scholarly journals 13. Taking Stock of Integration Theory

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Wiener ◽  
Thomas Diez
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

This volume has examined the state of the art in European integration theorizing with chapters which have presented and reflected upon the core theoretical contributions that have been developed since the early stages of studying European integration and governance. This concluding chapter provides a historical overview of the type and focus of each theoretical approach to European integration. It compares the respective strengths and weaknesses of each approach according to the definitions of ‘theorizing’ and ‘integration’ developed in the introduction. It also considers the first edition’s outlook on constitutional development and identifies current challenges that lie ahead. It argues that the different theoretical perspectives discussed in this edition demonstrate an emerging robustness of European integration theory. It suggests that the variation in approaching the respective ‘test cases’ of European enlargement reveals the need for both rigorously prescriptive and normative approaches to European integration.

5. Intergovernmentalism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Cini
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Liberal Intergovernmentalism ◽  
Stanley Hoffmann

This chapter examines intergovernmentalist integration theory, with particular emphasis on the classical and liberal variants of intergovernmentalism. It begins with an overview of the basic premises and assumptions of intergovernmentalism, focusing on its realist underpinnings and the state-centrism that forms the core of the approach. It then considers the specific characteristics of the classical approach associated with the work of Stanley Hoffmann, along with some of the ways in which intergovernmentalist thinking has contributed to different conceptualizations of European integration. Also discussed are confederalism, the domestic politics approach, institutional analyses that emphasize the ‘locked-in’ nature of nation states within the integration process, and new intergovernmentalism. The chapter concludes with an introduction to liberal intergovernmentalism theory, as developed by Andrew Moravcsik, and some of the criticisms levelled against it.

Testing Graphical User Interfaces

2011 ◽  
pp. 3739-3744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymie Strecker ◽  
Atif M. Memon
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Graphical User Interfaces ◽  
The State ◽  
Regression Testing ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Test Oracles ◽  
Gui Testing ◽  
The Many ◽  
Technological World

This chapter describes the state of the art in testing GUI-based software. Traditionally, GUI testing has been performed manually or semimanually, with the aid of capture- replay tools. Since this process may be too slow and ineffective to meet the demands of today’s developers and users, recent research in GUI testing has pushed toward automation. Model-based approaches are being used to generate and execute test cases, implement test oracles, and perform regression testing of GUIs automatically. This chapter shows how research to date has addressed the difficulties of testing GUIs in today’s rapidly evolving technological world, and it points to the many challenges that lie ahead.

Ex-Vessel Coolability Analysis for a Belgian NPP

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarne R. Verpoorten ◽  
Miche`le Auglaire ◽  
Frank Bertels
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Damage ◽  
Accident Management ◽  
Lower Head ◽  
Core Cooling

During a hypothetical Severe Accident (SA), core damage is to be expected due to insufficient core cooling. If the lack of core cooling persists, the degradation of the core can continue and could lead to the presence of corium in the lower plenum. There, the thermo-mechanical attack of the lower head by the corium could eventually lead to vessel failure and corium release to the reactor cavity pit. In this paper, it is described how the international state-of-the-art knowledge has been applied in combination with plant-specific data in order to obtain a custom Severe Accident Management (SAM) approach and hardware adaptations for existing NPPs. Also the interest of Tractebel Engineering in future SA research projects related to this topic will be addressed from the viewpoint of keeping the analysis up-to-date with the state-of-the art knowledge.

scholarly journals Ontology mapping: the state of the art

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANNIS KALFOGLOU ◽  
MARCO SCHORLEMMER
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Ontology Mapping ◽  
Distributed Environment ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Multiple Ontologies ◽  
The Web

Ontology mapping is seen as a solution provider in today's landscape of ontology research. As the number of ontologies that are made publicly available and accessible on the Web increases steadily, so does the need for applications to use them. A single ontology is no longer enough to support the tasks envisaged by a distributed environment like the Semantic Web. Multiple ontologies need to be accessed from several applications. Mapping could provide a common layer from which several ontologies could be accessed and hence could exchange information in semantically sound manners. Developing such mappings has been the focus of a variety of works originating from diverse communities over a number of years. In this article we comprehensively review and present these works. We also provide insights on the pragmatics of ontology mapping and elaborate on a theoretical approach for defining ontology mapping.

scholarly journals Burnout: de stand van zaken

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toon Taris ◽  
Irene Houtman ◽  
Wilmar Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The One

Burnout: the state of the art Burnout: the state of the art This manuscript presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in burnout research. Burnout is a work-related syndrome of extreme fatigue (exhaustion), distancing from work (cynicism), and low levels of professional efficacy, that is rooted in either the characteristics of one’s job or on individual’s way of coping with these characteristics. Being a work-related phenomenon, burnout can be distinguished from other, more general mental illness such as depression. Further, burnout and engagement can be distinguished as well.Burnout can be assessed by asking workers about their personal and subjective experience of their health. Objective ways of measuring burnout (e.g., using psychophysiological measures) have as yet not been useful. The emphasis on burnout as a work-related phenomenon is also evident from current theoretical perspectives. On the one hand, these perspectives highlight the role of work-related factors, whereas on the other hand these perspectives focus on the role of personality characteristics such as neuroticism and (over-)commitment. Burnout affects the organization as well as individual workers; it is related to elevated levels of sickness absence, a higher risk of work disability, and a lower level of work performance. Both person-directed and organization-directed interventions may affect burnout positively.

scholarly journals A Biscriptual Morphological Transducer for Crimean Tatar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Tyers ◽  
Jonathan N. Washington ◽  
Darya Kavitskaya ◽  
Memduh Gökırmak
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Full Range ◽  
The State ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
The Core ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Morphological Modelling ◽  
Crimean Tatar

This paper describes a weighted finite-state morphological transducer for Crimean Tatar able to analyse and generate in both Latin and Cyrillic orthographies. This transducer was developed by a team including a community member and language expert, a field linguist who works with the community, a Turkologist with computational linguistics expertise, and an experienced computational linguist with Turkic expertise. Dealing with two orthographic systems in the same transducer is challenging as they employ different strategies to deal with the spelling of loan words and encode the full range of the language's phonemes and their interaction. We develop the core transducer using the Latin orthography and then design a separate transliteration transducer to map the surface forms to Cyrillic. To help control the non-determinism in the orthographic mapping, we use weights to prioritise forms seen in the corpus. We perform an evaluation of all components of the system, finding an accuracy above 90% for morphological analysis and near 90% for orthographic conversion. This comprises the state of the art for Crimean Tatar morphological modelling, and, to our knowledge, is the first biscriptual single morphological transducer for any language.

scholarly journals The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Status ◽  
One Stop

Even as the acknowledgment that “behavior is a function of an interaction between the person and situation” has attained the status of a truism in psychology, the study of situations has lagged far behind the study of persons. This imbalance has begun to be remedied in recent years, with the development of assessment instruments and new theoretical perspectives for understanding situations. More and more papers are being published, symposia and even entire conferences are being devoted to the interplay of persons and situations, and research is progressing rapidly. This handbook offers an extensive review of the research on psychological situations, providing a one-stop source for readings on the state of the art of theory, methods, findings, and applications in this burgeoning field. The handbook chapters are written by experts in their respective research areas and are conveniently organized along these themes. Bringing together historical reviews, theoretical pieces, methodological descriptions, and empirical applications, this volume is the definitive, go-to source for a psychology of situations.

A Novel Strategy for the Identification of Radiation Force Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman M. Janssen ◽  
Henk Jansen ◽  
Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Subspace Identification ◽  
Domain Identification

A novel frequency domain identification (FDI) strategy for the identification of radiation force models from frequency domain hydrodynamic data is proposed. First, a subspace identification method is augmented with a convex constraint that guarantees a stable solution. Then, in a second convex optimization problem, constraints on low- and high frequency asymptotic behavior and passivity are enforced. This novel method, constrained frequency domain subspace identification (CFDSI), is validated by comparing both SISO and MIMO CFDSI results with the state-of-the-art FDI toolbox, which is part of the Marine Systems Simulator MATLAB toolbox. In two test cases, it is shown that the novel algorithm can successfully identify a model with either a SISO or MIMO structure, where stability, passivity and the desired low- and high-frequency asymptotic behavior are guaranteed. For the two test cases presented, the quality of the CFDSI models matches the quality of the state-of-the-art FDI models.

Modeling Friction Wedges: Part I — The State-of-the-Art

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Klauser
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Software Package ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Technology Center ◽  
Future Work

The friction wedge is a critical component in the three-piece truck. This paper describes the current approach for modeling friction wedges and compares its implementation in the commercially available NUCARS™ and VAMPIRE® vehicle dynamics codes. NUCARS™ is a software package developed by Transportation Technology Center, Inc., while VAMPIRE® is a package developed by AEA Technology plc. Sample results from both codes are presented based on standalone test cases. Shortcomings of the “state-of-the-art” model are described and directions for future work are proposed.

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