P–470 Sex in the time of Covid–19: Examining the sexual behavior and sexual desire of female adults in Hong Kong

Abstract Study question How are sexual behavior and sexual desire of Hong Kong women affected during the Covid–19 pandemic? Summary answer The Covid–19 pandemic has a negative impact on the sexual life of adult women, in particular, single women who do not have a live-in partner. What is known already Since the beginning of the Covid–19 pandemic, there have been ongoing debates on whether lockdown measures would do more harm on individuals or families who are already living in fear of virus infection. Some studies have shown that despite social distancing and measures that limit contact and interaction, women, particularly those who are either married or have a stable partner, were found to be sexually more active and reported stronger emotional bonding with their partners during lockdown. This study attempts to examine any significant changes in sexual behavior and sexual desire of adult females in Hong Kong during the pandemic. Study design, size, duration This is a cross-sectional online study examining the sexual behaviors among female adults. The survey was conducted in Hong Kong between July and August 2020, in which the city has been locked down. Participants/materials, setting, methods Six hundred and two Chinese female adults (mean age = 32±7.09) were recruited through social media and community networks. Respondents completed the Desire Domain of the Female Sexual Function Index and self-reported frequency of sexual behavior before and during the Covid–19 pandemic. T-tests and ANOVAs were used to compare sexual behavior and sexual desire across demographic groups. Linear regression was conducted with sexual behavior and sexual desire as criterion variable and demographic characteristics as predictors. Main results and the role of chance Women reported significantly lower frequency of sexual behavior during the Covid–19 pandemic compared to previously (t = 8.25, P < .001). Less often did women feel sexual desire or interest during the pandemic (t = 7.05, P < .001) and a lower degree of sexual desire or interest was reported (t = 11.16, P < .001). During the pandemic, women who were married or cohabitated reported significantly more frequent sexual behavior than did single women with partners (P < .01), while the two groups were comparable in terms of the frequency and intensity of having sexual desire. Linear regression analyses showed a statistically significant reduction in frequency of sexual intercourse during Covid–19 with increasing age (B = -.19, P < .001), and being single with (B = -.26, P < .001) or without partner (B = -.40, P < .001), taking into account all other demographic characteristics. Single women reported significantly less often did they feel sexual desire or interest during Covid–19, while age (B = -.26, P < .001) and being single without a partner (B = -.22, P < .001) predicted significantly lower intensity of sexual desire during Covid–19. Limitations, reasons for caution Women with either primary or secondary education level are not adequately represented as recruitment was carried out via community network and social media platform, which are more likely to be more accessible by a population who is more tech-savvy and has more access to email. Wider implications of the findings: We are still in the middle of the pandemic and there is still paucity of data illustrating its impact on sexual life. Current findings could give insight to stakeholders to develop sexual health counselling services that address the negative effect on sexual intimacy arising from sexual behavioral change. Trial registration number Not applicable

Download Full-text

P-470 Sex in the time of Covid-19: Examining the sexual behavior and sexual desire of female adults in Hong Kong

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab127.060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

D Khoo ◽

G So ◽

C Chan

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Single Women ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Sexual Life ◽

Adult Women

Abstract Study question How are sexual behavior and sexual desire of Hong Kong women affected during the Covid-19 pandemic? Summary answer The Covid-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the sexual life of adult women, in particular, single women who do not have a live-in partner. What is known already Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, there have been ongoing debates on whether lockdown measures would do more harm on individuals or families who are already living in fear of virus infection. Some studies have shown that despite social distancing and measures that limit contact and interaction, women, particularly those who are either married or have a stable partner, were found to be sexually more active and reported stronger emotional bonding with their partners during lockdown. This study attempts to examine any significant changes in sexual behavior and sexual desire of adult females in Hong Kong during the pandemic. Study design, size, duration This is a cross-sectional online study examining the sexual behaviors among female adults. The survey was conducted in Hong Kong between July and August 2020, in which the city has been locked down. Participants/materials, setting, methods Six hundred and two Chinese female adults (mean age = 32±7.09) were recruited through social media and community networks. Respondents completed the Desire Domain of the Female Sexual Function Index and self-reported frequency of sexual behavior before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. T-tests and ANOVAs were used to compare sexual behavior and sexual desire across demographic groups. Linear regression was conducted with sexual behavior and sexual desire as criterion variable and demographic characteristics as predictors. Main results and the role of chance Women reported significantly lower frequency of sexual behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to previously (t = 8.25, P < .001). Less often did women feel sexual desire or interest during the pandemic (t = 7.05, P < .001) and a lower degree of sexual desire or interest was reported (t = 11.16, P < .001). During the pandemic, women who were married or cohabitated reported significantly more frequent sexual behavior than did single women with partners (P < .01), while the two groups were comparable in terms of the frequency and intensity of having sexual desire. Linear regression analyses showed a statistically significant reduction in frequency of sexual intercourse during Covid-19 with increasing age (B = -.19, P < .001), and being single with (B = -.26, P < .001) or without partner (B = -.40, P < .001), taking into account all other demographic characteristics. Single women reported significantly less often did they feel sexual desire or interest during Covid-19, while age (B = -.26, P < .001) and being single without a partner (B = -.22, P < .001) predicted significantly lower intensity of sexual desire during Covid-19. Limitations, reasons for caution Women with either primary or secondary education level are not adequately represented as recruitment was carried out via community network and social media platform, which are more likely to be more accessible by a population who is more tech-savvy and has more access to email. Wider implications of the findings We are still in the middle of the pandemic and there is still paucity of data illustrating its impact on sexual life. Current findings could give insight to stakeholders to develop sexual health counselling services that address the negative effect on sexual intimacy arising from sexual behavioral change. Trial registration number Not applicable

Download Full-text

The Role of Sexual Self-Control as Moderator between Sexual Desire and Premarital Sexual Behaviors

Jurnal Psikologi ◽

10.22146/jpsi.41159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Chindy Kencana Sari ◽

Marselius Sampe Tondok ◽

Darmawan Muttaqin

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Self Control ◽

Long Distance ◽

Sex Drive ◽

Premarital Sexual ◽

The Relationship

Sexual desire can be one of the antecedents for individual premarital sexual behavior. Otherwise, sexual self-control can prevent individuals from engaging premarital sexual behavior. This study aimed to examine the role of self-control in moderating the relationship between sexual desire and premarital sexual behavior. This study involved 209 emerging adults (18-25 years old) who were dating and not undergoing a long-distance relationship. The current study used Premarital Sexual Permissiveness measurement, dyadic sexual desire subscale from Sexual Desire Inventory-II, general sex-drive and stimulus-elicited sex-drive subscales from Perceived Sexual Control to measure premarital sexual behavior, sexual desire, and sexual self-control respectively. Results of regression analysis showed that sexual self-control did not moderate the relationship between sexual desire and kissing (∆R2 = 0.006, p > 0.05), as well as sexual desire and petting (∆R2 = 0.001, p > 0.05). However, self-control could be a moderator in the relationship between sexual desire and intercourse (∆R2 = 0.027, p < 0.01).

Download Full-text

Conductas sexuales de riesgo para contraer infección por virus del papiloma humano y enfermedades de transmisión sexual en varones

Tequio ◽

10.53331/teq.v2i4.6820 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

Sandra Olimpia Gutiérrez- Enríquez ◽

Yolanda Terán Figueroa

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Risky Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sexual Life ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

First Sexual Intercourse ◽

Number Of Sexual Partners

The objective is to present risky sexual behaviors that can lead to contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In San Luis Potosí, Mexico, a universe of 77 men with active sexual life was studied; a self-administered questionnaire with four sections was applied: initiation of sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted diseases, preventive actions and number of sexual partners. To measure sexual behavior, two scales were designed, an ordinal one to observe different levels, a nominal one for the presence or absence of risky sexual behaviors. Some results obtained show that 87.1% had their first sexual intercourse at age 18 or earlier, 53.2% always used condoms, 93.5% had their first sexual intercourse with women and 6.5% with men, and 63.7% engaged in risky sexual behavior. One of the conclusions is that the majority of males in this study engaged in one or more risky sexual behaviors that can lead to contracting HPV and other sexually transmitted diseases

Download Full-text

Sexual Double Standards: Contributions of Sexual Socialization by Parents, Peers, and the Media

Archives of Sexual Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10508-021-02088-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joyce J. Endendijk ◽

Maja Deković ◽

Helen Vossen ◽

Anneloes L. van Baar ◽

Ellen Reitz

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Online Survey ◽

Music Videos ◽

Double Standards ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Media ◽

Sexual Double Standards ◽

Opposite Gender

Abstract(Hetero)sexual double standards (SDS) entail that different sexual behaviors are appropriate for men and women. There is large variation in whether people endorse SDS in their expectations about the sexual behavior of women and men (i.e., SDS-norms). To explain these individual differences, we examined associations between SDS-norms of Dutch adolescents (aged 16–20 years, N = 566) and what parents, peers, and the media teach adolescents about appropriate sexual behavior of boys and girls (i.e., SDS-socialization). Adolescents completed an online survey at school. Regarding SDS-socialization, more traditional SDS-norms conveyed by the media and peers, but not of parents, and less perceived sexual activity of female peers, were associated with more traditional SDS-norms. Only for boys, exposure to sexy girls/women on social media and sexual music videos of female artists were associated with more traditional SDS-norms. Thus, SDS-socialization by peers and the media and opposite gender models (for boys) are important in light of adolescents’ SDS-norms.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Chronic Administration of Testosterone Propionate with or without Estradiol on the Sexual Behavior and Plasma Steroid Levels of Aged Female Rats

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2012-1578 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 153 (12) ◽

pp. 5928-5939 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sherri Lee Jones ◽

Nafissa Ismail ◽

Leonora King ◽

James G. Pfaus

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Chronic Treatment ◽

Testosterone Propionate ◽

Chronic Administration ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Female Rats ◽

Second Phase ◽

Female Rat

Abstract Low sexual desire concomitant with feelings of distress is reported in naturally and surgically menopausal women. A combination of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) restores sexual desire and interest in these women. The central mechanisms by which E2 and T act to restore desire are poorly understood. Here we examined the effect of chronic treatment with testosterone propionate (TP) administered by a sc SILASTIC brand capsule in aged ovary-intact female rats. Females were first treated with TP alone, followed by a second phase when TP was administered in combination with estradiol benzoate (EB; 10 μg) by sc injection 48 h prior to testing (EB+TP). Each phase consisted of 5 test days at 4-d intervals. Appetitive and consummatory female sexual behaviors were observed in bilevel chambers, and plasma E2 and T concentrations were measured with ELISA. Sexual solicitations and hops and darts were facilitated by the highest TP dose, and the lordosis quotient was increased by the two highest TP doses when administered alone, coinciding with an increase in plasma T, but those behavioral effects were not maintained across time. The lordosis quotient was inversely related to the TP dose in the EB+TP phase. These results suggest that the administration of TP by sc capsules to aged female rats facilitates appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors; however, chronic treatment appears to be inhibitory. This is the first study to assess sexual behavior after SILASTIC brand implants of TP in the aged female rat. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of T on female sexual function.

Download Full-text

Association of sexual behaviours and premature ejaculation

Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học ◽

10.52852/tcncyh.v141i5.185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Nguyen Hoai Bac ◽

Hoang Long

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Premature Ejaculation ◽

Sexual Experience ◽

Sexual Life ◽

Logistic Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Normal Men ◽

Control Study

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common reported sexual complaint in men. It is believed that PE is associated with sexual behavior such as early sexual experience, novelty of partners or frequencies of intercourse. Therefore, to examine the association of PE and sexual behaviors in men, a case-control study was conducted with a total of 418 clients Subjects were interviewed for general health status, sexual behaviors, IELT and requested to complete the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). DSM-IV-TR criteria were applied for the diagnosis of PE. Those who diagnosed with PE(+) and PEDT score ≥ 11 belonged to the PE group; those diagnosed with PE(-) and PEDT < 11 belonged to the non-PE group. The results indicated that no significant difference was noted regarding demographic features in the 2 groups. Normal men had a more frequent sexual life compared with PE patients (9.71 ± 6.09 and 6.62 ± 5.44 episodes of sexual intercourses per month, respectively with p < 0.001. Subjects who were single or circumcised had higher prevalence of PE than married or uncircumcised men. Multivariable logistic analysis elucidated that circumcision, number of lifetime sexual partners and sexual frequencies were associated factors of PE. In conclusion, PE is a common sexual dysfunction in men. It was found to be significantly associated with circumcision and frequencies of sexual intercourse. Medical history taking of PE patients should include these sexual behavior factors.

Download Full-text

Unconventional sexual behaviors and their associations with physical, mental and sexual health parameters: a study in 18 large Brazilian cities

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462010005000013 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 264-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Waldemar Mendes de Oliveira Júnior ◽

Carmita Helena Najjar Abdo

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Reference Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Sexual Life ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1 ◽

Health Parameters

OBJECTIVE: There have been many studies investigating paraphilias and sexual compulsion, but thus far little data about prevalence of unusual sexual practices that are subthreshold for these diagnoses. The associations between unconventional sexual behavior and sociodemographic and health parameters were investigated. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 7,022 individuals (45.4% of women) was carried out using a selfadministered questionnaire that compared individuals carrying at least one reference of unconventional sexual behavior (group 1) with individuals without such reference (group 2). RESULTS: Women's mean age was 35.0 vs. 35.9 years (p < 0.05) and men's mean age was 36.5 vs. 37.8 years (p < 0.05) being lower in group 1 than in group 2, respectively. More men (52.3%) than women (30.4%) (p < 0.001) presented unconventional sexual behavior. Fetishism (13.4%) and voyeuristic behavior (13.0%) were more frequent. Unconventional sexual behavior was associated with male gender, single or separated marital status, black or mulatto race, elementary and high school educational level, history of posttraumatic stress disorder treatment, alcohol dependence, emergency contraception, difficulty at the beginning of sexual life, sexual violence, bisexuality, and performance of anal or oral intercourse. CONCLUSION: Unconventional sexual behaviors are important because they are associated with poorer health status and lower educational levels.

Download Full-text

Psychosocial contributors to Internet and social media addiction among adult women

10.21203/rs.2.18528/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kamila Rachubińska ◽

Anna Cybulska ◽

Aleksander Owczarek ◽

Marzanna Stanisławska ◽

Elżbieta Grochans

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Single Women ◽

The Internet ◽

Adult Women ◽

Female Population ◽

Younger Women ◽

Social Media Addiction ◽

Facebook Addiction ◽

Internet And Social Media

Abstract 1) Purpose: When speaking of behavioral addictions (especially to the Internet and social media), it is emphasized that is not the environment that is the main contributor to addiction, but rather certain behaviors and personality traits. The aim of this study was to assess the level of Internet and social media addiction on the example of Facebook with regard to psychological and social factors. 2) Methods: This survey-based study involved a group of women representative of the female population in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland (N = 556). Research instruments were a self-developed questionnaire concerning sociodemographic data, the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. 3) Results: Age, depressive symptoms, loneliness were the variable contributing to Internet and Facebook addiction among the studied. Available studies confirm the results of own research. 4) Conclusions: Depressive symptoms, and dependence on the Internet and Facebook were more common among single women. In the employed women we only observed higher levels of Internet and Facebook addiction. The level of dependence on the Internet and Facebook was higher among younger women. Loneliness correlated with Internet and Facebook addiction, and more severe depressive symptoms entailed higher levels of Internet and Facebook addiction.

Download Full-text

Housing Management of Male Dromedaries during the Rut Season: Effects of Social Contact between Males and Movement Control on Sexual Behavior, Blood Metabolites and Hormonal Balance

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1621

Author(s):

Ramadan D. EL-Shoukary ◽

Nani Nasreldin ◽

Ahmed S. Osman ◽

Nesrein M. Hashem ◽

Islam M. Saadeldin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Social Contact ◽

Movement Control ◽

Management Systems ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Housing Management ◽

Hormonal Balance

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different housing management systems on behavior, blood metabolites and hormonal balance in male dromedaries during the rutting season. Forty-eight adult male dromedaries were stratified in a two by three factorial experiment design, testing effects of social contact (single and group) and movement control (tied, fenced and exercise). During a ten-week experimental period, male dromedaries were filmed weekly for 20 min three times per day to evaluate their behaviors. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum metabolites and hormones. Both animal social contact and movement control significantly affected maintenance, posture and sexual behaviors. Male dromedaries housed in groups expressed higher frequencies of sexual desire-related behaviors (teeth grinding, open legs, tail flapping, dulla “soft palate exteriorization”, blathering and urination) than those individually housed. Animal movement control significantly affected sexual behavior; fenced and exercised male dromedaries expressed higher frequencies of sexual desire-related behaviors than tied ones. Male dromedaries housed in groups and allowed to walk around had significantly higher frequencies of ruminating, standing, walking and sexual-related behaviors than those housed individually or tied. Movement control had significant effects on blood serum metabolites and hormone concentrations. Fenced and exercised male dromedaries had higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of blood serum transaminases, free radicals, glucose, cholesterol and testosterone (2.91 and 2.09 ng/mL, respectively) and lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of cortisol (44.12 and 53.52 nmol/L, respectively) and triiodothyronine (1.68 and 1.91 ng/mL, respectively) than tied male dromedaries. In conclusion, animal social interaction is of particular importance for maintaining physical, psychological and sexual behaviors. Allowing walking-around exercise for captive animals improves their metabolic status and decreases captive stress effects. Housing systems that guarantee social interaction and physical activity are the most suitable housing management systems for captive male dromedaries during the rutting season.

Download Full-text

Compassionate Conservation and the Challenge of Sustainable Wildlife Management: A Survey of the Urban Public of China

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11092521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2521

Author(s):

Zhen Miao ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Xinyi Lu ◽

Dongxiao Chen ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Social Marketing ◽

Wildlife Management ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Conservation Management ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Stepwise Linear Regression ◽

The Public ◽

Wildlife Utilization

Sustainable wildlife management (SWM) is based on a synergy of traditional/local knowledge, advances in scientific knowledge, and fast-evolving economic and social circumstances. A widely accepted cornerstone of SWM globally is that conservation and utilization need to be effectively integrated, emphasizing the benefits humans can derive from biodiversity, thereby further encouraging people to protect and value wildlife though its management. However, with demand from biological resources growing at an unprecedented rate and the emergence of social media, conservationists must respond quickly to new challenges and conflicts associated with species management and public policy. For example, the rise of the “Compassionate Conservation” (CC) movement, fueled by social marketing and media, which promotes the welfare of individual animals, has introduced a set of challenges for conventional conservation management as it opposes most or all forms of wildlife utilization and hunting. CC advocates are increasingly influential at global and national policy levels; hence, it is imperative that conservationists are informed and aware of the future challenges from a rapidly changing global society. In this paper, we report the findings of a large semi-structured questionnaire in China which investigated the attitude of the urban public toward sustainable wildlife management (SWM) and wildlife conservation across a range of issues and identified the key socio-economic and demographic factor drivers for those attitudes. The survey was conducted from November 2018 to October 2020, across 15 cities randomly selected among China’s seven administrative geographic regions. The survey was initially conducted through face-to-face interviews, but later, due to COVID-19 restrictions, was completed via online questionnaires. A Likert seven-point scale method was used to score the public’s degree of agreement or disagreement for each question; a multivariate stepwise linear regression method was used to analyze whether the overall attitude of the respondents toward SWM and wildlife conservation was affected by their demographic characteristics; and a classification and regression tree (CART) was used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the issues with negative scores in the questionnaire, so as to understand how the respondents’ demographic characteristics affected the public’s attitude about such issues, which could supplement results obtained from the multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis. The results show that the public are broadly supportive of SWM, but only moderately so. On issues of “Animal Welfare and Rights,” “Wildlife Utilization and Captive Breeding,” and “Trophy Hunting”, the core concerns of the “Compassionate Conservation” movement and the overall public view are more antagonistic to conventional SWM. We also find specific demographic characteristics significantly influence attitudes about SWM, with vegetarians, those with religious beliefs, and with lower educational standards demonstrating weaker support for SWM. For younger people, “Animal Welfare and Rights” is a special concern, hence, we identify this as a key issue to be addressed for SWM and conservation in the future. Our research suggests that conservation organisations may need to adapt their management aims and practices to avoid direct conflict with the rising tide of animal rights sentiment, especially among the young. Furthermore, significant investment will be required to promote science-based conservation in social marketing on all social media platforms to help educate and engage the public with the science behind conservation management.

Download Full-text