partners are the most common perpetrators of these homicides. This study examined pregnancy-associated and non-pregnancy-associated intimate partner homicide (IPH) victimization among racial/ethnic minority women relative to their non-minority counterparts using several sources of state-level data from 2003 through 2017. Data regarding partner homicide victimization came from the National Violent Death Reporting System, natality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics, and relevant sociodemographic information was obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Findings indicated that pregnancy and racial/ethnic minority status were each associated with increased risk for partner homicide victimization. Although rates of non-pregnancy-associated IPH victimization were similar between Black and White women, significant differences emerged when limited to pregnancy-associated IPH such that Black women evidenced pregnancy-associated IPH rates more than threefold higher than that observed among White and Hispanic women. Relatedly, the largest intraracial discrepancies between pregnant and non-pregnant women emerged among Black women, who experienced pregnancy-associated IPH victimization at a rate 8.1 times greater than their non-pregnant peers. These findings indicate that the racial disparities in IPH victimization in the United States observed in prior research might be driven primarily by the pronounced differences among the pregnant subset of these populations.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mammogram Frequency Among Women With Intellectual Disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Arana ◽  
Amy Carroll-Scott ◽  
Philip M. Massey ◽  
Nora L. Lee ◽  
Ann C. Klassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
White Women ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Little information exists on the associations between intellectual disability (ID) and race/ethnicity on mammogram frequency. This study collected survey and medical record data to examine this relationship. Results indicated that Hispanic and Black women with ID were more likely than White women with ID to have mammograms every 2 years. Participants who live in a state-funded residence, were aged 50+, and had a mild or moderate level of ID impairment were more likely to undergo mammography compared to participants living with family or alone, were <50, and had severe ID impairment. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms explaining disparities in mammograms between these racial/ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and Quality of Life in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldy Martin-Gutierrez ◽  
Jan L. Wallander ◽  
Yuzhu (June) Yang ◽  
Sarah Depaoli ◽  
Marc N. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Trends in Cigar Use in the United States, 2002–2016: Diverging Trends by Race/Ethnicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Cristine D Delnevo ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Although there are racial/ethnic differences in cigarette use, little is known about how non-cigarette tobacco use differs among racial/ethnic groups. This study investigated trends in cigar use from 2002 to 2016, by racial/ethnic group, in nationally representative US data. Methods Data were drawn from the 2002–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use data files (total analytic sample n = 630 547 including 54 060 past-month cigar users). Linear time trends of past-month cigar use were examined by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity) using logistic regression models. Results In 2016, the prevalence of past-month cigar use was significantly higher among NH Black respondents than among other racial/ethnic groups (ps < .001). Cigar use was also higher among NH White respondents than among Hispanic and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents. The year by racial/ethnic group interaction was significant (p < .001). Past-month cigar use decreased significantly from 2002 to 2016 among NH White and Hispanic respondents (ps = .001), whereas no change in prevalence was observed among NH Black (p = .779) and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents (p = .152). Cigar use decreased for NH White men (p < .001) and did not change for NH White women (p = .884). Conversely, cigar use increased for NH Black women (p < .001) and did not change for NH Black men (p = .546). Conclusions Cigar use remains significantly more common among NH Black individuals in the United States and is not declining among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity individuals over time, in contrast to declines among NH White and Hispanic individuals. Implications This study identified racial/ethnic differences in trends in past-month cigar use over 15 years among annual cross-sectional samples of US individuals. The highest prevalence of cigar use in 2016 was found among NH Black individuals. In addition, cigar use prevalence did not decline from 2002 to 2016 among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity groups over time, in contrast to NH White and Hispanic groups. Further, cigar use increased over time for NH Black women. Targeted public health and clinical efforts may be needed to decrease the prevalence of cigar use, especially for NH Black individuals.

Who is a typical woman? How race biases representations of gender across development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Leshin ◽  
Ryan Lei ◽  
Magnolia Red Byrne ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Multiple Classification ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Hispanic White

From early in development, race biases how children think about gender—often in a manner that treats Black women as less typical and representative of women in general than White or Asian women. The present study (N = 89, ages 7-11; predominately Hispanic, White, and multi-racial) examined the generalizability of this phenomenon across children and the mechanisms underlying variability in its development. Replicating prior work, children were slower and less accurate to categorize the gender of Black women compared to Asian or White women, as well as compared to Black men, suggesting that children perceived Black women as less representative of their gender. These effects were robust across demographic variation within the sample (e.g., across age and participant racial-ethnic background). Children’s tendencies to view their own identities as expansive and flexible, however, attenuated these effects: Children with more flexible identities also had gender concepts that were more inclusive of Black women. In contrast, the tendency for race to bias children’s gender representations was unrelated to children’s multiple classification skill and negatively related to children’s racial essentialism. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying variation in how race biases gender across development, with critical implications for the development of intergroup cognition and behavior.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Depression Trajectories among Older Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi J. Spence ◽  
Daniel E. Adkins ◽  
Matthew E. Dupre
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Black And White

Despite recent increases in life course research on mental illness, important questions remain about the social patterning of, and explanations for, depression trajectories among women in later life. The authors investigate competing theoretical frameworks for the age patterning of depressive symptoms and the physical health, socioeconomic, and family mechanisms differentiating black and white women. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women, the authors use linear mixed (growth curve) models to estimate trajectories of distress for women aged 52 to 81 years ( N = 3,182). The results demonstrate that: (1) there are persistently higher levels of depressive symptoms among black women relative to white women throughout later life; (2) physical health and socioeconomic status account for much of the racial gap in depressive symptoms; and (3) marital status moderates race differences in distress. The findings highlight the importance of physical health, family, and socioeconomic status in racial disparities in mental health.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Prenatal Supplement and Medication Use in Low-Risk Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassaman Vafai ◽  
Edwina H. Yeung ◽  
Rajeshwari Sundaram ◽  
Melissa M. Smarr ◽  
Nicole Gerlanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Central Nervous System Agents ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Objective This study aimed to describe the overall quantity and type of supplements and medications used during pregnancy in a low-risk cohort and to examine any racial/ethnic differences in intake. Study Design We used data from 2,164 racially/ethnically diverse, nonobese, and low-risk pregnant women participating without pre-pregnancy chronic conditions in a prospective cohort study at 12 sites across the United States. Medication data were self-reported as free text in enrollment, follow-up visit questionnaires, and abstracted from medical records at delivery. Supplements and medications data were mapped to their active ingredients and categorized into corresponding classes using the Slone Drug Dictionary. The total number and classes of supplements and medications consumed during pregnancy were calculated. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the racial/ethnic differences in supplements and medications intake. All models were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic factors and study site. Results 98% of women took at least one supplement during pregnancy, with prenatal vitamins/multivitamins being most common. While only 31% reported taking no medications during pregnancy, 23% took one, 18% took two, and 28% took three or more. The percentage of women taking at least one medication during pregnancy was highest among non-Hispanic white women and lowest among Asians (84 vs. 55%, p < 0.001). All racial/ethnic groups reported taking the same top four medication classes including central nervous system agents, gastrointestinal drugs, anti-infective agents, and antihistamines. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, Hispanic (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.98), and Asian women (aRR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98) were less likely to take central nervous system agents, as well as gastrointestinal drugs (Hispanics aRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94; Asians aRR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63–0.90), and antihistamines (Hispanics aRR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47–0.92). Conclusion Supplement intake was nearly universal. Medication use was also common among this low-risk pregnancy cohort and differed by race/ethnicity. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00912132. Key Points

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Dietary Behaviors among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Pregnant and Postpartum Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Harris ◽  
Nymisha Chilukuri ◽  
Meredith West ◽  
Janice Henderson ◽  
Shari Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction.Obesity is common among reproductive age women and disproportionately impacts racial/ethnic minorities. Our objective was to assess racial/ethnic differences in obesity-related dietary behaviors among pregnant and postpartum women, to inform peripartum weight management interventions that target diverse populations.Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 212 Black (44%), Hispanic (31%), and White (25%) women, aged ≥ 18, pregnant or within one year postpartum, in hospital-based clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, in 2013. Outcomes were fast food or sugar-sweetened beverage intake once or more weekly. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between race/ethnicity and obesity-related dietary behaviors, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.Results.In adjusted analyses, Black women had 2.4 increased odds of fast food intake once or more weekly compared to White women (CI = 1.08, 5.23). There were no racial/ethnic differences in the odds of sugar-sweetened beverage intake.Discussion.Compared with White or Hispanic women, Black women had 2-fold higher odds of fast food intake once or more weekly. Black women might benefit from targeted counseling and intervention to reduce fast food intake during and after pregnancy.

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