scholarly journals Social and somatic determinants of underweight, overweight and obesity at 5 years of age: a Norwegian regional cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e014548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Mjell Donkor ◽  
Jacob Holter Grundt ◽  
Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson ◽  
Geir Egil Eide ◽  
Jørgen Hurum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

ObjectiveTo identify associations between the weight groups underweight (UW), overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) at 5 years of age and exposures related to pregnancy, anthropometric measures at birth, sociodemographic factors, and family health, anthropometric measures and habits.DesignRegional cohort study.SettingOppland County, Norway.MethodsPregnancy data were obtained from a prospective perinatal register for children born in the county, and weight and height were measured by midwives at birth and by public health nurses at 5 years. Other information was obtained from questionnaires completed by parents.ParticipantsOf 1895 eligible children, current weight and height were obtained for all, weight and length at birth and information from parents for 1119 (59%) and pregnancy register data for 749 (40%) of the children. The significance of potential explanatory variables from descriptive statistics was tested in multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of UW, OW and OB among participants was 7.8%, 10.6% and 3.5%, respectively. UW was associated with anthropometric measures at birth and those of parents, but not with sociodemographic or behavioural characteristics. OW and OB were associated with anthropometric measures of parents and siblings and with a variety of unfavourable social characteristics, lack of prolonged breast feeding, sedentary behaviour and dental caries, but not with current dietary habits. After adjustments, OW and OB were marginally related to birth parameters and diet and unrelated to physical activity, but significantly related to parental body mass index, low parental education and maternal smoking.ConclusionThe strong associations between sociodemographic and behavioural factors and OW and OB, but not with UW, may suggest that environmental factors are major contributing causes of OW and particularly OB at 5 years. These results may be helpful in targeting preventive measures against OW and OB.

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Comparative Cross Sectional Study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽  
Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽  
Charles Apprey ◽  
Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽  
Catherina Elizabeth Swart
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption can reduce the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures, body composition and physical activity among rural and urban Ghanaian adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were also measured. The World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measurements, body composition and dietary consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data and nutrient analysis template was used to analyze 24-hour recall. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. The use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Among urban participants, component 3 (staple pattern) showed a significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r -0.186, p-value 0.013) and BMI (r -0.163, p-value 0.029). Multinomial logistic regression showed that males (AOR 19.715, CI 9.723-39.978, p-value < 0.001) had higher odds of being of normal weight compared to females. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and make affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

scholarly journals How youth cognitive and sociodemographic factors relate to the development of overweight and obesity in the UK and the USA: a prospective cross-cohort study of the National Child Development Study and National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e033011
Author(s):  
Drew M Altschul ◽  
Christina Wraw ◽  
Catharine R Gale ◽  
Ian J Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Development Study ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesWe investigated how youth cognitive and sociodemographic factors are associated with the aetiology of overweight and obesity. We examined both onset (who is at early risk for overweight and obesity) and development (who gains weight and when).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingWe used data from the US National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 (NLSY) and the UK National Child Development Study (NCDS); most of both studies completed a cognitive function test in youth.Participants12 686 and 18 558 members of the NLSY and NCDS, respectively, with data on validated measures of youth cognitive function, youth socioeconomic disadvantage (eg, parental occupational class and time spent in school) and educational attainment. Height, weight and income data were available from across adulthood, from individuals’ 20s into their 50s.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBody mass index (BMI) for four time points in adulthood. We modelled gain in BMI using latent growth curve models to capture linear and quadratic components of change in BMI over time.ResultsAcross cohorts, higher cognitive function was associated with lower overall BMI. In the UK, 1 SD higher score in cognitive function was associated with lower BMI (β=−0.20, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.06 kg/m²). In America, this was true only for women (β=−0.53, 95% CI −0.90 to −0.15 kg/m²), for whom higher cognitive function was associated with lower BMI. In British participants only, we found limited evidence for negative and positive associations, respectively, between education (β=−0.15, 95% CI −0.26 to −0.04 kg/m²) and socioeconomic disadvantage (β=0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.43 kg/m²) and higher BMI. Overall, no cognitive or socioeconomic factors in youth were associated with longitudinal changes in BMI.ConclusionsWhile sociodemographic and particularly cognitive factors can explain some patterns in individuals’ overall weight levels, differences in who gains weight in adulthood could not be explained by any of these factors.

scholarly journals Sekentei as a Socio-Cultural Determinant of Cognitive Function among Older Japanese People: Findings from the NEIGE Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4480
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Murayama ◽  
Shigeru Inoue ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Naoki Fukui ◽  
Yuichi Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Societal Pressure

Sekentei (social appearance) is a Japanese concept that describes a person’s sense of implicit societal pressure to conform to social norms. However, evidence of a relationship between sekentei and health outcomes is sparse. This study examined the association between sekentei and cognitive function among community-dwelling older Japanese people. Baseline data were obtained from the Neuron to Environmental Impact across Generations (NEIGE) study conducted in 2017; 526 randomly sampled community-dwelling individuals aged 65–84 years living in Tokamachi, Niigata Prefecture, Japan were analyzed. The 12-item Sekentei Scale was used to assess sekentei. Cognitive function levels were evaluated with the Japanese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J; ranging from 0–30). Approximately 10% and 25% had cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, respectively (MMSE-J scores of ≤23 and 24–26, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that both high and low levels of sekentei were associated with lower cognitive function, particularly mild cognitive impairment, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, health conditions, and genetic factors. The current findings suggest that a moderate level of sekentei consciousness is beneficial for cognitive health, and that sekentei could be an important socio-cultural factor affecting cognitive function.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic settings and food consumption patterns of 2–5-year-old children in developed countries: a scoping review

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1495-1509
Author(s):  
Se’era May Anstruther ◽  
Erin Barbour-Tuck ◽  
Hassan Vatanparast
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

Introduction: Early childhood overweight and obesity, as a result of unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary life, is a growing global public health concern, particularly in Canada. There are limited data on how socioeconomic factors influence dietary habits of young children living in developed countries. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to examine the existing literature on how socioeconomic settings influence food consumption patterns of children 2–5 years old in developed countries. The inclusion criteria were relevant articles in the English language between 2007 and 2019. Results: From the initial 1854 articles, only 12 articles from Europe, Canada, and the United States met the inclusion criteria. There are differences in eating patterns of preschool-aged children based on parental education, whereas income level did not have a clear influence on dietary patterns. The existing studies suffer from a variety of limitations that limit a cohesive conclusion. Conclusion: Studies with children 2–5 years old are scarce. Parental education seems to influence the dietary habits of young children, whereas the role of income is not clear. There is a need for further high-quality research, preferably longitudinal studies, to inform health promotion initiatives and preventive strategies to facilitate healthy growth and development in young children.

scholarly journals BODY TYPES AND ASSOCIATION WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS: FINDINGS FROM NHANES 2013-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S270-S271
Author(s):  
Queendaleen C Chukwurah ◽  
Lydia Bazzano
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
High Odds ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
National Heart Lung

Abstract Older Americans are increasingly affected by overweight and obesity now as compared to previous decades. We examine the prevalence rates and association of Depressive Symptoms (DS) across body types created using the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute recommended body mass index /waist circumference (WC) anthropometric cut off values among older Americans. 3,132 participants, 50 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016 was used for this analysis. Six body types were created using the anthropometric cut off values- normal weight with normal WC, overweight with normal WC, obese with normal WC, normal weight with high WC, overweight with high WC, and obese with high WC. The PHQ-9 score was used to create DS categories (1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, ≥20). The relationship of body types to DS categories was assessed using weighted multinomial logistic regression. The mean (SD) sample age was 63.4 (9.2). Approximately 12.9% of participants had a PHQ-9 score of at least 10. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity and poverty-income ratio, overweight with high WC (OR 7.61, 95% CI 2.37-24.48) had high odds of moderately severe DS. Obese with high WC had high odds of mild DS (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.22-2.52), moderate DS (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.09-4.20) and moderately severe DS (OR 5.59, 95% CI 2.75-11.39) compared to normal weight with normal WC. We demonstrate an association of body types with DS in an aging American population and these findings would not be identified if anthropometric measures were examined separately.

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Cross Sectional Study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽  
Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽  
Charles Apprey ◽  
Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽  
Catherina Elizabeth Swart
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe including sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence used to be low. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption look promising to reducing the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, Body Mass Index (BMI) and body composition among rural and urban Ghanaian adults.Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographics. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were determined. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measures, body composition and consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. Use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Vegetable convenience dietary pattern showed significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r=-0.142, p 0.002), body fat (r=-0.102, p 0.209) and BMI (r=-0.136, p 0.003). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that males (OR 21.968, CI 10.876-44.373, p-value < 0.001) and rural participants (OR 1.684, CI 1.039-2.729, p-value <0.05) had higher odds of being of normal weight.Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and makes affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

scholarly journals Body mass index, physical activity and dietary behaviours among adolescents in the Kingdom of Tonga

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Smith ◽  
P Phongsavan ◽  
D Havea ◽  
V Halavatau ◽  
T Chey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents using international and ethnic-specific cut-off points and to examine patterns of physical activity and dietary behaviours.DesignCross-sectional analytical study.SettingSchools on Tongatapu, Vava'u and Hapa'ai islands in the Kingdom of Tonga.SubjectsA total of 443 school students aged 11–16 years underwent anthropometric measures of height and weight and provided self-reported measures of physical activity and dietary behaviours.ResultsMean body mass index (BMI) was higher among girls than boys (23.7 kg m− 2vs. 21.8 kg m− 2) and tended to increase with age. A total of 36.0% of boys and 53.8% of girls were overweight or obese using the international cut-off points, whereas 25.0% of boys and 37.6% of girls were classified in this way using Polynesian-specific cut-off points. Tinned mutton or beef was the food that most participants (56.9%) reported eating once or more per day. Over half of the young people did not eat taro, fruit or vegetables at least once per day. Regular physical activity outside of school hours was reported by 20.7% of respondents, and 58.2% watched 1 h or more of television per day. Physical activity participation was the only behaviour independently associated with a lower risk of overweight or obesity.ConclusionsUsing Polynesian-specific cut-off points for overweight and obesity the prevalence of these conditions was still among the highest found in adolescents. The prevalence of physical inactivity and poor dietary habits indicate that risk factors for chronic disease are well established during adolescence in Tonga.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index in Mother and Child Dyads and its Association With Household Size and Parents’ Education in 2 Urban Settings of Yucatan, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Cauich-Viñas ◽  
Hugo Azcorra ◽  
Luis Rodríguez ◽  
Sudip Datta Banik ◽  
Maria Ines Varela-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Household Size ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mother And Child

Background:Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) coexists in mother–child dyads. However, a dearth of evidence on the factors associated with this phenomenon calls for research.Objective:To analyze the association of sociodemographic factors with OW/OB in a sample of 260 Maya mother–child dyads from Yucatan, Mexico.Methods:During 2011 to 2014, we measured height and weight in children and their mothers and calculated their body mass index (BMI). The OW/OB cutoff points were defined, for mothers, as having a BMI >25 kg/m2and, for children, as having a BMI-for-age >2 standard deviation of the World Health Organization references. Mother–child dyads were grouped according to their BMI status: (1) normal weight mother and child, (2) normal weight mother and OW/OB child, (3) OW/OB mother and normal weight child, and (4) OW/OB mother and child. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the interrelationships among BMI status in mother–child dyads, household size, and parental education.Results:Overweight/obesity coexisted in 40% of dyads. Compared to normal weight dyads (1), each unit increase in household size and in years of maternal education decreased the risks of the coexistence of OW/OB in mother–child dyads (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.94, P = .015; OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.94, P = .019, respectively). Conversely, each year increase in paternal education increased the risk for OW/OB in dyads (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.08-1.99, P = .015).Conclusions:Results suggest that household size and parental education contribute to shape BMI-based nutritional status in this sample of mother–child dyads.

scholarly journals Contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of adults from the French NutriNet-Santé study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Lucien Martinez ◽  
Benjamin Allès ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveConcerns have been raised about the potential health impact of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the diet. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of UPF in the diet in a large French population and its association with sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns.DesignCross-sectional analysis of dietary data from 74 470 participants in the web-based NutriNet-Santé cohort. UPF were identified in repeated 24 h records and the proportion (in weight) of UPF in the total diet (UPFp) was computed for each participant. Associations of sociodemographic characteristics and UPFp in quartiles were assessed using multivariate multinomial logistic regression. Food group consumption and nutrient intakes across quartiles of UPFp were estimated using linear regression adjusted for sociodemographic factors and energy intake.SettingFrance.ResultsUPF contributed 18·4 % of the foods consumed in weight and 35·9 % of total energy intake. Higher UPFp consumption was independently associated with male gender, younger age, lower education, smoking, and overweight and obesity (all P<0·0001). Participants in the highest UPFp quartile consumed lower amounts of fruit and vegetables (difference between quartile 4 and quartile 1 of UPFp, Δ=−180·3 g/d) and higher amounts of sweet products (Δ=68·5 g/d) and soft drinks (Δ=98·6 g/d; all P<0·0001). They had higher intakes of energy (Δ=610 kJ/d (145·7 kcal/d)) and added sugar (Δ=17·1 g/d), and lower intakes of fibre (Δ=−4·04 g/d), β-carotene (Δ=−1019·6 μg/d) and Ca (Δ=−87·8 mg/d; all P<0·0001).ConclusionsUPF represent an important part of the diet in adults from the French general population and are associated with unbalanced nutritional intakes.

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