BODY TYPES AND ASSOCIATION WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS: FINDINGS FROM NHANES 2013-2016

Abstract Older Americans are increasingly affected by overweight and obesity now as compared to previous decades. We examine the prevalence rates and association of Depressive Symptoms (DS) across body types created using the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute recommended body mass index /waist circumference (WC) anthropometric cut off values among older Americans. 3,132 participants, 50 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016 was used for this analysis. Six body types were created using the anthropometric cut off values- normal weight with normal WC, overweight with normal WC, obese with normal WC, normal weight with high WC, overweight with high WC, and obese with high WC. The PHQ-9 score was used to create DS categories (1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, ≥20). The relationship of body types to DS categories was assessed using weighted multinomial logistic regression. The mean (SD) sample age was 63.4 (9.2). Approximately 12.9% of participants had a PHQ-9 score of at least 10. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity and poverty-income ratio, overweight with high WC (OR 7.61, 95% CI 2.37-24.48) had high odds of moderately severe DS. Obese with high WC had high odds of mild DS (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.22-2.52), moderate DS (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.09-4.20) and moderately severe DS (OR 5.59, 95% CI 2.75-11.39) compared to normal weight with normal WC. We demonstrate an association of body types with DS in an aging American population and these findings would not be identified if anthropometric measures were examined separately.

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Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Comparative Cross Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.2.15678/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽

Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽

Charles Apprey ◽

Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽

Catherina Elizabeth Swart

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

P Value ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Consumption ◽

Rural And Urban

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption can reduce the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures, body composition and physical activity among rural and urban Ghanaian adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were also measured. The World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measurements, body composition and dietary consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data and nutrient analysis template was used to analyze 24-hour recall. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. The use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Among urban participants, component 3 (staple pattern) showed a significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r -0.186, p-value 0.013) and BMI (r -0.163, p-value 0.029). Multinomial logistic regression showed that males (AOR 19.715, CI 9.723-39.978, p-value < 0.001) had higher odds of being of normal weight compared to females. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and make affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

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Overweight and Obesity Among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates From a National Survey in 2015

10.20944/preprints202011.0489.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Nationally Representative

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Iraq. Data from a 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 3,916 persons 18 years and older were analysed that responded to a questionnaire, physical and biochemical measures. Multinomial logistic regression was utilized to predict determinants of overweight and obesity relative to under or normal weight. Results indicate that 3.6% of the participants were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m²), 30.8% had normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²), 31.8% were overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m²), and 33.9% had obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, aged 40-49 years (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio-ARRR: 4.47, Confidence Interval-CI: 3.39-5.91), urban residence (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14-2.18), hypertension (ARRR: 3.13, CI: 2.36-4.17) were positively, and male sex (ARRR: 0.47, CI: 0.33-0.68), having more than primary education (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.50-0.94), and larger household size (≥5 members) (ARRR: 0.45, CI: 0.33-0.60) were negativey associated with obesity. About two in three adult participants were overweight/obese, and sociodemographic and health risk factors were found that can be utilized in targeting interventions.

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Association of Sleep Duration and Overweight/Obesity among Children in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17061962 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1962 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jing Fan ◽

Caicui Ding ◽

Weiyan Gong ◽

Fan Yuan ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Family Income ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Restricted Cubic Splines ◽

Positive Effect

To investigate the association of sleep duration with overweight and obesity among children aged 6 to 17 years in China, 2010–2012 data from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHHS) were analyzed. A total of 35,414 children were recruited in the survey. Body mass index (BMI) was converted into three categories: normal weight, overweight and obesity. In multinomial logistic regression model, sleep duration was divided into four groups: very short, short, recommended and long. In restricted cubic splines (RCS), sleep duration was examined as a continuous variable in relation to overweight and obesity. In the very short and short groups, sleep duration was a risk factor for obesity after adjusting for the potential impacts of age, gender, residence, family income, leisure sedentary behavior (SB) and leisure exercise, with OR (Odds Ratio) = 3.01 (95% CI (confidence interval): 2.19–4.15) and OR = 1.24 (95% CI: 1.14–1.35), respectively. The adjusted OR of overweight for short sleep duration relative to a recommended sleep duration was 1.17(95% CI: 1.09–1.26). No significant associations of very short sleep with overweight, of long sleep duration with overweight and obesity were found. The RCS curves between sleep duration and overweight and obesity were both inverted J-shaped. To conclude, the shorter the sleep duration, the higher the risk of overweight and obesity in children. Increasing sleep duration would have a positive effect on reducing overweight and obesity rates in Chinese children.

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Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Risk in Adult Male Twins Enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study

Psychosomatic Medicine ◽

10.1097/01.psy.0000041545.52924.82 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 490-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Jeanne M. McCaffery ◽

Raymond Niaura ◽

John F. Todaro ◽

Gary E. Swan ◽

Dorit Carmelli

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Adult Male ◽

Twin Study ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Blood Institute ◽

National Heart ◽

National Heart Lung

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Social and somatic determinants of underweight, overweight and obesity at 5 years of age: a Norwegian regional cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014548 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. e014548 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hilde Mjell Donkor ◽

Jacob Holter Grundt ◽

Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson ◽

Geir Egil Eide ◽

Jørgen Hurum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Parental Education ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Family Health ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Social Characteristics ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

ObjectiveTo identify associations between the weight groups underweight (UW), overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) at 5 years of age and exposures related to pregnancy, anthropometric measures at birth, sociodemographic factors, and family health, anthropometric measures and habits.DesignRegional cohort study.SettingOppland County, Norway.MethodsPregnancy data were obtained from a prospective perinatal register for children born in the county, and weight and height were measured by midwives at birth and by public health nurses at 5 years. Other information was obtained from questionnaires completed by parents.ParticipantsOf 1895 eligible children, current weight and height were obtained for all, weight and length at birth and information from parents for 1119 (59%) and pregnancy register data for 749 (40%) of the children. The significance of potential explanatory variables from descriptive statistics was tested in multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of UW, OW and OB among participants was 7.8%, 10.6% and 3.5%, respectively. UW was associated with anthropometric measures at birth and those of parents, but not with sociodemographic or behavioural characteristics. OW and OB were associated with anthropometric measures of parents and siblings and with a variety of unfavourable social characteristics, lack of prolonged breast feeding, sedentary behaviour and dental caries, but not with current dietary habits. After adjustments, OW and OB were marginally related to birth parameters and diet and unrelated to physical activity, but significantly related to parental body mass index, low parental education and maternal smoking.ConclusionThe strong associations between sociodemographic and behavioural factors and OW and OB, but not with UW, may suggest that environmental factors are major contributing causes of OW and particularly OB at 5 years. These results may be helpful in targeting preventive measures against OW and OB.

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Challenges and Opportunities for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Adults: Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.016115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

Author(s):

Holly C. Gooding ◽

Samuel S. Gidding ◽

Andrew E. Moran ◽

Nicole Redmond ◽

Norrina B. Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Blood Institute ◽

National Heart ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

National Heart Lung

Abstract Improvements in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates among young adults in the past 2 decades have been offset by increasing racial/ethnic and gender disparities, persistence of unhealthy lifestyle habits, overweight and obesity, and other CVD risk factors. To enhance the promotion of cardiovascular health among young adults 18 to 39 years old, the medical and broader public health community must understand the biological, interpersonal, and behavioral features of this life stage. Therefore, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, with support from the Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research, convened a 2‐day workshop in Bethesda, Maryland, in September 2017 to identify research challenges and opportunities related to the cardiovascular health of young adults. The current generation of young adults live in an environment undergoing substantial economic, social, and technological transformations, differentiating them from prior research cohorts of young adults. Although the accumulation of clinical and behavioral risk factors for CVD begins early in life, and research suggests early risk is an important determinant of future events, few trials have studied prevention and treatment of CVD in participants <40 years old. Building an evidence base for CVD prevention in this population will require the engagement of young adults, who are often disconnected from the healthcare system and may not prioritize long‐term health. These changes demand a repositioning of existing evidence‐based treatments to accommodate new sociotechnical contexts. In this article, the authors review the recent literature and current research opportunities to advance the cardiovascular health of today's young adults.

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Maternal early pregnancy obesity and depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291717003889 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (14) ◽

pp. 2353-2363 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Satu M. Kumpulainen ◽

Polina Girchenko ◽

Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen ◽

Rebecca M. Reynolds ◽

Soile Tuovinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Women ◽

Medical Birth Register ◽

Clinically Significant

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have linked maternal obesity with depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy. It remains unknown whether obesity associates with consistently elevated depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy, predicts symptoms postpartum when accounting for antenatal symptoms, and if co-morbid hypertensive and diabetic disorders add to these associations. We addressed these questions in a sample of Finnish women whom we followed during and after pregnancy.MethodsEarly pregnancy body mass index, derived from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and hospital records in 3234 PREDO study participants, was categorized into underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.99 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2), and obese (⩾30 kg/m2) groups. The women completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale biweekly during pregnancy, and at 2.4 (s.d.= 1.2) and/or 28.2 (s.d.= 4.2) weeks after pregnancy.ResultsIn comparison to normal weight women, overweight, and obese women reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and had higher odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms during (23% and 43%, respectively) and after pregnancy (22% and 36%, respectively). Underweight women had 68% higher odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms after pregnancy. Overweight and obesity also predicted higher depressive symptoms after pregnancy in women not reporting clinically relevant symptomatology during pregnancy. Hypertensive and diabetic disorders did not explain or add to these associations.ConclusionsMaternal early pregnancy overweight and obesity and depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy are associated. Mental health promotion should be included as an integral part of lifestyle interventions in early pregnancy obesity and extended to benefit also overweight and underweight women.

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Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Cross Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.2.15678/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽

Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽

Charles Apprey ◽

Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽

Catherina Elizabeth Swart

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Principal Component ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

P Value ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Consumption ◽

Rural And Urban

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe including sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence used to be low. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption look promising to reducing the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, Body Mass Index (BMI) and body composition among rural and urban Ghanaian adults.Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographics. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were determined. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measures, body composition and consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. Use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Vegetable convenience dietary pattern showed significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r=-0.142, p 0.002), body fat (r=-0.102, p 0.209) and BMI (r=-0.136, p 0.003). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that males (OR 21.968, CI 10.876-44.373, p-value < 0.001) and rural participants (OR 1.684, CI 1.039-2.729, p-value <0.05) had higher odds of being of normal weight.Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and makes affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

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Prevalence of weight excess according to age group in students from Campinas, SP, Brazil

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/0103-0582201432214713 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 200-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvia Diez Castilho ◽

Luciana Bertoldi Nucci ◽

Lucca Ortolan Hansen ◽

Samanta Ramos Assuino

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Private Schools ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of weight excess in children and adolescents attending public and private schools of Campinas, Southeast Brazil, according to age group.METHODS: Cross-sectional study that enrolled 3,130 students from 2010 to 2012. The weight and the height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The students were classified by BMI Z-score/age curves of the World Health Organization (WHO)-2007 (thinness, normal weight, overweight and obesity) and by age group (7-10, 11-14 and 15-18 years). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to verify variables associated to overweight and obesity.RESULTS: Among the 3,130 students, 53.7% attended public schools and 53.4% were girls. The prevalence of weight excess (overweight or obesity) was higher in private schools (37.3%) than in public ones (32.9%) and among males (37.5%), compared to females (32.7%; p<0.05). The chance of having weight excess in children aged 7-10 years was more than twice of those over 15 years old (OR 2.4; 95%CI 2.0-3.0) and it was 60% higher for the group with 11-14 years old (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.3-2.0). The chance of being obese was three times higher in 7-10 years old children than in the adolescents with 15-18 years old (OR 4.4; 95%CI 3.3-6.4) and 130% higher than the group with 11-14 years old (OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.6-3.2).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of weight excess in Campinas keeps increasing at an alarming rate, especially in the younger age group.

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Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates from a National Survey in 2015

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4198

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Nationally Representative

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Iraq. Data from a 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 3916 persons 18 years or older (M (median) age = 40 years, IQR (interquartile range) age = 29–52 years; men: M = 41 years, IQR = 29–54 years; women: M = 40 years, IQR = 30–51 years) who responded to a questionnaire, and physical and biochemical measures were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression was utilised to predict the determinants of overweight and obesity relative to under or normal weight. The results indicate that 3.6% of the participants were underweight (body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2), 30.8% had normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 31.8% were overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and 33.9% had obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, being aged 40–49 years (compared to 18–39 years old) (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR): 4.47, confidence interval (CI): 3.39–5.91), living in an urban residence (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14–2.18), and having hypertension (ARRR: 3.13, CI: 2.36–4.17) were positively associated with obesity. Being male (ARRR: 0.47, CI: 0.33–0.68), having more than primary education (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.50–0.94), and having a larger household size (five members or more) (ARRR: 0.45, CI: 0.33–0.60) were negatively associated with obesity. Approximately two in three adult participants were overweight/obese, and sociodemographic and health risk factors were found that can be utilised in targeting interventions.

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