scholarly journals Power, control, communities and health inequalities. Part II: measuring shifts in power

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ponsford ◽  
Michelle Collins ◽  
Matt Egan ◽  
Emma Halliday ◽  
Sue Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collective Control ◽  
Health Empowerment ◽  
Health Field

Abstract In the health field, there is great interest in the role empowerment might play in reducing social inequalities in health. Empowerment is understood here as the processes of developing capabilities that individuals and/or communities need to exercise control over decisions and actions impacting on their lives and health. There is a fundamental problem, however, in identifying and measuring capabilities for collective control that emerge at the level of the collective, with much of the existing literature focusing on individual measures even where community-level processes are concerned. Collective measures need to capture the dynamics of interactions within and between groups, not simply aggregate individual-level measures. This article, Part 2 in a three-part series, takes up the challenge of identifying qualitative markers of capabilities for collective control. We applied the emancipatory power framework (EPF) reported in Part 1 of the series, to qualitative data generated during a longitudinal evaluation of a major English area-based empowerment initiative, the Big Local (BL). We identified empirical ‘markers’ of shifts towards greater collective control pertaining to each of the ‘power’ dimensions in the EPF—‘power within’, ‘power with’ and ‘power to’—and markers of communities exercising ‘power over’ other institutions/community members. These markers can usefully be applied in the evaluation planning and evaluation of empowerment initiatives. Part 3 in the series uses these markers and a second analytical framework developed during our evaluation of BL to explore how power dynamics unfold in participatory spaces in BL neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Power, control, communities and health inequalities I: theories, concepts and analytical frameworks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Popay ◽  
Margaret Whitehead ◽  
Ruth Ponsford ◽  
Matt Egan ◽  
Rebecca Mead
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Collective Control ◽  
Communities Of Place ◽  
Analytical Frameworks ◽  
Health Field ◽  
Original Concept

Summary This is Part I of a three-part series on community empowerment as a route to greater health equity. We argue that community ‘empowerment’ approaches in the health field are increasingly restricted to an inward gaze on community psycho-social capacities and proximal neighbourhood conditions, neglecting the outward gaze on political and social transformation for greater equity embedded in foundational statements on health promotion. We suggest there are three imperatives if these approaches are to contribute to increased equity. First, to understand pathways from empowerment to health equity and drivers of the depoliticisation of contemporary empowerment practices. Second, to return to the original concept of empowerment processes that support communities of place/interest to develop capabilities needed to exercise collective control over decisions and actions in the pursuit of social justice. Third, to understand, and engage with, power dynamics in community settings. Based on our longitudinal evaluation of a major English community empowerment initiative and research on neighbourhood resilience, we propose two complementary frameworks to support these shifts. The Emancipatory Power Framework presents collective control capabilities as forms of positive power. The Limiting Power Framework elaborates negative forms of power that restrict the development and exercise of a community’s capabilities for collective control. Parts II and III of this series present empirical findings on the operationalization of these frameworks. Part II focuses on qualitative markers of shifts in emancipatory power in BL communities and Part III explores how power dynamics unfolded in these neighbourhoods.

An Intimate Yet Anglo-Centric Account of a Renaissance Human Rights Man

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Dilek Kurban
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Legal Scholar ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social

In his well-researched biography, Mike Chinoy chronicles Kevin Boyle's life and career as a scholar, activist and lawyer, bringing to light his under-appreciated role in the civil rights movement in Northern Ireland and the efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict, as well as his contributions to human rights movements in the United Kingdom, Europe and the world. Are You With Me? is an important contribution to the literature on the actors who have shaped the norms, institutions and operations of human rights. In its efforts to shed light on one man, the book offers a fresh alternative to state-centric accounts of the origins of human rights. The book offers a portrait of a social movement actor turned legal scholar who used the law to contest the social inequalities against the minority community to which he belonged and to push for a solution to the underlying political conflict, as well as revelations of the complex power dynamics between human rights lawyers and the social movements they represent. In these respects Are You With Me? also provides valuable insights for socio-legal scholars, especially those focusing on legal mobilisation. At the same time the book could have provided a fuller and more complex biographical account had Chinoy been geographically and linguistically comprehensive in selecting his interviewees. The exclusion of Kurdish lawyers and human rights advocates is noticeable, particularly in light of the inclusion of Boyle's local partners in other contexts, such as South Africa.

Green Care: social entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Heike Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Social Farming

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a sector-based analysis of the drivers for social entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses qualitative data from two studies in the Danish region of Northern Jutland. The data include responses from 38 farmers who offered or had considered offering social services. The analytical framework is taken from a review of the limited literature on Green Care and Social Farming and social entrepreneurship theory. Findings – Strong and consistent tools for the categorisation of farmers’ social entrepreneurship have been developed. However, these tools have merely been used descriptively rather than to create proactive agriculture policies to facilitate social entrepreneurship. In Region Northern Jutland social entrepreneurship in farming is driven by a combination of tradition, close relationships and coincidence. It is ad hoc, with each initiative starting from scratch because no knowledge or experience has been gathered or distributed. Research limitations/implications – The agricultural sector-based approach to social entrepreneurship will not be discussed against other approaches to social entrepreneurship. This would be a suggestion for another more conceptual kind of article in the future. Originality/value – A study of social entrepreneurship among farmers has not yet been coupled with a sector-based analytical framework. This paper contributes to the literature of social entrepreneurship by supplementing with an agricultural sector-based approach.

scholarly journals The Rohingya Little Local: exploring innovative models of refugee engagement in Sydney, Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Amy Bestman ◽  
Jane Lloyd ◽  
Barbara Hawkshaw ◽  
Jawat Kabir ◽  
Elizabeth Harris
Keyword(s):  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
Collective Control ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The City ◽  
Priority Population ◽  
Sydney Australia

The Rohingya community living in the City of Canterbury-Bankstown in Sydney have been identified as a priority population with complex health needs. As part of ongoing work, AU$10000 was provided to the community to address important, self-determined, health priorities through the Can Get Health in Canterbury program. Program staff worked with community members to support the planning and implementation of two community-led events: a soccer (football) tournament and a picnic day. This paper explores the potential for this funding model and the effect of the project on both the community and health services. Data were qualitatively analysed using a range of data sources within the project. These included, attendance sheets, meeting minutes, qualitative field notes, staff reflections and transcripts of focus group and individual discussions. This analysis identified that the project: (1) enabled community empowerment and collective control over funding decisions relating to their health; (2) supported social connection among the Australian Rohingya community; (3) built capacity in the community welfare organisation –Burmese Rohingya Community Australia; and (4) enabled reflective practice and learnings. This paper presents an innovative model for engaging with refugee communities. Although this project was a pilot in the Canterbury community, it provides knowledge and learnings on the engagement of refugee communities with the health system in Australia.

scholarly journals Indigenous Knowledge Degradation of Lom community, Bangka Island in identifying and using Pelawan Padang (Tristaniopsis merguensis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salpa Hartanto ◽  
Yohana C Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Eko Baroto Walujo
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Pelawan padang (Tristaniopsis merguensis) plays an important role in providing daily needs including goods and services for Lom community in Bangka island. Recently,  modernization has an impact on the indigenous knowledge related to plants utilization in Lom community, especially pelawan padang. The aims of the study were to analyze the roles and benefits and to determine ethnobotanical knowledge changes of Lom people on the use of pelawan padang. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) was used to analyze the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistic. The result showed that pelawan padang can be used for material construction, firewood, honey production, traditional medicine and material of bagan traditional stilt houses. The degradation of indigenous knowledge of Lom people related to natural resources such as pelawan padang could be assessed according to individual factors which were; age classes and occupation. More respondents aged over 40 years showed the ability in identifying and using Pelawan padang compared to the younger (25-40 years old). According to occupational group,  there was higher number of unemployed respondents and respondents working as farmers that used pelawan padang compared to respondents working as employee. No difference was found for tribal leaders and community members regarding to the knowledge of Pelawan padang benefits. This study provides the latest information about the benefits of plants from the Lom Community that can be developed through the further research, especially for the benefits pelawan padang as a drug.

South Africa and the Question of Hegemony in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola Ogunnubi ◽  
Adeoye Akinola
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
African State ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Development Paradigm

This article examines the viability of mainstream neo-realist international relations scholarship for understanding regional power dynamics within Africa by offering a critical evaluation of the categorization of South Africa as a hegemonic power on the continent. Using the theoretical framework of hegemonic stability theory, it argues that there is a somewhat weak link between South Africa’s foreign policy character and its hegemonic disposition in Africa. The South African state, which is the driving force for political, economic and foreign policy processes, is itself subordinate in relation to international capital and lacks the influence expected of a regional hegemon. Despite South Africa’s development, the article demonstrates that its dependency provides the theoretical construct for understanding the country’s ambiguous hegemonic projection. This analytical framework captures the crux of the “hegemonic debate” as well as other conversations in relation to the adaptation of the concept of hegemony to Africa. Therefore, any application of the hegemonic discourse to South Africa necessarily requires a deeper understanding that takes cognizance of the fact that country’s regional hegemony operates within the orbit of a dependent-development paradigm in the global economic order, a neo-liberal order that continues to deepen Africa’s dependency syndrome. Dependency, as well as other complexities, impedes the reality of South Africa’s hegemonic ambitions in Africa.

Study abroad, human capital development, language commodification, and social inequalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Goldoni
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Capital Development

Abstract Neoliberal discourse has seeped into various practices of higher education and study abroad (SA), emphasizing the value of human capital development through international education and foreign language learning. Applied linguists have been strongly critiquing neoliberal ideologies, and how they reproduce social inequalities. In this study, the examples of Albert, Theresa, and Rebecca, three U.S. undergraduates in Spain, exhibit how elements of neoliberal discourse and the consumerist notion of second language education as a commodity perpetuate social inequalities abroad and at home. These students were part of an ethnographic study (2007–2008) that included 117 U.S. undergraduates enrolled in four academic SA programs in Spain. The stories of Albert, Theresa, and Rebecca are significant because they had traction within their SA cohort. The consumerist notion of education as a commodity was employed as the analytical framework in conjunction with Bourdieu’s concept of capital (1986). This study problematizes the neoliberal logic and the promise of human capital development associated with language learning through SA. It calls for more diversity, equity, inclusion in SA. A social justice pedagogical paradigm is discussed as a valid, alternative approach to help students emphasize humanistic imperatives over individualist imperatives, gain global understanding, and contribute to world justice.

scholarly journals CROSS-SECTOR COLLABORATION TO BUILD DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY BUSINESSES: ENGAGING STUDENTS IN PUBLIC ISSUES IN AGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S726-S726
Author(s):  
Lesa L Huber ◽  
Amanda Mosier ◽  
Victoria Abramenaka-Lachheb
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Measured Change ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The University ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Abstract Despite a nationwide campaign to build dementia friendly communities, increasing awareness and engagement with programs like Dementia Friendly Businesses remains a challenge for local champions. To create welcoming environments for people living with dementia (PLWD), communities may benefit from cross-sector collaboration. Fundamental to collaborative efforts is the conviction that individuals, families, businesses, organizations, and institutions each play a role in reducing the stigma associated with dementia and facilitating welcoming environments. This exploratory study considers the outcomes of a cross-sector collaboration between a university, a hospital, individual community members, and students to build awareness of the need for new norms that reduce stigma for people living with dementia. We measured change at each ecological level. Through this collaboration, 61 local businesses and organizations are now DFB certified, 350 individuals have participated in training, and 150 students have joined 12 community trainers to advocate for dementia friendly spaces. Students’ survey responses show that 75% agree or strongly agree that the project engaged them in a meaningful real world experience and advocating for the need for dementia friendly spaces. PLWD provide qualitative data on feeling welcomed in the community. The university and hospital co-created an online open access dementia friendly training taken by 89 people in 6 months. 150 community members came together for a day-long workshop to build capacity and innovate solutions. Implications of the project suggest that changing cultural norms about dementia requires creative solutions that meaningfully engage individuals, organizations, institutions, and communities to collaborate across multiple sectors

scholarly journals Extending the reach and impact of management research: a question of legitimacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
David J. Finch ◽  
John Nadeau ◽  
Bill Foster ◽  
Norm O’Reilly ◽  
Kim Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Career Stage ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Community

Purpose The issues associated with the production and dissemination of management research have been widely debated amongst administrators, scholars and policymakers for decades. However, few studies to date have examined this issue at the level of the individual scholar. The purpose of this paper is to view a management scholar’s choice of knowledge dissemination (KD) outlets as a legitimacy judgment embedded in their social structure and community norms. Design/methodology/approach To explore this, the authors conduct a sequential mixed-methods study. The study uses qualitative methods, including one-on-one interviews (n=29) and five workshops (n=79) with administrators, management scholars, students and external community members (practitioners and policymakers). In addition, the authors analyzed the KD outcomes of 524 management scholars at seven Canadian universities drawn from a stratified sample of business schools. Findings The results of the research demonstrate the complex interaction between individual scholar-level factors, including socialization (degree type and practitioner experience) and tenure, and the institutional-level factors, such as strategic orientation and accreditation, and how these influence KD judgments. Specifically, the authors find that institutional factors (such as tenure and promotion) are a central predictor of scholarly KD; in contrast, the authors find that individual-level factors including degree, professional experience and career stage influence non-scholarly KD. Originality/value The results suggest that as management scholars face increasing pressure to demonstrate impact beyond academia, it may be more difficult than simply adapting the reward system. Specifically, the authors suggest that administrators and policymakers will have to consider individual factors, including their academic training (including interdisciplinary training), previous practitioner experience and career stage.

scholarly journals Cultural Leverage

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 243S-282S ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Fisher ◽  
Deborah L. Burnet ◽  
Elbert S. Huang ◽  
Marshall H. Chin ◽  
Kathleen A. Cagney
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Patient Navigators ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health ◽  
Care System

The authors reviewed interventions using cultural leverage to narrow racial disparities in health care. Thirty-eight interventions of three types were identified: interventions that modified the health behaviors of individual patients of color, that increased the access of communities of color to the existing health care system, and that modified the health care system to better serve patients of color and their communities. Individual-level interventions typically tapped community members' expertise to shape programs. Access interventions largely involved screening programs, incorporating patient navigators and lay educators. Health care interventions focused on the roles of nurses, counselors, and community health workers to deliver culturally tailored health information. These interventions increased patients' knowledge for self-care, decreased barriers to access, and improved providers' cultural competence. The delivery of processes of care or intermediate health outcomes was significantly improved in 23 interventions. Interventions using cultural leverage show tremendous promise in reducing health disparities, but more research is needed to understand their health effects in combination with other interventions.

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