scholarly journals Employers’ Response to Workers With Progressive Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 717-718
Author(s):  
Josephine McMurray ◽  
AnneMarie Levy ◽  
Logan Reis ◽  
Kristina Kokorelias ◽  
Jennifer Boger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Disability Accommodation

Abstract An aging workforce increases the risk of workers experiencing cognitive decline that may lead to a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or early onset dementia (MCI|EOD) while still employed. This systematic review explores the use of technologies (defined as any methods, processes, software, hardware or equipment) deployed by employers to accommodate, or build sustainable workspaces for, workers diagnosed with MCI|EOD. After screening 3,860 titles/abstracts and 67 full text reviews, we identified and analyzed eight articles that met our inclusion criteria. We found that: 1) The existing literature almost exclusively focuses on employees’ perspectives on the quality of work life when diagnosed with MCI|EOD, 2) Negative workspace culture toward employees’ cognitive decline, and the variability of disease onset and progression, may account for low employer awareness, 3) Employer responses focus on mitigation of risk associated with workers’ impairment. While this review demonstrates there is scant research exploring employers’ perspectives on employees diagnosed with MCI|EOD, there is even less that explores technologies designed to specifically address employers’ needs and challenges. Technology will increasingly facilitate early identification of progressive neuro-cognitive disorders, and tools to help employers respond to an employee’s MCI|EOD disclosure as a disability accommodation rather than a terminal performance management challenge. Empathic research, that engages organizations in the process of understanding the value of affordable, employer-side technologies that help build diverse, sustainable, productive workspaces is critical to a foundational understanding of our aging workforce and accommodating workers who develop MCI|EOD while still employed.

scholarly journals Cognitive Issues in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Emilio Portaccio ◽  
Ermelinda De Meo ◽  
Angelo Bellinvia ◽  
Maria Pia Amato
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Definition Of

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the leading causes of disability in young adults. The onset of MS during developmental age makes pediatric patients particularly susceptible to cognitive impairment, resulting from both disease-related damage and failure of age-expected brain growth. Despite different test batteries and definitions, cognitive impairment has been consistently reported in approximately one-third of pediatric patients with MS. However, the lack of a uniform definition of cognitive impairment and the adoption of different test batteries have led to divergent results in terms of cognitive domains more frequently affected across the cohorts explored. This heterogeneity has hampered large international collaborative studies. Moreover, research aimed at the identification of risk factors (e.g., demographic, clinical, and radiological features) or protective factors (e.g., cognitive reserve, leisure activities) for cognitive decline is still scanty. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, can be detected in these patients alongside cognitive decline or in isolation, and can negatively affect quality of life scores as well as academic performances. By using MRI, cognitive impairment was attributed to damage to specific brain compartments as well as to abnormal network activation patterns. However, multimodal MRI studies are still needed in order to assess the contribution of each MRI metric to cognitive impairment. Importantly, longitudinal studies have recently demonstrated failure of age-expected brain growth and of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) maturation plays a relevant role in determining cognitive dysfunction, in addition to MS-related direct damage. Whether these growth retardations might result in specific cognitive profiles according to the age at disease onset has not been studied, yet. A better characterization of cognitive profiles in pediatric MS patients, as well as the definition of neuroanatomical substrates of cognitive impairment and their longitudinal evolution are needed to develop efficient therapeutic strategies against cognitive impairment in this patient population.

scholarly journals The Role of High Triglycerides Level in Predicting Cognitive Impairment: A Review of Current Evidence

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Alina Mihaela Dimache ◽  
Delia Lidia Șalaru ◽  
Radu Sascău ◽  
Cristian Stătescu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cerebral Amyloidosis ◽  
The Relationship

The burden of cognitive disorders is huge and still growing, however the etiology and the degree of cognitive impairment vary considerably. Neurodegenerative and vascular mechanisms were most frequently assessed in patients with dementia. Recent studies have shown the possible involvement of triglycerides levels in cognitive function through putative mechanisms such as brain blood barrier dysfunction or amyloid metabolism imbalance, but not all research in the field found this association. Several clinical studies evaluated the relationship between different forms of cognitive decline and levels of serum triglycerides, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. This review focuses on the role of triglycerides in cognitive decline, cerebral amyloidosis and vascular impairment. Considering that the management of hypertriglyceridemia benefits from lifestyle modification, diet, and specific drug therapy, future studies are requested to appraise the triglycerides–cognitive impairment relationship.

scholarly journals Features of diagnosis of cognitive disorders in patients with chronic brain ischemia

2016 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
N.P. Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Chronic Ischemia ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Chronic Brain Ischemia ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

One of the major problems in modern health care are cerebrovascular disease, which occupy a leading place in the structure of mortality and disability in the population. Among the many clinical features of chronic ischemia of the brain is a key manifestation of cognitive impairment that often determine the severity of condition and quality of life of the patient and his relatives. Diagnosis of cognitive impairment is very important, as the timely appointment of therapy may prevent or at least delay the development of dementia.

scholarly journals Protocols for cognitive enhancement. A user manual for Brain Health Services—part 5 of 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brioschi Guevara ◽  
Melanie Bieler ◽  
Daniele Altomare ◽  
Marcelo Berthier ◽  
Chantal Csajka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Strategic Learning

AbstractCognitive complaints in the absence of objective cognitive impairment, observed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), are common in old age. The first step to postpone cognitive decline is to use techniques known to improve cognition, i.e., cognitive enhancement techniques.We aimed to provide clinical recommendations to improve cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals, by using cognitive, mental, or physical training (CMPT), non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), drugs, or nutrients. We made a systematic review of CMPT studies based on the GRADE method rating the strength of evidence.CMPT have clinically relevant effects on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. The quality of evidence supporting the improvement of outcomes following a CMPT was high for metamemory; moderate for executive functions, attention, global cognition, and generalization in daily life; and low for objective memory, subjective memory, motivation, mood, and quality of life, as well as a transfer to other cognitive functions. Regarding specific interventions, CMPT based on repeated practice (e.g., video games or mindfulness, but not physical training) improved attention and executive functions significantly, while CMPT based on strategic learning significantly improved objective memory.We found encouraging evidence supporting the potential effect of NIBS in improving memory performance, and reducing the perception of self-perceived memory decline in SCD. Yet, the high heterogeneity of stimulation protocols in the different studies prevent the issuing of clear-cut recommendations for implementation in a clinical setting. No conclusive argument was found to recommend any of the main pharmacological cognitive enhancement drugs (“smart drugs”, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, antidepressant) or herbal extracts (Panax ginseng, Gingko biloba, and Bacopa monnieri) in people without cognitive impairment.Altogether, this systematic review provides evidence for CMPT to improve cognition, encouraging results for NIBS although more studies are needed, while it does not support the use of drugs or nutrients.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

Folia Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya G. Trenova ◽  
Georgi S. Slavov ◽  
Maria G. Manova ◽  
Jana B. Aksentieva ◽  
Lyuba D. Miteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Axonal Transection ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a socially significant immune-mediated disease, characterized by demyelination, axonal transection and oligodendropathy in the central nervous system. Inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration lead to brain atrophy and cognitive deficit in up to 75% of the patients. Cognitive dysfunctions impact significantly patients’ quality of life, independently from the course and phase of the disease. The relationship between pathological brain findings and cognitive impairment is a subject of intensive research. Summarizing recent data about prevalence, clinical specificity and treatment of cognitive disorders in MS, this review aims to motivate the necessity of early diagnosis and complex therapeutic approach to these disturbances in order to reduce the social burden of the disease.

scholarly journals Selecting the most important self-assessed features for predicting conversion to mild cognitive impairment with random forest and permutation-based methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Gómez-Ramírez ◽  
Marina Ávila-Villanueva ◽  
Miguel Ángel Fernández-Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Comorbid Condition

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease is a complex, multifactorial, and comorbid condition. The asymptomatic behavior in the early stages makes the identification of the disease onset particularly challenging. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediary stage between the expected decline of normal aging and the pathological decline associated with dementia. The identification of risk factors for MCI is thus sorely needed. Self-reported personal information such as age, education, income level, sleep, diet, physical exercise, etc. is called to play a key role not only in the early identification of MCI but also in the design of personalized interventions and the promotion of patients empowerment. In this study, we leverage a large longitudinal study on healthy aging in Spain, to identify the most important self-reported features for future conversion to MCI. Using machine learning (random forest) and permutation-based methods we select the set of most important self-reported variables for MCI conversion which includes among others, subjective cognitive decline, educational level, working experience, social life, and diet. Subjective cognitive decline stands as the most important feature for future conversion to MCI across different feature selection techniques.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of technology-based interventions in detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045978
Author(s):  
Jordi Martínez-Soldevila ◽  
Roland Pastells-Peiró ◽  
Carolina Climent-Sanz ◽  
Gerard Piñol-Ripoll ◽  
Mariona Rocaspana-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionThe gradual changes over the decades in the longevity and ageing of European society as a whole can be directly related to the prolonged decline in the birth rate and increase in the life expectancy. According to the WHO, there is an increased risk of dementia or other cognitive disorders as the population ages, which have a major impact on public health. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is described as a greater than expected cognitive decline for an individual’s age and level of education, but that does not significantly interfere with activities of daily living. Patients with MCI exhibit a higher risk of dementia compared with others in the same age group, but without a cognitive decline, have impaired walking and a 50% greater risk of falling.The urban lifestyle and advent of smartphones, mobility and immediate access to all information via the internet, including health information, has led to a totally disruptive change in most general aspects.This systematic review protocol is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in the detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI.Methods and analysisThis review protocol follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols reporting guidelines. The search will be performed on MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2020. Studies of interventions either randomised clinical trials or pre–post non-randomised quasi-experimental designs, published in English and Spanish will be included. Articles that provide relevant information on the use of technology and its effectiveness in interventions that assess improvements in early detection, prevention, follow-up and treatment of the patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI will be included.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval not required. The results will be disseminated in publications and congresses.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES ON COGNITIVE DECLINE IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Shkodina ◽  
Kateryna Tarianyk ◽  
Dmytro Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Impact

The article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on the impact of sleep disorders on the development of cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson's disease. The main purpose of the study is to study the possibility of predicting the development of cognitive decline by assessing the severity of sleep disorders and their differences in the presence of cognitive impairment. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem showed that sleep disorders develop in the early stages of Parkinson's disease and are often accompanied by cognitive impairment. Cognitive decline is manifested throughout Parkinson's disease and ranges from moderate in the early stages to dementia in the late stages. The relevance of the study of the relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive functions lies in the possibility of further improving the prediction of the development of cognitive decline in order to effectively correct it. Treatment of sleep disorders can be accompanied by improved memory and even morphological changes in the brain. Therefore, the question arises about the possibility of correcting cognitive decline by influencing sleep disorders. The methodology of the study included assessment of the overall status of patients on a unified scale of Parkinson's disease, Montreal cognitive rating scale and sleep scale in Parkinson's disease. The duration of the study was 8 months. Patients with Parkinson's disease were selected as the study. The article presents the results of a survey of patients who show that patients with Parkinson's disease and cognitive decline showed a predominance of motor disorders, sleep disorders and the overall score on the sleep scale in Parkinson's disease. In the presence of cognitive decline more pronounced disorders of motor functions in everyday life, which can lead to sleep disorders and its quality. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the assessment of sleep disorders can be used to predict the risk of developing cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. The results of this study may be useful for improving the early diagnosis and prevention of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease, which, in turn, leads to improved quality of treatment of these patients. Such changes can directly affect the choice of therapeutic tactics and improve the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. The question of the features of various sleep disorders and their prognostic value in relation to cognitive decline in patients with various forms of Parkinson's disease remains open.

Integrative Nursing Management of Cognitive Impairment

2014 ◽  
pp. 300-313
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Ross ◽  
Iris R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biomedical Treatment ◽  
Reducing Stress

Cognitively impaired individuals are often sensitive to the side effects of pharmacological agents, a mainstay of biomedical treatment in this condition. An integrative approach to cognitive impairment that employs therapeutic strategies that can minimize polypharmacy while supporting improved brain function is clinically essential. Integrative interventions for cognitive disorders are dependent on the etiology or type of cognitive disorder that is being treated. Integrative nurses also recognize that family caregivers have tremendous burden when with this condition. Therefore, integrative nurses work with both the individual and caregiver, with the goal of improving overall quality of life, reducing stress and improving function.

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