scholarly journals Effects of Older Adult Driving Resumption on All-Cause Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2263-2267
Author(s):  
Kendra L Ratnapradipa ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Marla Berg-Weger ◽  
and Mario Schootman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Driving Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Objectives Driving cessation is associated with adverse social and health outcomes including increased mortality risk. Some former drivers resume driving. Do resumed drivers have a different mortality risk compared to former drivers or continued drivers? Method We analyzed National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011–2015) data of community-dwelling self-responding ever drivers (n = 6,189) with weighted stratified life tables and discrete time logistic regression models to characterize mortality risk by driving status (continued, resumed, former), adjusting for relevant sociodemographic and health variables. Results Overall, 14% (n = 844) of participants died and 52% (n = 3,209) completed Round 5. Former drivers had the highest mortality (25%), followed by resumed (9%) and continued (6%) drivers. Former drivers had 2.4 times the adjusted odds of mortality compared with resumed drivers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51, 3.83), with no difference between continued and resumed drivers (aOR = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.74, 1.99). Discussion Those who resumed driving had better survival than those who did not. Practice implications include driver rehabilitation and retraining to safely promote and prolong driving.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Internet Usage and Overweight/Obesity: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey in Nepal

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md. Momin Islam ◽  
John Oldroyd ◽  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Rakibul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To examine the associations between internet use and overweight/obesity in people aged 15–49 years in Nepal and the extent to which these associations differ by biological sex. Materials and methods: The study analyzed the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the total effects of internet use (IU) in the last 12 months and frequency of internet use (FIU) in the last month on overweight/obesity adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Of the 10,380 participants, the prevalence of overweight/obesity by IU was 38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.9%, 40.1%) for males and 44.1% (95% CI: 41.6%, 46.6%) for female. The likelihood of overweight/obesity was significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.55; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.73; p < 0.001) among those participants who used the internet compared to the participants who did not use the internet in the last 12 months. Similar associations were observed when using the augmented measure of exposure-FIU in the last month. We observed the modification effect of sex in the associations of IU (p-difference < 0.001) and FIU (p-difference < 0.002) with overweight/obesity in Nepal. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future overweight/obesity interventions in Nepal discourage unnecessary internet use, particularly among males.

scholarly journals Analysis models for variables associated with breastfeeding duration

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Theodoro dos S. Neto ◽  
Eliana Zandonade ◽  
Adauto Oliveira Emmerich
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Factors Associated

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with breastfeeding duration by two statistical models. METHODS A population-based cohort study was conducted with 86 mothers and newborns from two areas primary covered by the National Health System, with high rates of infant mortality in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. During 30 months, 67 (78%) children and mothers were visited seven times at home by trained interviewers, who filled out survey forms. Data on food and sucking habits, socioeconomic and maternal characteristics were collected. Variables were analyzed by Cox regression models, considering duration of breastfeeding as the dependent variable, and logistic regression (dependent variables, was the presence of a breastfeeding child in different post-natal ages). RESULTS In the logistic regression model, the pacifier sucking (adjusted Odds Ratio: 3.4; 95%CI 1.2-9.55) and bottle feeding (adjusted Odds Ratio: 4.4; 95%CI 1.6-12.1) increased the chance of weaning a child before one year of age. Variables associated to breastfeeding duration in the Cox regression model were: pacifier sucking (adjusted Hazard Ratio 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.3) and bottle feeding (adjusted Hazard Ratio 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.5). However, protective factors (maternal age and family income) differed between both models. CONCLUSIONS Risk and protective factors associated with cessation of breastfeeding may be analyzed by different models of statistical regression. Cox Regression Models are adequate to analyze such factors in longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Teachers' opinion about the need for health promotion information

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Maceinaitė ◽  
G Šurkienė ◽  
R Sketerskienė
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Promoting Schools ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Background School is the most appropriate place for health promotion of pupils, which enables them to increase control over their health and improve it. Health promotion gives the best results when not only pupils but also their teachers are involved in the process, it is obvious that the success of health promotion depends on the teacher's attitude towards this process and his knowledge in this field. Aim of the study - to assess teachers' perceptions of the need for information on health promotion for themselves and their pupils. Methods 1247 teachers from 110 different schools in Lithuania were surveyed. Estimate of prevalence were calculated at 95% CI, logistic regression models were concluded, 95% CIs of adjusted odds ratio were calculated. Results 44.3% of teachers received sufficient amount of information on health promotion and 43.3% of them wanted more information on this subject. The odds of getting enough information on pupils health promotion were significantly related to teachers education, schools membership in Health Promoting Schools Network (HPSN) and location of school, the odds of wishing to get more information - with age and the subject teacher teaches. The most necessary information for teachers was information about healthy diet. They indicated that this information is most relevant to their pupils. In the opinion of the teachers, their pupils lack information on mental health. 71.6% of teachers were interested in information about health promotion. Interest in this subject was significantly related to gender, the subject teacher teaches and schools membership in HPSN. Conclusions Less than half of the respondents have received a sufficient amount of health promotion information and most of them are interested in this information, so it is important to provide teachers with health information that meets their needs. Providing teachers with health information it is important to take into consideration individual and school characteristics. Key messages Only less than half of teachers received sufficient amount of health promotion information. The majority of teachers were interested in information about health promotion.

In-Hospital Mortality and Trends Associated with Splenectomy in Patients with Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1398-1398
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Jaglowski ◽  
John C. Byrd ◽  
Jeffrey A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Teaching Status ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Abstract 1398 Poster Board I-420 Background: Splenectomy remains a standard treatment for ITP patients not responding to medical management, but anecdotal reports suggest that use of the procedure is in decline. We studied patterns of use and outcome of splenectomy performed for ITP at the population level. Methods: Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes, we identified 39,543 splenectomies among hospital admissions including a diagnosis of ITP (ICD-9 287.3) from 1993-2005. Admissions were characterized by patient and hospital facility characteristics. Laparascopic procedures were identified by published procedure coding algorithms. Factors influencing in-hospital mortality for 2005 were further evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Annual estimates for incidence of splenectomy are displayed in Figure 1. Between 1993 and 2005, there was a decrease in the total number of splenectomies performed for ITP, with the most significant drop occurring from 1997 to 2000, concurrent with the FDA approval of rituximab. Over the same period, there has been an increase in the proportion of splenectomies performed laparoscopically from 3.4% to 18.6%. Patient gender, age, presence of comorbid malignancy, and Charlson score were not significantly associated with type of splenectomy procedure. Among facility factors, only hospital teaching status was a statistically significant predictor of laparoscopic splenectomy use, early but not later in the observation period. On an annual basis, in-hospital mortality did not vary significantly over the observation period, with risks ranging from 1.5% (95% CI 0.83-2.86%) in 1993 to 4% (95% CI 2.8%-5.7%) in 1997. Annual mortality risk between open and laparoscopic procedures likewise did not significantly differ. However, over the total 13-year observation period there was a >60% increased risk of death with an open versus laparoscopic procedure (OR 1.669, p<0.0001). In 2005, 2869 splenectomy procedures were performed. Multivariate logistic regression models for in-hospital mortality that year found that presence of a malignancy (OR 9.65, p=0.003) significantly increased mortality risk. Charlson comorbidity approached statistical significance (0 v. ≥1, OR 6.83, p=0.087). Hospital bed-size (OR 0.87, p=0.73), location (rural v. urban, OR 3.80, p=0.127), and teaching status (OR 0.39, p=0.203) were not significantly associated with outcome. Conclusions: While the overall mortality risk from splenectomy in ITP is low, it is influenced by the presence of malignancy and other comorbid conditions. Further studies designed to evaluate newer medical management strategies (e.g. rituximab, thrombopoeitin mimetics, etc.) versus surgical intervention in these higher-risk populations are warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

ApoE Genotype, Lipid Profile, Exercise, and the Associations With Cardiovascular Morbidity and 18-Year Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1887-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Dankner ◽  
Sivan Ben Avraham ◽  
Dror Harats ◽  
Angela Chetrit
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Studies of longevity examined apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a gene involved in lipoprotein metabolism, which interacts with susceptibility to age-related diseases, and with mortality. We evaluated the association of ApoE isoforms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Methods A prospective cohort of 949 survivors of the Israel Study of Glucose Intolerance, Obesity, and Hypertension, examined during 1999–2004, mean age 72 years, was followed for mortality until 2017. Participants were interviewed for lifestyle habits and medical history. Anthropometrics and biochemical markers were taken. Logistic regression was used to assess CVD morbidity and Cox proportional hazard model for mortality. Results The most common genotype in the cohort was ApoE E3 (76.3%), with the other two almost equally distributed (ApoE E2 11.2% and ApoE E4 12.5%). In men only, ApoE E4 associated with CVD (adjusted odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76, 2.80) and with 18-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.47, 95% CI 0.95, 2.26), adjusting for age, ethnicity, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides and lipid-lowering medications. Low levels of HDL cholesterol, adjusted for ApoE and the above-mentioned variables, associated with higher prevalence of CVD (adjusted odds ratio = 1.35, 95% CI 1.00, 1.83) and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% CI 1.14, 1.78). ApoE E3 and E2 conferred a lower 18-year mortality risk in the physically active individuals, compared to the sedentary (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.57, 95% CI 0.44, 0.74, and adjusted hazard ratio = 0.53, 95% CI 0.78, 1.02, respectively). Conclusions In community-dwelling older adults, sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity, blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol levels, may outweigh the impact of ApoE polymorphisms on CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality.

Relationships Between Neighborhood Social Capital and The Occurrence of Outdoor Falls in Canadian Older Adults: A Multilevel Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1108-1135
Author(s):  
Afshin Vafaei ◽  
William Pickett ◽  
Maria Victoria Zunzunegui ◽  
Beatriz E. Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether neighborhood-level social capital is a risk factor for falls outside of the home in older adults. Methods: Health questionnaires were completed by community-dwelling Canadians aged +65 years living in Kingston (Ontario) and St-Hyacinthe (Quebec), supplemented by neighborhood-level census data. Multilevel logistic regression models with random intercepts were fit. Variations in the occurrence of falls across neighborhoods were quantified by median odds ratio and 80% interval odds ratio. Results: Between-neighborhood differences explained 7% of the variance in the occurrence of falls; this variance decreased to 2% after adjustment for neighborhood-level variables. In the fully adjusted models, higher levels of social capital increased the odds of falls by almost 2 times: (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.19, 3.71]). Discussion: Living in neighborhoods with higher levels of social capital was associated with higher risk of falling in older adults, possibly through more involvement in social activities.

scholarly journals Assessment of Neck Grasp as a Screening Tool for Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272098442
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Bettsy Y. Recalde ◽  
Pablo R. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background Inability to encircle the neck by hands (neck grasp) has been proposed as an indicator of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that would be useful for recognition of candidates for polysomnography (PSG). We assessed the value of neck grasp for predicting OSA in community-dwelling older adults of Amerindian ancestry. Methods Neck grasp was evaluated in individuals aged ≥60 years undergoing PSG. The association between neck grasp and OSA was assessed by logistic regression models adjusted for relevant covariates. Mediation analysis was used to establish the proportion of the effect of the association between neck grasp and OSA, which is mediated by the neck circumference (a well-known OSA biomarker). Receiver operator characteristics curve analysis was used to estimate diagnostic accuracy of neck grasp for predicting OSA. Results Of 201 individuals undergoing PSG, 167 (83%) had the neck grasp test. The remaining 34 could not perform the test because of different factors. Neck grasp was positive in 127 (76%) cases, and 114 (68%) individuals had OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥5). Multivariate logistic regression models disclosed a significant association between neck grasp and OSA. The neck circumference was the single covariate remaining independently significant in these models. Neck grasp was not efficient at predicting OSA (sensitivity: 83.3%, specificity: 39.6%, positive predictive value: 0.75 and negative predictive value: 0.53). The area under the curve disclosed only a moderate predictive capability (61.5%) of neck grasp. Conclusion Results do not support the use of neck grasp as an independent predictor of OSA in the study population.

scholarly journals Influence of the request and purchase of television advertised foods on dietary intake and obesity among children in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Xian ◽  
Mao Zeng ◽  
Zhengjie Cai ◽  
Changxiao Xie ◽  
Yuqian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Children Health

Abstract Background This study aims to examine the effects of the request and purchase of Television (TV) advertised foods on children’s dietary intake, overweight and obesity in China. Methods Data from 1417 children (aged 6–17 years) in the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were analysed. The request and purchase of TV advertised foods were assessed through the frequency of children’s requests to purchase TV advertised foods and the frequency of parents’ purchases of these advertised foods, as well as the frequency of children’s purchases of TV advertised foods. The height and weight of children were measured. Logistic regression models were used to identify the associations between the request and purchase of TV advertised foods and overweight/obesity of children. Results The request and purchase of TV advertised foods were positively associated with children’s dietary intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, children’s request and purchase of TV advertised foods and parent’s purchase of TV advertised foods were positively associated with children’s overweight/obesity: odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for overweight/obesity were: 1.46 (1.01–2.11) for children purchasing advertised foods ≥1 time/week, 1.59 (1.15–2.18) for parents purchasing advertised foods for their children ≥1 time/week and 1.39 (1.00–1.95) for children requesting advertised foods ≥1 time/week. Conclusions The request and purchase of TV advertised foods are associated with children’s dietary intake. Moreover, the request and purchase of TV advertised foods can increase the risk of overweight and obesity of children. Health education involving children’s request and purchase of TV advertised foods and parents’ purchase of TV advertised foods should be considered in China.

scholarly journals Soluble ST2 levels for predicting the presence and severity of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zong ◽  
Qin Fan ◽  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Hongyang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Soluble St2 ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment

To explore the relationship between soluble ST2 (sST2) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and determine whether sST2 levels can predict the presence and severity of MetS. We evaluated 550 consecutive subjects (58.91 ± 9.69 years, 50% male) with or without MetS from the Department of Vascular and Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Affiliated Ruijin Hospital. Serum sST2 concentrations were measured. The participants were divided into three groups according to the sST2 tertiles. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between serum sST2 concentrations and the presence of MetS. Serum sST2 concentrations were significantly higher in the MetS group than in those in the no MetS group (14.80 ± 7.01 vs. 11.58 ± 6.41 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Subjects with more MetS components showed higher levels of sST2. sST2 was associated with the occurrence of MetS after multivariable adjustment as a continuous log-transformed variable (per 1 SD, odds ratio [OR]: 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.80, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that individuals with MetS have significantly higher levels of sST2 than those without MetS regardless of sex and age.High serum sST2 levels were significantly and independently associated with the presence and severity of MetS. Thus, sST2 levels may be a novel biomarker and clinical predictor of MetS.

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