Trajectory of Depression among Victims of Elder Mistreatment

Abstract Individuals exposed to elder mistreatment are affected in dissimilar ways. Most existing studies are cross-sectional and fail to capture the change in mental health of older adults with exposure to elder mistreatment. This study aims to examine depression trajectories of elder mistreatment victims and identify protective factors. Data were drawn from the two-wave Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) with 725 participants who reported elder mistreatment at the baseline. Depression was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Self-mastery was assessed by the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Conscientiousness was evaluated by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Multinomial logistic regression was used while controlling demographic factors and recurrence of elder mistreatment. We identified four depression trajectories among elder mistreatment victims: chronic (9.61%), delayed (6.27%), recovery resilience (21.17%), and resistance resilience (62.95%). The chronic group was showing severe depression in both waves. The delayed group experienced a delayed reaction with increasing depression over time. The depression level of the recovery resilience group bounced back from elder mistreatment. The resistance resilience group exhibited low depression over time. Elder mistreatment victims with increasing self-mastery were more likely to be in recovery resilience group than in chronic group (RRR=1.05, 95%CI=1.02-1.09). In addition, elder mistreatment victims with increasing conscientiousness were less likely to be in delayed group than in resistance resilience group (RRR=0.96, 95%CI=0.92-1.00). Healthcare providers and social service agents could focus on elder mistreatment victims with chronic and delayed depression trajectories. Interventions could promote mental health of elder mistreatment victims through improving self-mastery and conscientiousness.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

10.53350/pjmhs211592333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2333-2336

Author(s):

Anum Arif ◽

Minahil Iram ◽

Sabih Nofal ◽

Aima Sohail ◽

Bismah Riaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Medical Students ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Interns And Residents ◽

The Mean

Aim: To assess prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Stress in medical students, interns, and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Doctors studying and practicing in the private sector have a higher DASS21 score (p = < 0.006) Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

Download Full-text

Paid employment and common mental disorders in 50–64-year olds: analysis of three cross-sectional nationally representative survey samples in 1993, 2000 and 2007

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796017000403 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 88-99

Author(s):

G. Perera ◽

G. Di Gessa ◽

L. M. Corna ◽

K. Glaser ◽

R. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Employment Status ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Housing Tenure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Paid Employment ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Over Time

Aims.Associations between employment status and mental health are well recognised, but evidence is sparse on the relationship between paid employment and mental health in the years running up to statutory retirement ages using robust mental health measures. In addition, there has been no investigation into the stability over time in this relationship: an important consideration if survey findings are used to inform future policy. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between employment status and common mental disorder (CMD) in 50–64-year old residents in England and its stability over time, taking advantage of three national mental health surveys carried out over a 14-year period.Methods.Data were analysed from the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000 and 2007. Paid employment status was the primary exposure of interest and CMD the primary outcome – both ascertained identically in all three surveys (CMD from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule). Multivariable logistic regression models were used.Results.The prevalence of CMD was higher in people not in paid employment across all survey years; however, this association was only present for non-employment related to poor health as an outcome and was not apparent in those citing other reasons for non-employment. Odds ratios for the association between non-employment due to ill health and CMD were 3.05 in 1993, 3.56 in 2000, and 2.80 in 2007, after adjustment for age, gender, marital status, education, social class, housing tenure, financial difficulties, smoking status, recent physical health consultation and activities of daily living impairment.Conclusions.The prevalence of CMD was higher in people not in paid employment for health reasons, but was not associated with non-employment for other reasons. Associations had been relatively stable in strength from 1993 to 2007 in those three cross-sectional nationally representative samples.

Download Full-text

Experience of stigma among mental health service users in Hong Kong: Are there changes between 2001 and 2017?

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764018815926 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ka-Fai Chung ◽

Samson Tse ◽

Chit-Tat Lee ◽

Michael Ming-Cheuk Wong ◽

Wing-Man Chan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Mental Health Service ◽

Health Service ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Service Users ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over Time

Background: Public expenditure on mental health education has grown exponentially in the past two decades. Does the experience of stigma among people with mental health problems improve over time? Our study aims to compare the levels of perceived stigmatization, rejection experiences and stigma–coping among mental health service users in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2017 using longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional study design. Method: The baseline survey was completed by 193 psychiatric outpatients in 2001. They were traced for re-assessment in 2017. Another sample of 193 outpatients matched in age, gender and psychiatric diagnosis was recruited in 2017 for cross-sectional comparison. Participants completed a 39-item questionnaire on stigma experiences, Beck Depression Inventory and Disability Assessment Schedule at both time points. Results: In total, 109 of 193 participants (56.5%) of the 2001 survey were re-assessed. No significant change in perceived stigmatization, rejection experiences and stigma–coping was found among the 109 participants interviewed in 2001 and 2017. For cross-sectional comparison, significant differences in two perceived stigma items were observed upon Bonferroni correction (chi-square test, p < .005) and remained significant after controlling for confounding factors by regression analysis. Improvements in perceived stigmatization were on marriage and friendship, while viewpoints on trustworthiness, dangerousness, devaluation, avoidance and personal failure remained unchanged, and there was no improvement in rejection experiences and stigma–coping. Conclusion: Positive attitude changes over time are unlikely to occur if there is no targeted intervention on stigma. Our findings highlight that evidence-based antistigma interventions are urgently needed.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Depression Symptoms and Associated Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates Among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-62968/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hady Naal ◽

Dana Nabulsi ◽

Nour El Arnaout ◽

Lina Abdouni ◽

Hani Dimassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Syrian Refugee ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background: Since the outbreak of the Syrian war in 2011, close to 6 million Syrian refugees have escaped to Syria’s neighbouring countries, including Lebanon. Evidence suggests rising levels of mental health disorders among Syrian refugee populations. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, large-scale studies addressing the mental health of adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon are lacking. Aims: We examined the prevalence of depression symptoms, which represent a common and debilitating mental health disorder among Syrian refugee populations in Lebanon, along with their sociodemographic and clinical correlates.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was conducted as part of a collaborative project-“Sijilli”- led by the Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut (Beirut, Lebanon) across 4 informal tented settlements for refugees (Beirut, Bekaa, North, South) in Lebanon among adult Syrian refugees (≥18), over a period extending from 2018 to 2020. The survey inquired about participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and screened participants for symptoms of depression through sequential methodology using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9). Results: A total of 3255 adult Syrian refugees were enrolled in the study. Of those refugees, only 51.6% (n=1678) screened positive on the PHQ-2 and were therefore eligible to complete the PHQ-9. The PHQ-9 analysis revealed high prevalence (25%) of moderate to severe depression in the total sample, suggestive of high probability for major depression disorder (MDD). Further analyses indicate that being ≥45 years of age (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.22-2.36), a woman (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.69), divorced/separated (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.57-7.01), reporting a neurological (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.20-2.61) or a mental health condition (OR 5.30, 95% CI 2.40-11.66) are major risk factors for MDD.Conclusion: Our study suggests that one in four Syrian refugees in Lebanon have probable MDD, and our findings have important public health and clinical implications on refugee health. There is a need to enhance screening efforts, to improve access and referral to mental health services, and to improve post-migration factors among Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

Download Full-text

Investigating the Burden of Mental Distress Among Nurses at A Provincial COVID-19 Referral Hospital In Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-221595/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marthoenis Marthoenis ◽

Maskur Maskur ◽

Liza Fathiariani ◽

Jacqueline Nassimbwa

Keyword(s):

Mental Distress ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Face Mask ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Financial Hardship ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The current outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic distorts not only the physical, but also mental and psychological condition of healthcare providers, especially the nurses who directly working with the COVID-19 patients. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety and stress among nurses working in a COVID-19 referral hospital in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire, DASS21, along with the demographic questions was used to screen the presence of psychological problems and their associated factors. Results: the prevalence of moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety and stress was 8.7%, 20.7% and 5.8%, respectively. The prevalence rate was significantly higher among those with financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 10.5%, 23.5% and 8.1% for depression, anxiety and anxiety (P<.05), respectively. Regression analysis confirmed that these mental problems were associated with the experience of social rejection, either by family or neighbor, because they were working in the hospital during the pandemic. Conclusions: The financial hardship experienced by the nurses during disease pandemic increases their burden of mental illness therefore, providing the financial subsidiary might reduce their financial uncertainty. Furthermore, the motivation to have a positive attitude toward the pandemic, promotion of healthy behavior such as the use of face mask and the provision of sufficient information on the diseases, may help them properly manage their mental distress.

Download Full-text

La depresión: una realidad masculina

Enfoques ◽

10.24267/23898798.80 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Nubia Álvarez Vargas ◽

Ángela Paola Ochoa Gaitán

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Male Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Implementation Phase ◽

Adult Men ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Currently Depression is a serious mental health problem, which significantly affects the individuals; thus requires an appropriate psychological management. Numerous studies have been conducted around this problem which repeatedly shows the presence of depression in women more than in men. However, considering that in the male population has increased the risk of the disease, especially if you consider that has not produced a specific etiology of depression in the male population; making it difficult for mental health professionals make diagnoses and treatments. Thus, the present study aims to determine the existence of depression in male employees of an institution of higher education. The research corresponds to a non-experimental cross-sectional design, quantitative and descriptive approach. The non-random sample of intentional or convenience way consisted of 45 men. The instrument of data collection is known as CDH (Questionnaire depression for men) through which to assess depressive symptoms in adolescent and adult men. Partial results helped identify 44% no depression, 40% mild depression, 11% with moderate depression and 5% severe depression. The discussion and analysis of the results will be finalized on completion of the implementation phase.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students, interns and residents in Pakistan

10.53350/pjmhs211592215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2215-2218

Author(s):

Anum Arif ◽

Minahil Iram ◽

Sabih Nofal ◽

Aima Sohail ◽

Bismah Riaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Medical Students ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Interns And Residents ◽

The Mean

Aim: To assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress in medical students, interns and residents in Pakistan Study design: Cross-sectional Survey (Questionnaire) based study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College from March 2020 to May 2020. Results: 104 participants were included in the study. There was female predominance 58(55.8%), and the mean age was 23.55±1.42. The overall mean score of depression and anxiety was 21.2±12.67 and 15.7±10.67 respectively and most prevalent in third and fourth-year residents. The mean stress score was 13.7, 10. 27. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the overall participants had extremely severe depression, 36 (34.6 %) had extremely severe anxiety and 13(12.5%) had severe stress. Conclusion: Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the poor mental health of health care workers, including financial trouble, sleep deprivation, abuse from colleagues, high expectations, female gender, broken relationships, and substance misuse. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in common in medical students. This calls for the development of strategies, workshops, and programs to identify modifiable stressors, encourage students to reach out to their family members and their teachers to verbalize their issues, and make psychiatric consultation accessible to them. Keywords: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Medical, Mental Health Problem Solving, Psychological Distress,

Download Full-text

Emerging public health challenge in UK: perception and belief on increased COVID19 death among BAME healthcare workers

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdaa096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 486-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Arumugam Moorthy ◽

Thangasamy K Sankar

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Work Force ◽

Well Being ◽

Target Population ◽

Front Line ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Adequate Provision

Abstract Background Coronavirus infection Disease 19 impacted every part of the world and routine life. Recent report from the Office of national statistics in UK reported disproportionate death among Black Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) population. NHS is heavily relied on the BAME work force both in front line and in the community. We attempted to explore the beliefs and perception about reported worrying issue among BAME health work force in a Diverse city of Leicester. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey using 20 questions in an electronic format. The target population was identified through Leicester Asian Doctors Society and Leicester Asian Nurses Society. The questionnaire was then distributed electronically to the members. Survey questionnaire was accessed by 372, incomplete response (172) were excluded and 200 completed responses were analysed. Results Majority of BAME workforce are routinely involved in front line duties. More than 70% were anxious about their role during this pandemic. The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) supply was adequate, and the support received from the local healthcare providers was more than satisfactory. The work force perceived co-morbidity, lack of PPE and testing were one of the few reasons for increased death in BAME. BAME group felt adequate provision of PPE, increased testing and improving mental health well-being is required to alleviate concerns and improve BAME working life in NHS. Conclusion BAME workforce are routinely involved in front line work and current anxiety level is very high. Adequate provision of mental health support with clear risk stratification for return to work is required urgently.

Download Full-text

A Longitudinal Test of Three Theories of Overconfidence

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550617699252 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 353-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sean C. Murphy ◽

Fiona Kate Barlow ◽

William von Hippel

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

High School ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Intellectual Ability ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Motivation ◽

Social Success ◽

Over Time

This article presents a longitudinal test of three proposed functions of overconfidence. In a sample of 894 high school boys surveyed across two school years, we examined whether overconfidence in sporting ability and intelligence predicts improved mental health, motivation, and popularity. Both sporting and intelligence overconfidence showed positive cross-sectional associations with mental health outcomes, but there was little evidence that overconfidence predicted improved mental health over time. Some evidence emerged that overconfidence in sporting ability, but not intellectual ability, predicted increased effort, but neither type of overconfidence predicted improvements in ability over time. Finally, sporting but not intellectual overconfidence predicted increased popularity over time. These results suggest that overconfidence is associated with increased social success over time in at least some domains, and contradict the oft-cited possibility that overconfidence leads to increasingly deleterious outcomes over time.

Download Full-text

Unravelling the impact of COVID-19 on mental health: A scoping review on traumatogenic events using the phases of response to disaster model

Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.17352/2455-5479.000165 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 218-236

Author(s):

den Cruyce Nele Van

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Disaster Response ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Economic Status ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Background: Disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic give rise to high levels of psychological distress in people worldwide. Since this is the first pandemic of its kind, the best available evidence is needed on what psychological needs could be expected during and after the pandemic. Objectives: In this scoping review existing research on traumatogenic events is examined in order to identify the potential impact on mental health of the COVID pandemic. The research findings are organized using the the phases of disaster response model. Results: A total of 34 longitudinal studies, 2 studies with multiple waves of data collection and 92 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included in this scoping review could be classified as: 87 studies on COVID-19, 2 on SARS, 19 on wars, 19 on terrorist attacks and 1 on a nuclear accident. Results indicate that stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, anger, grief and fear can be anticipated as common reactions. The longer a pandemic continues, the higher the psychological strain is expected to be. Conclusions: The phases of response to disaster model offers a valid frame to unravel the impact of the pandemic on mental health over time. Specific attention must be given to vulnerable groups, whereby specific risk factors include age, gender, pre-existing mental health problems, healthcare profession, migration background, isolation and low socio economic status. However, these may change over time, and a delayed manifestation of psychosocial problems needs to be considered too. Mental health governance is, therefore, warranted throughout and even up to 6 months after the pandemic.

Download Full-text