Factors Associated With Latent Classes of Exercise Motivation Among Physically Active Older Adults

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the latent classes of exercise motivation and to find relevant factors in older adults. The sample comprises 179 people who reported practicing physical exercise regularly. We performed Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression. Exercise motivation was observed with six indicators: medical advice, fun, weight loss, leisure, fitness, and socializing. Independent variables of regression analysis included sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education, and household income), health and well-being (subjective health, and life satisfaction), and satisfaction on neighborhood environment (physical, service, and sociocultural aspects respectively). Results of LCA indicated that the three-class model yielded optimal fit indices. Class 1 (7.5%) was labeled as ‘mainly for medical advice and socializing’. Class 2 (46.5%) was labeled as ‘mainly for fun’, while class 3 (46.0%) was labeled as ‘only fitness’. Results of multinomial logistic regression showed that males, people with lower education, and higher satisfaction with their sociocultural neighborhood were more likely to be categorized as ‘mainly for fun’ group compared to the reference group (‘only for fitness’). Subjective health was marginally significant (p<.10): People with positive subjective health tend to be categorized as ‘mainly for fun’ than ‘only for fitness’ group. Satisfaction with their sociocultural neighborhood was marginally significant (p<.10) in distinguishing ‘only for fitness’ and ‘mainly for medical advice and socializing’ group. The results of this study emphasized the heterogeneity in exercise motivation. Significant factors of exercise motivation in this study implied the importance of individualized interventions to promote exercise participation.

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Sex Difference in Self-Reported Sexual Functioning Among Frail Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 313-313

Author(s):

Brianne Olivieri-Mui ◽

Sandra Shi ◽

Ellen McCarthy ◽

Dae Kim

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Older Adult ◽

Sexual Functioning ◽

Social Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Adult Males ◽

Males And Females

Abstract Frailty may differentially impact how older adult males and females perceive sexual functioning, an important part of well-being. We assessed the level of frailty (robust, pre-frail, frail) for anyone with data on 11 sexual functioning questions asked in wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, 2010-2011 (n=2060). Questions covered five domains: overall sexual function (OSF), sexual function anxiety (SFA), changes in sexual function (CSF), erectile/vaginal dysfunction (EVD), and masturbation. Logistic regression identified sex differences in frailty and reporting worse sexual functioning. Linear regression predicted the number of domains reported as worse. Among males (n=1057), pre-frailty meant higher odds of reporting SFA (OR 1.8 95%CI 1.2-6.6), CSF (OR 1.7 95%CI 1.1-2.7), and EVD (OR 1.5 95%CI 1.0-2.2). Among females (n=1003), there was no difference in reporting by frailty. Females were more likely to report worse OSF (Robust: OR 7.4, 95%CI 4.8-11.4; Pre-frail: OR 6.2, 95%CI 3.9-9.9; Frail: OR 3.4 95%CI 1.7-6.6), but less likely to report SFA (Robust OR .3, 95%CI .2-.5; Pre-frail OR .2, 95%CI .1-.3; Frail OR .2 95%CI .1-.3). Pre-frail and frail females reported fewer domains as worse (Pre-frail coefficient -0.21 SE 0.09, Frail -0.43 SE 0.14). As frailty worsened, males reported more domains as worse (Pre-frail 0.24 SE 0.07, Frail 0.29 SE 0.08). Self-reported sexual functioning differs by sex at all levels of frailty, and reporting by males, but not females, changes with frailty. Providers should be aware that sexual functioning is of importance to both sexes despite varying degrees of frailty.

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Views on Aging and Well-Being in the Covid Crisis – A Longitudinal Study in Luxembourg

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3513 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 961-961

Author(s):

Anna Kornadt ◽

Martine Hoffmann ◽

Elke Murdock ◽

Josepha Nell ◽

Isabelle Albert

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Individual Development ◽

Subjective Age ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Loss ◽

Physical Decline

Abstract During the Covid-Crisis, stereotypes of older adults as helpless and vulnerable were spread, and intergenerational conflict was stirred more or less openly. We thus focused on perceived ageism during the crisis and its effects on well-being and health of older adults. Since views on aging are multifaceted and can be both, risk and resource for individual development, we assessed people’s self-perceptions of aging (SPA) as social loss, continued growth and physical decline and subjective age (SA). We hypothesized that people with SPA of social loss and physical decline would be more susceptible to negative effects of perceived ageism, whereas those with SPA of continued growth and younger SA would be less affected. NT1 = 611 community-dwelling adults aged 60 – 98 (Mage = 69.92 years) were recruited in June 2020 online and via phone in Luxembourg. In September 2020, participants will be contacted again for a follow-up. Analyses with cross-sectional data show that participants who felt more discriminated reported lower life satisfaction after the onset of the crisis (r = -.35) and worse subjective health (r = -.14). SPA of social loss and higher SA increased the negative effect of ageism on well-being (beta = -.57) and subjective health (beta = -.53), respectively. Our results point to mid- and long-term consequences of age discriminatory and stereotype-based crisis communication for the well-being of older adults and the importance of individual SPA in critical situations.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND THE ONSET OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.423 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S114-S115

Author(s):

Jiaan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Well Being ◽

Functional Health ◽

Survey Study ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Study Results ◽

Over Time

Abstract Previous research has shown the beneficial effects of positive psychological assets on health, but more research is needed to confirm the prospective effects on cognitive function. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between psychological well-being and the earliest onset of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults. Data came from 2000 to 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Study sample consisted of 6,225 older adults who were free from cognitive impairment in 2000. Psychological well-being was measured based on seven items that assessed optimism, conscientiousness, self-determination, happiness, self-esteem, pessimism, and loneliness, with responses ranging from “always (1)” to never (5)”. Negative feelings items were reverse coded. Higher score indicated more positive psychological well-being. Cognitive impairment was measured by a Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Respondents scored at or above 24 were regarded as having no cognitive impairment. A multi-category time-varying variable was used to capture four potential outcomes: (1) persistently free of cognitive impairment between waves, (2) onset of cognitive impairment, (3) death between waves, and (4) attrition. Socio-demographics, chronical diseases conditions, functional health status were served as controls. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models that account for clustering of observations within a subject over time were employed for the study. Results show that more positive psychological well-being is significantly associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment onset and death over time. Results suggest that developing more psychological resilience-based intervention programs among older adults may help them delay the onset of cognitive impairment.

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Is there an association between ageist attitudes and frailty?

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-019-1357-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Salguero ◽

Juliana Ferri-Guerra ◽

Nadeem Y. Mohammed ◽

Dhanya Baskaran ◽

Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Frailty Status

Abstract Background Frailty is defined as a state of vulnerability to stressors that is associated with higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilization in older adults. Ageism is “a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old.” Explicit biases involve deliberate or conscious controls, while implicit bias involve unconscious processes. Multiple studies show that self-directed ageism is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether explicit ageist attitudes are associated with frailty in Veterans. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of Veterans 50 years and older who completed the Kogan’s Attitudes towards Older People Scale (KAOP) scale to assess explicit ageist attitudes and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to evaluate implicit ageist attitudes from July 2014 through April 2015. We constructed a frailty index (FI) of 44 variables (demographics, comorbidities, number of medications, laboratory tests, and activities of daily living) that was retrospectively applied to the time of completion of the KAOP and IAT. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression models with frailty status (robust, prefrail and frail) as the outcome variable, and with KAOP and IAT scores as the independent variables. Age, race, ethnicity, median household income and comorbidities were considered as covariates. Results Patients were 89.76% male, 48.03% White, 87.93% non-Hispanic and the mean age was 60.51 (SD = 7.16) years. The proportion of robust, pre-frail and frail patients was 11.02% (n = 42), 59.58% (n = 227) and 29.40% (n = 112) respectively. The KAOP was completed by 381 and the IAT by 339 participants. In multinomial logistic regression, neither explicit ageist attitudes (KAOP scale score) nor implicit ageist attitudes (IAT) were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans after adjusting for covariates: OR = .98 (95% CI = .95–1.01), p = .221, and OR:=.97 (95% CI = .37–2.53), p = .950 respectively. Conclusions This study shows that neither explicit nor implicit ageist attitudes were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans. Further longitudinal and larger studies with more diverse samples and measured with other ageism scales should evaluate the independent contribution of ageist attitudes to frailty in older adults.

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Gratitude and Loneliness: Enhancing Health and Well-Being in Older Adults

Research on Aging ◽

10.1177/0164027519845354 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (8) ◽

pp. 772-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Monica Y. Bartlett ◽

Sarah N. Arpin

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Health Symptoms ◽

Group Self ◽

Health And Well Being ◽

Improve Health

We experimentally investigated gratitude’s impact on loneliness and health in older adults. Participants were assigned to a daily gratitude writing exercise (treatment group) or a control group. Self-reported loneliness and health (i.e., subjective well-being, subjective health, health symptoms) were measured daily over a 3-week period. In support of our hypotheses, within-person variability in gratitude predicted differences in loneliness and health. Furthermore, those in the treatment group showed stronger cumulative effects of gratitude on loneliness and health symptoms when aggregated across the 20-day study. Additionally, a series of conditional, multilevel indirect effect models found that loneliness acted as a mechanism for gratitude’s differential impact on subjective well-being and health symptoms across conditions. Taken together, this study provides initial evidence that a simple gratitude exercise can strengthen associations among daily gratitude and loneliness and, consequently, improve health, for older adults.

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Effects Of Need-Supportive Physical Activity Counseling on Well-Being: A 2-Year Follow-Up Among Sedentary Older Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2012-0497 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1492-1502 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ann-Sophie Van Hoecke ◽

Christophe Delecluse ◽

An Bogaerts ◽

Filip Boen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Physical Activity Counseling ◽

Walking Program ◽

Activity Counseling ◽

Counseling Strategy

Background:This study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of multiple physical activity counseling strategies on subjective health among older adults.Methods:Sedentary older adults (n = 442) were randomized to 3 programs: (1) a one-contact referral to locally organized physical activities, (2) a one-contact provision of a walking program, (3) a 10-week multiple-contact physical activity coaching based on the Self-Determination Theory. Self-reports on well-being, trait anxiety and physical activity were completed at baseline (pretest), and 10 weeks after (10-week follow-up), 1 year after (1-year follow-up) and 2 years after (2-year follow-up) pretests.Results:All 3 programs yielded improvements in well-being and trait anxiety from pretest to 10-week follow-up and to 1-year follow-up. From pretest to 2-year follow-up, no changes emerged in well-being whereas trait anxiety increased significantly. Changes over time in well-being and anxiety were not significantly different between the programs. Changes in physical activity contributed significantly to the prediction of changes in well-being and trait anxiety.Conclusions:The findings demonstrate the year-round effectiveness of physical activity counseling on subjective health among older adults, irrespective of counseling strategy. However, a relapse to baseline level occurred 2 years after the intervention. Physical activity appears to be an important determinant of older adults’ well-being.

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Developing the Art–Technology Intergenerational Community Program for Older Adults' Health and Social Connectedness

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.589589 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jinsil Hwaryoung Seo ◽

Annie Sungkajun ◽

Brittany Garcia

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Adult Population ◽

Intergenerational Relationships ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Video Data ◽

Interactive Art ◽

Art Making ◽

Light Emitting

As the older adult population increases, research investigating how to support their health and well-being has become more urgent. This paper discusses the development of the art–technology intergenerational community (ATIC) program for older adults in Bryan and College Station, Texas. The program's purpose was to help improve older adult's health, well-being, and social connectedness. During the program, participants attended four sessions across 4 weeks, creating interactive art projects such as light-up cards, pop-up cards with light, interactive light painting, and interactive soft circuit ornaments. Preliminary studies allowed researchers to refine making materials by designing easy-to-follow fabricated circuit templates. Participants were able to create interactive art by using various materials such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), copper tape, coin-cell batteries, and conductive thread. A total of 18 participants aged 60–83 participated in the ATIC program. Participants were asked to complete pre- and post-study questionnaires which assessed older adults' subjective health or well-being, feelings of intergenerational connectedness, and attitude about art and technology. Video data were captured for qualitative analysis on the art creation process, cognitive health, and social connectedness of the participants. Our findings show that those who participated in the ATIC program had improved perceptions of their own health and intergenerational relationships. There were also significant differences between pre- and post-study conditions for positive and negative affect. Qualitative results showed that the program participants were engaged in the art-making process and that creations helped to support intergenerational relationships with the student volunteers as well as their own family members.

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The association between elder abuse and childhood adversity: A study of older adults in Malaysia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254717

Author(s):

Mohammad Asyraf ◽

Michael P. Dunne ◽

Noran N. Hairi ◽

Farizah Mohd Hairi ◽

Noraliza Radzali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Childhood Adversity ◽

Well Being ◽

Capital City ◽

Face To Face ◽

Health Clinics ◽

Adverse Childhood

Objectives Childhood adversity has been linked with later victimization of young and middle-aged adults, but few studies have shown persistence of this effect among elders, especially outside of North America. This research examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and elder abuse among older adults aged 60 years and over in Malaysia. Design Cross sectional data were collected via face-to-face interview from June to August 2019. Setting Eight government community health clinics in Kuala Pilah, a district in Negeri Sembilan state approximately 100km from Malaysian capital city Kuala Lumpur. Participants Older adults aged 60 years and above (N = 1984; Mean age 69.2, range 60–93 years) attending all eight government health clinics in the district were recruited for a face-to-face interview about health and well-being. Measurement The Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) were utilized to estimate childhood adversity and elder abuse respectively. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the number of cumulative ACEs and elder abuse. Compared to older adults with no self-reported adversity, those reporting three ACEs (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.84,3.87) or four or more ACEs (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.16, 2.48) had higher risk of any elder abuse occurrence since age 60 years. The effect was most prominent for financial and psychological elder abuse. The associations persisted in multivariate logistic regression models after adjusting for sociodemographic and health factors. Conclusion Early life adversities were significantly associated with victimization of older adults. Social and emotional support to address elder abuse should recognize that, for some men and women, there is a possibility that vulnerability to maltreatment persisted throughout their life course.

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Exercise participation : sleep quality in Thai older adults

10.32469/10355/62493 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Chantra Promnoi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Social Network ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Exercise Participation

Physical activity and social interaction may be related to sleep quality in older adults. This study aimed to explore differences in sleep quality among older adults who performed exercise at elder clubs, older adults who exercised at home, and older adults who did not exercise, as well as identify factors associated with sleep quality in this population. The Symptom Management Model was adopted to guide this study. Using a cross-sectional correlational design, three groups of participants (60 persons per group) who met inclusion criteria were recruited from senior clubs and communities from HatYai District, Songkha Province, Thailand. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences in sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and the Insomnia Severity Index among three groups. Logistic regression was used to estimate the extent to which health conditions, pain, depressive symptoms, social connectedness (social network and social support), and self-reported physical activity predicted sleep quality. No significant differences in sleep quality scores were found among the three groups, although the non-exercise group reported scores indicating poorer sleep quality, compared to the other two groups. Sleep quality was associated with number of health conditions, pain level, depressive symptoms, social connectedness (social network), and physical activity. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that pain and depressive symptoms were significant predictors of sleep quality when controlling for age, gender, education, and marital status. The findings suggest that exercising can positively influence sleep. Healthcare providers should evaluate sleep quality in older adults within the context of their physical and mental health, as well as their social connections.

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Perceived Discrimination, Social Environment, and Older Adults’ Psychological Well-Being

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 462-462

Author(s):

Min-Kyoung Park ◽

Christine Mair

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Environment ◽

Perceived Discrimination ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Well Being ◽

Neighborhood Environment ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Older Americans ◽

The Social

Abstract Experiencing discrimination can have detrimental effects on psychological well-being. For older adults in the U.S., discrimination on the basis of country of origin may be a particularly alienating experience. A positive social environment, however, has been shown to buffer associations between discrimination and poorer psychological well-being. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in a sample of older Americans who perceive discrimination because of country of origin. As the United States continues to diversify and politically polarize, understanding older adults’ experiences with discrimination and identifying potential buffers to these negative effects is increasingly important. We analyze 942 older Americans (aged 50+) from the Psychosocial Module of the most recent wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2020). Specifically, we analyze associations between perceived discrimination on the basis of country of origin and three psychological well-being outcomes: loneliness, anxiety, and life satisfaction. We further test if the social environment buffers negative effects by examining interactions between discrimination and social support as well as discrimination and neighborhood environment. Our results reveal clear and consistent associations between older adults’ perceived discrimination and increased loneliness and decreased life satisfaction. These negative associations, however, appear to be buffered by social support and positive neighborhood environment, respectively. The potential buffering effect of positive social environments on psychological well-being is particularly pronounced for older adults under the age of 65. We discuss these findings in light of the prevalence of discrimination in the U.S. and consider potential mechanisms for improving the social environment of older adults.

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