Associations between PACS symptoms and risk factors among Long Haulers in the Rutgers Post-COVID Recovery Program

Abstract At least 2/3 of people with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection will experience long-haul COVID symptoms that persist for weeks or months, however, risk factors that modify the likelihood that one develops these symptoms are unknown. Patients referred to the Post-COVID Recovery Program at Rutgers in New Brunswick (n= 108) through primary care referral or self-submitted online request and experiencing a wide variety of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) symptoms were stratified by those without self-reported cognitive complaints (n=54), those with self-reported cognitive complaints who scored well on cognitive testing (n=29), and those with self-reported cognitive complaints who scored poorly on cognitive testing (n=25). Comparisons between groups were made using ANOVAs and Chi Squared: for COVID-19 disease severity, COVID-19 disease treatment, comorbid COVID-19 symptoms during infection, comorbid PACS symptoms post-infection, pre-existing health conditions, levels of depression and anxiety, level of fatigue, and social determinants of health (access to healthcare, economic stability, housing stability). Preliminary analyses indicated that whereas people without complaints were normally distributed according to age (p>0.200 for Kolmogorov–Smirnov test), people with complaints and deficits were skewed towards the older age group (p<0.001 for K-S test) suggesting age to be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in PACS. Participants that reported cognitive complaints also reported increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue, compared to participants without cognitive complaints. These data provide insight into associations between PACS symptoms and risk factors relevant in understanding this novel disease.

Download Full-text

Associations of immunometabolic risk factors with symptoms of depression and anxiety: The role of cardiac vagal activity

Brain Behavior and Immunity ◽

10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 493-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mandy X. Hu ◽

Brenda W.J.H. Penninx ◽

Eco J.C. de Geus ◽

Femke Lamers ◽

Dora C.-H. Kuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Symptoms Of Depression

Download Full-text

Considering Depression and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Overlapping Pain and Psychiatric Syndromes ◽

10.1093/med/9780190248253.003.0011 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152-159

Author(s):

Stefan Kindler ◽

Marike Bredow-Zeden

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Facial Pain ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Joint Disorder

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a painful functional disorder of the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated musculoskeletal structures of the head and neck. TMD is a type of chronic pain and is widely used as a model for chronic pain. The etiology of TMD pain is multifactorial. Biological, behavioral, environmental, social, emotional, and cognitive factors can contribute to TMD. TMD can manifest with musculoskeletal facial pain complaints and with different forms of jaw dysfunction. Biobehavioral studies suggest an association between TMD pain and coexisting psychopathology, including depression and anxiety. This chapter presents practical clinical recommendations on how to treat patients with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and TMD pain. The authors underline the importance of considering depression and anxiety as risk factors for TMD.

Download Full-text

Risk Factors for Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety One Year Poststroke: A Longitudinal Study

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 919-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Joyce A. Kootker ◽

Maria L. van Mierlo ◽

Jan C. Hendriks ◽

Judith Sparidans ◽

Sascha M. Rasquin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

One Year

Download Full-text

Cross-sectional relations between psychological inflexibility and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adults reporting migraines or risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.06.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lilian Dindo ◽

Charles P. Brandt ◽

Jess G. Fiedorowicz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Psychological Inflexibility ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression

Download Full-text

106EARLY LIFE RISK FACTORS FOR SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN LATER LIFE: ANALYSIS OF 4 COHORT STUDIES

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afy203.01 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i31-i31

Author(s):

E V Backhouse ◽

S D Shenkin ◽

A McIntosh ◽

I Deary ◽

H Whalley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Later Life ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Life Analysis

Download Full-text

Symptoms of depression and anxiety during adult life: evidence for a decline in prevalence with age

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291798007570 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 1321-1328 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

A. S. HENDERSON ◽

A. F. JORM ◽

A. E. KORTEN ◽

P. JACOMB ◽

H. CHRISTENSEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

Population Sample ◽

Adult Life ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Striking Change

Background. To test the hypothesis that the prevalence, in the general population, of symptoms of depression and anxiety declines with age.Methods. A general population sample of 2725 persons aged 18 to 79 years was administered two inventories for current symptoms of depression and anxiety, together with measures of neuroticism and of exposures that may confer increased risk of such symptoms.Results. Symptoms of depression showed a decline with age in both men and women. For anxiety, the decline was statistically significant for women but not consistently so for men. For the risk factors examined, there was a decline with age in the neuroticism score, the frequency of adverse life events, being seriously short of money and having had parents who separated or divorced. Further analysis showed that the association between age and a declining symptom score cannot be entirely attributed to these risk factors, with the single exception of neuroticism. The latter is itself likely to be contaminated by current symptoms.Conclusion. Unless these findings are due to bias in the sample of those who agreed to participate, they add to the evidence that symptoms of depression and to a lesser extent of anxiety decline in prevalence with age. Some risk factors also decline with age. It now has to be determined if these cross-sectional observations are also to be found in longitudinal data; and what process may underlie this striking change in mental health during adulthood.

Download Full-text

Screening male prisoners for depression and anxiety with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at NHS Healthcheck: patterns of symptoms and caseness threshold

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03453-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Butcher ◽

Christopher Packham ◽

Marie Williams ◽

Joanne Miksza ◽

Adarsh Kaul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Algorithm ◽

Self Report ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Core Symptoms ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

Male Prisoners

Abstract Background Screening for depression and anxiety disorders has been proposed in prison populations but little is known about caseness thresholds on commonly used self-report measures in relation to core symptoms, risk factors and symptom patterns. Method A cross-sectional prevalence survey measured depression and anxiety caseness (threshold scores > 10 and > 15 on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and diagnostic algorithm on PHQ-9) in 1205 male prisoners aged 35–74 years eligible for an NHS Healthcheck from six English prisons. Caseness scores were compared with the presence or absence of daily core symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), demographic, prison and cardiovascular risk factors. Cluster analysis was applied to PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items in prisoners scoring > 10 on PHQ-9. Results 453(37.6%) and 249(20.7%) prisoners scored > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; 216 (17.9%) had a depressive episode on the PHQ-9 algorithm; 378(31.4%) and 217(18.0%) scored > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7 respectively. Daily core items for depression were scored in 232(56.2%) and 139(74.3%) prisoners reaching > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; daily core anxiety items in 282(74.9%) and 179(96.3%) reaching > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7. Young age, prison and previous high alcohol intake were associated with > 15 on the PHQ-9. Cluster analysis showed a cluster with core symptoms of depression, slowness, restlessness, suicidality, poor concentration, irritability or fear. Altered appetite, poor sleep, lack of energy, guilt or worthlessness belonged to other clusters and may not be indicative of depression. Conclusions In male prisoners > 35 years, a score of > 10 on the PHQ-9 over diagnoses depressive episodes but a score of > 10 on the GAD-7 may detect cases of GAD more efficiently. Further research utilising standardised psychiatric interviews is required to determine whether the diagnostic algorithm, a higher cut-off on the PHQ-9 or the profile of symptoms on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 used singly or in combination may be used to screen depressive episodes efficiently in prisoners.

Download Full-text

Neuroticism and Interpretive Bias as Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702620906145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 641-656

Author(s):

Meghan Vinograd ◽

Alexander Williams ◽

Michael Sun ◽

Lyuba Bobova ◽

Kate B. Wolitzky-Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Interpretive Bias ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

General Distress ◽

Prospective Risk

Neuroticism has been associated with depression and anxiety both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Interpretive bias has been associated with depression and anxiety, primarily in cross-sectional and bias induction studies. The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of interpretive bias as a prospective risk factor and a mediator of the relation between neuroticism and depressive and anxious symptoms in young adults assessed longitudinally. Neuroticism significantly predicted a broad general-distress dimension but not intermediate fears and anhedonia-apprehension dimensions or a narrow social-fears dimension. Neuroticism also significantly predicted negative interpretive bias for social scenarios. Negative interpretive bias for social scenarios did not significantly predict dimension scores, nor did it mediate the relation between neuroticism and general distress or social fears. These results suggest that although neuroticism relates to negative interpretive bias, its risk for symptoms of depression and anxiety is at most weakly conferred through negative interpretive bias.

Download Full-text