scholarly journals Acid phosphatase and cathepsin activity in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) eggs: the effects of Ag, Cd, and Cu exposure

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1517-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe ◽  
Estelle Le Bihan ◽  
David Borg ◽  
Noussithé Koueta ◽  
Paco Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cathepsin Activity ◽  
Hatchling Weight

Abstract Lacoue-Labarthe, T., Le Bihan, E., Borg, D., Koueta, N., and Bustamante, P. 2010. Acid phosphatase and cathepsin activity in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) eggs: the effects of Ag, Cd, and Cu exposure. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1517–1523. Changes in the activity levels of acid phosphatase (AcP) and cathepsin during cuttlefish embryo development are described, as are the effects of exposure to heavy metals. Enzyme activity kinetics appear to be linked to the developmental stage. The activities of both enzymes increased during the final days of development, suggesting de novo production by the maturing embryo in the digestive gland. The effects of selected heavy metals, Ag (0.06, 1.2, 60, 1200 ng l−1), Cd (31, 61, 305, 610 ng l−1), and Cu (0.23, 2.3, 23, 230 µg l−1), were assessed based on AcP and cathepsin activities at the end of embryonic development and on hatchling weight. Enzyme activities were not impacted by Ag but were significantly inhibited by Cd, at all four concentrations for AcP and at 610 ng l−1 for cathepsin. Cu (at 2.3 µg l−1) stimulated AcP activity. No cause–effect relationship was found between the effects of metals on the enzyme activities and hatchling weight, suggesting that heavy metals could affect other physiological functions during embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Croatian produced unifloral honey characterized according to the protein and proline content and enzyme activities

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Flanjak ◽  
Ivica Strelec ◽  
Daniela Kenjerić ◽  
Ljiljana Primorac
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
A Minor

Abstract In honey, the content of proteins, including the enzymes, is relatively low and has a minor nutritive significance. On the other hand, the proteins, including the enzymes, are usually used as honey quality evaluation parameters. This is because protein content and enzyme activities vary regarding the botanical origin of the honey. Since the results of protein content, glucose-oxidase, and acid phosphatase, for honeys produced in Croatia, are not available, four of the most abundant honey types produced in Croatia (black locust, sage, chestnut, and honeydew honey) are characterised according to the protein and proline content and enzyme activities. The characterisation was done to determine specificities and contribute to the characterisation of unifloral honeys. Dark honey types (honeydew and chestnut honey) had a higher proline content, and diastase, invertase, and glucose-oxidase activity than lighter sage and black locust honey. Black locust honey has a naturally low enzyme activity and showed the highest acid phosphatase activity among the analysed honey types, while honeydew honey, otherwise known to possess high proline content and enzyme activity, had a low protein content comparable to black locust honey. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between all analysed parameters, with the exception of acid phosphatase activity.

scholarly journals Rates of degradation and synthesis of glycosidases de novo during growth and differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum

1975 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Every ◽  
J M Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Differentiated Cells

1. Injection of a purified preparation of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from the spent growth medium of myxamoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum into rabbits gave rise to an antibody preparation containing both anti-α-glucosidase and anti-β-acetylglucosaminidase activities. 2. These two activities were shown to reside in different immunoglobulin molecules and it was concluded that the β-N-acetylglucosaminidase preparation contained trace amounts of highly antigenic α-glucosidase. 3. A single precipitin band having β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was formed in Ouchterlony plates when this antibody preparation was tested against extracts obtained from differentiated cells or from myxamoebae grown either axenically or on bacteria. 4. The antibody preparation was used to show that both β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and α-glucosidase molecules are synthesized de novo from isotopically labelled amino acids during both the growth and differentiation phases of the life cycle and to show that neither of these proteins is significantly degraded during the growth phase or during the first 9h of differentiation. 5. The rates of accumulation of these assayable enzyme activities are thus equal to their rates of synthesis during growth and early differentiation. 6. The factors regulating cellular enzyme activity during the life cycle of D. discoideum are discussed.

scholarly journals Sorption to Biochar Impacts β-Glucosidase and Phosphatase Enzyme Activities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Foster ◽  
Emily Joyce Fogle ◽  
M. Francesca Cotrufo
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Laboratory Assay

Extracellular enzymes catalyze biogeochemical reactions in soil, cycling carbon and nutrients in agricultural systems. Enzymes respond quickly to soil management, including organic amendment inputs, such as biochar, a charcoal-like solid byproduct of bioenergy production. In a previous agricultural field trial, a pine biochar amendment caused a 40% decrease in the enzyme activities of β-glucosidase (BG) and phosphatase (PHOS). The large surface area of the pine biochar has the potential to sorb nutrients and other organic molecules. To test if sorption caused decreased enzyme activity, we used a laboratory assay to quantify the activity of two sorbed enzymes: BG and acid PHOS, involved in the cycling of carbon and phosphorous. The enzymes were incubated with three solid phases: (1) the high surface area pine biochar, (2) the agricultural soil and (3) a low surface area grass biochar, for an additional comparison. We quantified the sorbed enzymes at pH 6, 7, and 8, using a Bradford protein assay and measured the immobilized enzyme activities via high-throughput fluorometric analysis. After sorption onto pine biochar, detectable BG and PHOS activity levels dropped by over 95% relative to the soil, supporting direct sorption as one mechanism reducing enzyme activity in biochar amended soil. This laboratory assay demonstrated sorption could account for lack of priming of native soil organic matter and changes in soil P cycling after pine biochar addition.

Drought tolerance in cereals in terms of water retention, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Bencze ◽  
Zsuzsanna Bamberger ◽  
Tibor Janda ◽  
Krisztina Balla ◽  
Zoltán Bedő ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Wheat Varieties

AbstractExperiments were carried out on three bread wheat varieties, one barley and one durum wheat variety grown in pots in the phytotron and subjected to water withdrawal for 7 days during grain-filling. Leaf water loss, net assimilation rate and transpiration showed marked differences, allowing the genotypes to be ranked. Although the most resistant variety had the highest activity for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which did not rise further in response to drought and the most susceptible variety had the lowest values, which increased to the greatest extent under drought, the level of sensitivity could not be predicted for all the genotypes from the enzyme activity values alone. The largest increases were recorded for the APX, CAT and GR activities. In most genotypes the GR activity was correlated with that of GST, CAT and APX. Changes in the enzyme activities were observed after a decline in transpiration and photosynthesis. The range of soil moisture values over which the antioxidant enzyme activity levels remained relatively unchanged was a better indication of tolerance to drought than either basic or stress-induced activity levels.

scholarly journals Sorption to Biochar Impacts β-Glucosidase and Phosphatase Enzyme Activities

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Foster ◽  
Emily Fogle ◽  
M. Cotrufo
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Laboratory Assay

Extracellular enzymes catalyze biogeochemical reactions in soil, cycling carbon and nutrients in agricultural systems. Enzymes respond quickly to soil management, including organic amendment inputs, such as biochar, a charcoal-like solid byproduct of bioenergy production. In a previous agricultural field trial, a pine biochar amendment caused an approximately 40% decrease in the enzyme activities of β-glucosidase (BG) and phosphatase (PHOS). The large surface area of the pine biochar has the potential to sorb nutrients and other organic molecules. To test if sorption caused decreased enzyme activity, we used a laboratory assay to quantify the activity of two sorbed enzymes: BG and acid PHOS, involved in the cycling of carbon and phosphorous. The enzymes were incubated with three solid phases: (1) the high surface area pine biochar, (2) the agricultural soil, and (3) a low surface area grass biochar, for an additional comparison. We quantified the sorbed enzymes at pH 6, 7, and 8, using a Bradford protein assay, and measured the immobilized enzyme activities via high-throughput fluorometric analysis. After sorption onto pine biochar, detectable BG and PHOS activity levels dropped by over 95% relative to the soil, supporting direct sorption as one mechanism that reduces enzyme activity in biochar amended soil. This laboratory assay demonstrated that sorption could account for the lack of priming of native soil organic matter and changes in soil phosphorous cycling after pine biochar addition.

scholarly journals Sorption to Biochar Impacts β-Glucosidase and Phosphatase Enzyme Activities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Foster ◽  
Emily J. Fogle ◽  
M. Francesca Cotrufo
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Laboratory Assay

Extracellular enzymes catalyze biogeochemical reactions in soil, cycling carbon and nutrients in agricultural systems. Enzymes respond quickly to soil management, including organic amendment inputs, such as biochar, a charcoal-like solid byproduct of bioenergy production. In a previous agricultural field trial, a pine biochar amendment caused an approximately 40% decrease in the enzyme activities of β-glucosidase (BG) and phosphatase (PHOS). The large surface area of the pine biochar has the potential to sorb nutrients and other organic molecules. To test if sorption caused decreased enzyme activity, we used a laboratory assay to quantify the activity of two sorbed enzymes: BG and acid PHOS, involved in the cycling of carbon and phosphorous. The enzymes were incubated with three solid phases: (1) the high surface area pine biochar, (2) the agricultural soil, and (3) a low surface area grass biochar, for an additional comparison. We quantified the sorbed enzymes at pH 6, 7, and 8, using a Bradford protein assay, and measured the immobilized enzyme activities via high-throughput fluorometric analysis. After sorption onto pine biochar, detectable BG and PHOS activity levels dropped by over 95% relative to the soil, supporting direct sorption as one mechanism that reduces enzyme activity in biochar amended soil. This laboratory assay demonstrated that sorption could account for the lack of priming of native soil organic matter and changes in soil phosphorous cycling after pine biochar addition.

Mechanisms of protein degradation in mantle muscle and proposed gill remodeling in starved Sepia officinalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (4) ◽  
pp. R427-R437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon G. Lamarre ◽  
Delphine Ditlecadet ◽  
David J. McKenzie ◽  
Laure Bonnaud ◽  
William R. Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Cathepsin Activity ◽  
Gill Remodeling ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Cephalopods have relatively high rates of protein synthesis compared to rates of protein degradation, along with minimal carbohydrate and lipid reserves. During food deprivation on board protein is catabolized as a metabolic fuel. The aim of the current study was to assess whether biochemical indices of protein synthesis and proteolytic mechanisms were altered in cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, starved for 7 days. In mantle muscle, food deprivation is associated with a decrease in protein synthesis, as indicated by a decrease in the total RNA level and dephosphorylation of key signaling molecules, such as the eukaryote binding protein, 4E-BP1 (regulator of translation) and Akt. The ubiquitination-proteasome system (UPS) is activated as shown by an increase in the levels of proteasome β-subunit mRNA, polyubiquitinated protein, and polyubiquitin mRNA. As well, cathepsin activity levels are increased, suggesting increased proteolysis through the lysosomal pathway. Together, these mechanisms could supply amino acids as metabolic fuels. In gill, the situation is quite different. It appears that during the first stages of starvation, both protein synthesis and protein degradation are enhanced in gill. This is based upon increased phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and enhanced levels of UPS indicators, especially 20S proteasome activity and polyubiquitin mRNA. It is proposed that an increased protein turnover is related to gill remodeling perhaps to retain essential hemolymph-borne compounds.

Effects of heavy metals on soil invertase enzyme activity in different soil types

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Verma ◽  
Dharam Veer Yadav ◽  
Chandra Pal Singh ◽  
Archna Suman ◽  
Asha Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Soil Types

scholarly journals Low Psychosine in Krabbe Disease with Onset in Late Infancy: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Camille S. Corre ◽  
Dietrich Matern ◽  
Joan E. Pellegrino ◽  
Carlos A. Saavedra-Matiz ◽  
Joseph J. Orsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
New York State ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Krabbe Disease ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency in galactocerebrosidase enzyme activity, which can present in early infancy, requiring an urgent referral for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or later in life. Newborn screening (NBS) for KD requires identification and risk-stratification of patients based on laboratory values to predict disease onset in early infancy or later in life. The biomarker psychosine plays a key role in NBS algorithms to ascertain probability of early-onset disease. This report describes a patient who was screened positive for KD in New York State, had a likely pathogenic genotype, and showed markedly reduced enzyme activity but surprisingly low psychosine levels. The patient ultimately developed KD in late infancy, an outcome not clearly predicted by existing NBS algorithms. It remains critical that psychosine levels be evaluated alongside genotype, enzyme activity levels, and the patient’s evolving clinical presentation, ideally in consultation with experts in KD, in order to guide diagnosis and plans for monitoring.

Smartphone Based Highly Sensitive Visualized Detection of Acid Phosphatase Enzyme Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Yanan Sun ◽  
Lihua Jin ◽  
Xiaohong Qiao ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Visualized Detection ◽  
Sensitive Method ◽  
Phosphatase Enzyme

With the rapid development of point-of-care (POC) technologies, the improvement of sensitive method featured with fast analysis and affordable devices has become an emerging requirement for the practical application. In...

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