scholarly journals Lost and abandoned nets in deep-water gillnet fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic: retrieval exercises and outcomes

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Large ◽  
Norman G. Graham ◽  
Nils-Roar Hareide ◽  
Robert Misund ◽  
Dominic J. Rihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Greenland Halibut ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Underwater Camera

Abstract Large, P. A., Graham, N. G., Hareide, N-R., Misund, R., Rihan, D. J., Mulligan, M. C., Randall, P. J., Peach, D. J., McMullen, P. H., and Harlay, X. 2009. Lost and abandoned nets in deep-water gillnet fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic: retrieval exercises and outcomes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 323–333. The methods used and the results, including estimates of ghost catches present at the time of retrieval, from Irish and UK (England and Wales) gillnet retrieval exercises carried out in deep-water gillnet fisheries west of the British Isles are described. Summaries of the exercises are currently found only in the grey literature, and there is a need to make them more widely available to the scientific community. The fisheries are currently principally for anglerfish (mainly Lophius piscatorius), along with a small bycatch of deep-water sharks [mainly leafscale gulper shark (Centrophorous squamosus) and Portuguese dogfish (Centroscymnus coelolepis)]. The methods used and the results from retrieval exercises in the Norwegian Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossus) gillnet fishery are also presented. It is suggested that the efficiency of the Norwegian retrieval gear (which was used in all but one of the retrieval exercises described) be investigated under a range of conditions using an attached underwater camera. The outcomes from this could be used to improve the design of retrieval gear and future gillnet retrieval survey/mitigation exercises. Suggestions are made to improve the format and interpretation of results from future retrieval surveys and to enhance their value to fishery managers and stock assessment scientists. The importance of the continued need for structured gillnet retrieval exercises in deep-water gillnet fisheries is emphasized, and suggestions are made for conducting future studies.

Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The North ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
A Minor

<em>Abstract</em>.—The biology and fisheries of macrourid species in the NE Atlantic are reviewed. Of about 30 species that occur within that area, the roundnose grenadier <em>Coryphaenoides rupestris </em>is one of the main target species of deep-water fisheries. Roughhead grenadier <em>Macrourus berglax </em>is a minor bycatch of other deep-water fisheries and an occasional target of some small fisheries. Other macrourid species are not commercially exploited because they are too small and/or in too deep waters, but some are also taken as accidental bycatch. There are three main fisheries for roundnose grenadier: north and west of the British Isles, Skagerrak, and Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Skagerrak fishery is mainly for fish meal while the others are for human consumption. Due to data availability, a range of assessment methods has been trialled primarily for stocks to the north and west of the British Isles. Although uncertain, these assessments provide evidence that the stock has been severely depleted. Fisheries were largely unregulated until the early 2000s, but following repeated International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) advice, total allowable catches were introduced in 2003 together with effort and capacity regulations. Roundnose grenadier is the most studied species. It lives more than 50 years, compared to 30 years or more for roughhead grenadier. The limited knowledge of other species suggests a contrasting picture of maximum age ranging from 10 to 40 years. Taking into account the limited biological knowledge for these species, the pros and cons of the current management regime are discussed.

scholarly journals Monitoring Human Visual Behavior during the Observation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Videos

Drones ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilios Krassanakis ◽  
Matthieu Perreira Da Silva ◽  
Vincent Ricordel
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Attention Process ◽  
Visual Reaction

The present article describes an experimental study towards the examination of human visual behavior during the observation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) videos. Experimental performance is based on the collection and the quantitative & qualitative analysis of eye tracking data. The results highlight that UAV flight altitude serves as a dominant specification that affects the visual attention process, while the presence of sky in the video background seems to be the less affecting factor in this procedure. Additionally, the main surrounding environment, the main size of the observed object as well as the main perceived angle between UAV’s flight plain and ground appear to have an equivalent influence in observers’ visual reaction during the exploration of such stimuli. Moreover, the provided heatmap visualizations indicate the most salient locations in the used UAVs videos. All produced data (raw gaze data, fixation and saccade events, and heatmap visualizations) are freely distributed to the scientific community as a new dataset (EyeTrackUAV) that can be served as an objective ground truth in future studies.

Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Total Body

<em>Abstract</em>.—Total body length of roundnose grenadier <em>Coryphaenoides rupestris </em>reaches 123 cm at maximum observed age of 30 years. In the Northwest Atlantic, predominating length is 50–70 cm, in the area of Mid-Atlantic Ridge and off Europe, 50–90 cm. Average length at maturity is 76 cm. Main spawning takes place in the Northeast Atlantic in summer-autumn. Mean fecundity is 30,000 eggs. Grenadier occur mainly near the bottom, but somtimes in the pelagic layer. Vertical migrations are very variable. Long distance horizontal migrations of adults have not been recorded. There is no consensus about population structure. In the Northwest Atlantic the greatest catch (83,700 t) was taken in 1971. Since then the fishery declined until it was stopped completely. On the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the maximum catch (29,900 t) was taken in 1973, after which catches decreased. In the last 15 years, in the European waters, catches increased and reached 28,900 t in 2004. In the majority of the areas the stock size is at the low level. In the Northeast Atlantic (including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) the fishery is regulated by NEAFC by the restriction of fishing effort and closed areas. In the Northwest Atlantic, directed fishery is banned by NAFO. In the North Atlantic, in the whole fishing period, the international catch amounted to about 1,000,000 t.

scholarly journals Opportunistically recorded acoustic data support Northeast Atlantic mackerel expansion theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen van der Kooij ◽  
Sascha M.M. Fässler ◽  
David Stephens ◽  
Lisa Readdy ◽  
Beth E. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
Feeding Grounds

Abstract Fisheries independent monitoring of widely distributed pelagic fish species which conduct large seasonal migrations is logistically complex and expensive. One of the commercially most important examples of such a species in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean is mackerel for which up to recently only an international triennial egg survey contributed to the stock assessment. In this study, we explore whether fisheries acoustic data, recorded opportunistically during the English component of the North Sea International Bottom Trawl Survey, can contribute to an improved understanding of mackerel distribution and provide supplementary data to existing dedicated monitoring surveys. Using a previously published multifrequency acoustic mackerel detection algorithm, we extracted the distribution and abundance of schooling mackerel for the whole of the North Sea during August and September between 2007 and 2013. The spatio-temporal coverage of this unique dataset is of particular interest because it includes part of the unsurveyed summer mackerel feeding grounds in the northern North Sea. Recent increases in landings in Icelandic waters during this season suggested that changes have occurred in the mackerel feeding distribution. Thus far it is poorly understood whether these changes are due to a shift, i.e. mackerel moving away from their traditional feeding grounds in the northern North Sea and southern Norwegian Sea, or whether the species' distribution has expanded. We therefore explored whether acoustically derived biomass of schooling mackerel declined in the northern North Sea during the study period, which would suggest a shift in mackerel distribution rather than an expansion. The results of this study show that in the North Sea, schooling mackerel abundance has increased and that its distribution in this area has not changed over this period. Both of these findings provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence in support of the hypothesis that mackerel have expanded their distribution rather than moved away.

scholarly journals Designing tools to evaluate fishery management strategies: can the scientific community deliver?

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon T. Schnute ◽  
Mark N. Maunder ◽  
James N. Ianelli
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Strategy Evaluation ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Testing Management

Abstract Schnute, J. T., Maunder, M. N., and Ianelli, J. N. 2007. Designing tools to evaluate fishery management strategies: can the scientific community deliver? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1077–1084. Techniques for quantitative fishery management have evolved rapidly during a period when computers, programming languages, and computational algorithms have also changed dramatically. Despite these advances, many stock assessment methods remain untested. A process of management strategy evaluation (MSE) could potentially rectify this problem, but it would require a framework in which to conduct systematic tests. We survey the tools currently used for stock assessments and discuss the development of new standards for testing management procedures. A successful project would depend on human skills scattered among various nations, organizations, and academic disciplines. Analogies from civil engineering illustrate the discipline and collaboration required for an effective outcome. If the world community of fishery scientists could design, build, and support such a project, it would revolutionize the theory, teaching, and practice of scientific fishery management.

III.—The Pre-Cambrian Rocks of Wales

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Henry Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lithological Character

In a recent article on the Pre-Cambrian Rocks of the British Isles in the Journal of Geology, vol. i., No. 1, Sir Archibald Geikie makes the following statement: “There cannot, I think, be now any doubt that small tracts of gneiss, quite comparable in lithological character to portions of the Lewisian rocks of the North-West of Scotland, rise to the surface in a few places in England and Wales. In the heart of Anglesey, for example, a tract of such rocks presents some striking external or scenic resemblance to the characteristic types of ground where the oldest gneiss forms the surface in Scotland and the West of Ireland.” To those who have followed the controversy which has been going on for nearly thirty years between the chiefs of the British Geological Survey and some geologists who have been working amongst the rocks in Wales, the importance of the above admission will be readily apparent; but as it is possible that some may be unable to realize what such an admission means in showing geological progress in unravelling the history of the older rocks in Wales during the past thirty years, a brief summary of the results obtained may possibly be considered useful.

scholarly journals A meridional14C and39Ar section in northeast Atlantic deep water

1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (C4) ◽  
pp. 6945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Schlitzer ◽  
Wolfgang Roether ◽  
Urs Weidmann ◽  
Peter Kalt ◽  
Heinz Hugo Loosli
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Northeast Atlantic

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of the Utility of Preoperative Intravenous Paracetamol for Post-Caesarean Analgesia

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ng ◽  
Loke ◽  
Yeo ◽  
Chng ◽  
Tan
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Surgical Incision ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Analgesic Regimen ◽  
Intravenous Paracetamol ◽  
Patient Groups

Background and objectives: Worldwide, the number of caesarean sections performed has increased exponentially. Some studies have reported better pain control and lower postoperative requirements for opioids when intravenous (IV) paracetamol was administered preoperatively. This meta-analysis thus aimed to investigate the utility of preoperative IV paracetamol for post-caesarean analgesia. Materials and Methods: By using the keywords (paracetamol OR acetaminophen) AND [cesarea* OR caesarea* OR cesaria* OR caesaria*], a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for papers published in English between January 1, 1960 and March 1, 2019. Grey literature was searched as well. Results: Seven clinical trials were reviewed, while five randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Applying per-protocol analysis and a random-effects model, there was a significant reduction in postoperative opioid consumption and pain score in the group that received preoperative IV paracetamol, compared to placebo, as the standardized mean difference (SMD) were −0.460 (95% CI −0.828 to −0.092, p = 0.014) and −0.719 (95% CI: −1.31 to −0.13, p = 0.018), respectively. However, there was significant heterogeneity amongst the different studies included in the meta-analysis (I2 = 70.66%), perhaps owing to their diverse protocols. Some studies administered IV paracetamol 15 min before induction while others gave it before surgical incision. Conclusion: This is the first review on the topic. Overall, preoperative IV paracetamol has convincingly demonstrated useful opioid-sparing effects and it also appears safe for use at the time of delivery. It should be considered as a component of an effective multimodal analgesic regimen. Future studies could be conducted on other patient groups, e.g., those with multiple comorbidities or chronic pain disorders, and further delineate the optimal timing to administer the drug preoperatively.

A Bibliography of the Tectonics of England and Wales

1932 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
R. H. Rastall
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
British Isles ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

FOR more than twenty-five years the compiler of this bibliography has been deeply interested in the tectonic history of the British Isles: for the greater part of this time he has also been struck by the absence of any adequate and annotated treatment of the subject, since the appearance of the third edition of Jukes-Browne's Building of the British Isles, 1911. (The so-called 4th edition of this work, dated 1922, appears to be merely an unrevised reprint of the 3rd edition.) In 1929 this want was in part supplied by the publication of The Physiographical Evolution of Britain, by Dr. L. J. Wills. Even in this admirable work, however, the stress is on physiography rather than on tectonics, and many of the more important writings on this side of the subject are not referred to. In the Handbook of the Geology of Great Britain, which appeared in the same year, the exiguous section on “Morphology” includes no bibliography, while the whole scheme of treatment is in the main palaeontological, and little help on the tectonic aspect is to be obtained from the text of most of the sections. The present publication may in a sense be regarded as a supplement to that work.

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