Characterizing a two-pronged epidemic in Mexico of non-communicable diseases and SARS-Cov-2: factors associated with increased case-fatality rates

Abstract Background People with a previous diagnosis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are more likely to develop serious forms of COVID-19 or die. Mexico is the country with the fourth highest fatality rate from SARS-Cov-2, with high mortality in younger adults. Objectives To describe and characterize the association of NCDs with the case-fatality rate (CFR) adjusted by age and sex in Mexican adults with a positive diagnosis for SARS-Cov-2. Methods We studied Mexican adults aged ≥20 years who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 during the period from 28 February to 31 July 2020. The CFR was calculated and associations with history of NCDs (number of diseases and combinations), severity indicators and type of institution that treated the patient were explored. The relative risk (RR) of death was estimated using Poisson models and CFR was adjusted using logistic models. Results We analysed 406 966 SARS-Cov-2-positive adults. The CFR was 11.2% (13.7% in men and 8.4% in women). The CFR was positively associated with age and number of NCDs (p trend <0.001). The number of NCDs increased the risk of death in younger adults when they presented three or more NCDs compared with those who did not have any NCDs [RR, 46.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 28.2, 76.9 for women; RR, 16.5; 95% CI, 9.9, 27.3 for men]. Lastly, there was great heterogeneity in the CFR by institution, from 4.6% in private institutions to 18.9% in public institutions. Conclusion In younger adults, higher CFRs were associated with the total number of NCDs and some combinations of type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease.

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Impact of a Double Epidemic in Mexico: Non-Communicable Diseases Increase the Case Fatality Rate with Covid-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-80669/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eric Monterrubio-Flores ◽

Maria Dolores Ramírez-Villalobos ◽

Juan Espinoza-Montero ◽

Bernardo Hernandez ◽

Simón Barquera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Trend Test ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Data Set ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Previous Diagnosis

Abstract Background: People with a previous diagnosis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) develop serious forms of COVID-19 or die. Mexico is the sixth country with the highest mortality rate by COVID-19 with high mortality in younger adults.Objectives: To describe the association between NCDs and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 and identify related factors. Methods: We studied all Mexican adults infected with COVID-19 from February 1st to July 31st, 2020. The data set is available for free on the Ministry of Health’s webpage. We analyzed previous diagnosis of NCDs, other preexisting diseases, indicators of severity, and the institution treating the patient. We estimated CFR and analyzed it by the number of NCDs, specific diseases, and combinations of NCDs. Relative risk was estimated using Poisson models and probability of death estimates with Logistic models.Results: We analyzed 406,966 COVID-19 positive adults. The general CFR was 11.2%, while for men it was 13.7% and for women 8.4%. CFR is positively associated with age and number of NCDs (trend test p<0.001). The combination of type 2 diabetes+chronic kidney failure has the highest CFR (44.0%). The number of comorbidities increase the CFR in younger adults, in which the relative risk from 0 to 3 or more NCDs was 30.2 in women and 11.8 in men. We observed great heterogeneity in the CFR by institution, from 4.6% in private institutions to 18.9% in public institutions.Conclusion: The number of NCDs increases CFR and explains the mortality in younger adults. Our findings are consistent with the scientific literature and contribute to the understanding of these associations.

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A Nationwide Network to Provide Supervised Exercise Therapy and Lifestyle Counseling for All Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases: Chronic CareNet

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165999 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5999

Author(s):

Anneroos Sinnige ◽

Maik Sliepen ◽

Marc R. Scheltinga ◽

Joep A.W. Teijink

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Exercise Therapy ◽

Physical Therapists ◽

Physical Therapist ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Supervised Exercise

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Physical inactivity is an important contributor to the development of NCDs. Increasing physical activity through supervised exercise therapy (SET) is proven to be effective, and is a key component in both the prevention and treatment of most NCDs. However, only a minority of patients with NCDs receive this treatment, mainly due to an insufficient number and poor accessibility of specialized physical therapists. The aim of this article is to describe a solution that, if indicated, enables all patients with NCDs in the Netherlands to receive SET by a specialized physical therapist: Chronic CareNet. Chronic CareNet is a nationwide network of specialized physical therapists, providing high quality SET and lifestyle counselling to patients with NCDs, initially focusing on peripheral arterial disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary heart disease. The network evolved from ClaudicatioNet. In order to monitor quality of care, therapists enroll in a continuous educational program, and process and outcome indicators are collected by all therapists, which can be compared with a nationwide benchmark (quality system). A robust infrastructure of information and communication technology provides an online care finder and referral system to locate and refer to nearby therapists. All elements of Chronic CareNet are essential, to ensure that all patients in the Netherlands have access to a nearby specialized therapist.

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Chronic non-communicable diseases in the epidemic (COVID-19): Investigation of risk factors, control and care

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny ◽

10.32394/pe.74.38 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 449-456

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Self Care ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Underlying Diseases ◽

And Control

INTRODUCTION. Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), global health problem and it is a threat to health and the development of countries. Currently, the number of people with COVID-19 as well as the resulting death toll is rising sharply worldwide. People with underlying diseases may be at greater risk. AIM. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the chronic non-communicable diseases in the epidemic (COVID-19): Investigation of risk factors, control and care. METERIALS AND METHODS. To access the articles, including international databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase were searched using the keywords of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), chronic, risk factors, prevention and control, self-efficacy and self-care and their various combinations using AND/OR operators. No language restrictions were applied to the search process. RESULTS. Based on the evidence, NCDs, exacerbate the negative consequences of COVID-19. according to the results of this study, Among the patients admitted with COVID-19, The most common underlying diseases, were in these people, include, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking, malignancy, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. Obesity may be considered as a potential COVID-19 risk factor. CONCLUSIONS. Although lifestyle, nutrition, and medical interventions are important for the early prevention of NCDs, having the tools and resources to use information more effectively is more important One of the determining and effective factors in maintaining health and preventing the aggravation of signs and symptoms of the disease COVID-19, especially in chronic diseases, is to perform self-care behaviors.

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CONTRIBUTION OF COMBINED RISK FACTORS INTO DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Social Aspects of Population Health ◽

10.21045/2071-5021-2020-66-5-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

O.S. Kobyakova ◽

◽

E.A. Starovoitova ◽

I.V. Tolmachev ◽

K.S. Brazovsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Increased prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) and increased related mortality stimulate development of effective methods of their prevention. To date, there are little data on the combined effect of various risk factors on the development of a particular chronic disease, and how much the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases increases or decreases with a different combination of risk factors. Purpose. To assess contribution of the combined effect of risk factors into the development of chronic NCD using the method of neural network. Material and methods. Data on 9505 visitors seeking care at the Tomsk health centers were analyzed. To build a multidimensional decision-making model, the authors used the multi-layer perceptron algorithm implemented on the IBM Watson platform. Results. The highest accuracy of disease recognition in the test sample added up to 95.8% for diabetes mellitus. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (84.5%) and coronary heart disease (80.4%) rank second. Lower accuracy was registered for such diseases as asthma (73.6%) and arterial hypertension (73.3%). For the development of diabetes mellitus, such factors as patient’s age, level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) are equally important. Smoking and gender are identified as the most significant factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most significant contribution to the development of arterial hypertension is made by body mass index only. Age and BMI turned out to be most significant for coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension. Conclusion. Use of the neural network method makes it possible to determine contribution of risk factors to the development of chronic ICD, to predict the risk of developing a disease depending on the combination of risk factors and to carry out preventive measures in a personalized manner, taking into account clinical situation of every person. Scope of application. The results of the study can be used by managers of medical organizations to optimize approaches to preventive activities. Keywords: risk factors; chronic non-communicable diseases; neural networks

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World No Tobacco Day: Tobacco is a Threat to the One Health and Sustainability

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-812320202511.33622018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 4347-4350

Author(s):

Subhash Janardhan Bhore

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

World Health ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Long Run ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Abstract On 31st May of every year, in honour of the ‘World No Tobacco Day (WNTD),’ the international community does organise various events and encourages avoiding all forms of Tobacco consumption. To commemorate WNTD-2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted awareness to highlight the link between Tobacco and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because, Tobacco use is the second leading cause of CVD, after high blood pressure. In addition to CVD, Tobacco use is also known to cause many non-communicable diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and other complicated disorders caused by smoking. In fact, non-communicable diseases are now emerging as the primary disease burden. Globally, Tobacco use kills about 7 million people each year, and if the trend remains the same, then it will kill more than 8 million people per year by 2030. On the contrary, despite promoting awareness, the Tobacco industry is growing with little or no regulation. However, in the long run, the global community will not be able to afford business as usual as Tobacco has a direct impact on human health, environmental health and sustainable development.

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Prevalence of Selected Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Nepal

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v17i3.2327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 394-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Meghnath Dhimal ◽

Khem Bahadur Karki ◽

Sanjib Kumar Sharma ◽

Krishna Kumar Aryal ◽

Namuna Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Artery Disease

Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases has increased in the last few decades in low-and middle-income countries including in Nepal. There is limited data on population based prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Hence, this study aims to determine the nationwide prevalence of selected chronic non-communicable diseases in Nepal.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional population-based study was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Data was collected electronically on android device inbuilt with research and monitoring software from 13200 eligible participants aged 20 years and above. Data was cleaned in SPSS version 20.0 and analyzed using Stata version 13.1.Results: The overall prevalence of selected non-communicable diseases was found to be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 11.7% (95% CI: 10.5-12.9), diabetes mellitus 8.5% (95% CI: 7.8-9.3), chronic kidney disease 6.0% (95% CI: 5.5-6.6) and coronary artery disease 2.9% (95% CI: 2.4-3.4) in Nepal. Prevalence of non-communicable diseases varied across provinces. Higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25.1%, 95% CI: 18.1-33.8) in Karnali Province, diabetes (11.5%, 95% CI: 9.8-13.4) in Province 3, chronic kidney disease (6.8%, 95% CI: 5.6-8.1) in Gandaki Province and coronary artery disease in Gandaki (3.6%, 95% CI: 2.2-5.7) and Sudurpaschim Province (3.6%, 95% CI: 2.1-6.1) was observed.Conclusions: The study reported substantial proportion of adult population was found to have chronic non-communicable diseases in Nepal. The findings of this study may be useful for revising/updating multi-sectoral action plans on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in Nepal. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; coronary artery disease; diabetes mellitus; non-communicable disease.

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Vena cava filters in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary embolism

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th13-01-0006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 109 (05) ◽

pp. 897-900 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fadi Matta ◽

Paul D. Stein

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Vena Cava Filters

SummaryIn view of the high case fatality rates of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have pulmonary embolism (PE) we speculated that such patients might benefit from vena cava filters. To test this hypothesis we assessed the database of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. From 1998–2009, 440,370 patients were hospitalised with PE and COPD who were not in shock or ventilator-dependent and did not receive thrombolytic therapy or pulmonary embolectomy. In-hospital all-cause case fatality rate among those with filters was 5,890 of 68,800 (8.6%) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.4–8.8) compared with 38,960 of 371,570 (10.5%) (95% CI = 10.4–10.6) (p<0.0001) who did not receive filters. Case fatality rate was age-dependent. Only those who were older than aged 50 years had a lower in-hospital all-cause case fatality rate with filters. Among such patients, absolute risk reduction was 2.1% (95% CI = 1.9–2.3). The greatest reduction of case fatality rate with vena cava filters was shown in patients >aged 80 years, 11,720 of 81,600 (14.4%) compared with 1,570 of 17,220 (9.1%) (p<0.0001). In conclusion, a somewhat lower in-hospital all-cause case fatality rate was shown with vena filters in stable patients with PE >aged 50 years who also had COPD. The benefit was greatest in elderly patients. The benefit in terms of a decreased case fatality rate would seem to outweigh the risks of vena cava filters in such patients.

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The Association of Healthy Aging with Multimorbidity: IKARIA Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1386

Author(s):

Alexandra Foscolou ◽

Christina Chrysohoou ◽

Kyriakos Dimitriadis ◽

Konstantina Masoura ◽

Georgia Vogiatzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Aging Index ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Depression Symptomatology ◽

Study Participants

The aim of this study was to evaluate several sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the IKARIA study participants and to find healthy aging trajectories of multimorbidity of Ikarian islanders. During 2009, 1410 people (aged 30+) from Ikaria Island, Greece, were voluntarily enrolled in the IKARIA study. Multimorbidity was defined as the combination of at least two of the following chronic diseases: hypertension; hypercholesterolemia; diabetes; obesity; cancer; CVD; osteoporosis; thyroid, renal, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A healthy aging index (HAI) ranging from 0 to 100 was constructed using 4 attributes, i.e., depression symptomatology, cognitive function, mobility, and socializing. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 51% among men and 65.5% among women, while the average number of comorbidities was 1.7 ± 1.4 for men and 2.2 ± 1.4 for women. The most prevalent chronic diseases among men with multimorbidity were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity while among women they were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and thyroid disease. Multimorbidity was correlated with HAI (Spearman’s rho = −0.127, p < 0.001) and for every 10-unit increase in HAI, participants had 20% lower odds of being multimorbid. Multimorbidity in relation to HAI revealed a different trend across aging among men and women, coinciding only in the seventh decade of life. Aging is usually accompanied by chronic diseases, but multimorbidity seems to also be common among younger adults. However, healthy aging is a lifelong process that may lead to limited co-morbidities across the lifespan.

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Antithrombotic therapy in multimorbid patients with atrial fibrillation from standpoint of clinical recommendations of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation (2020). Effectiveness and safety of apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation and concomitant diseases

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2021-11-12-19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (11) ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

O. D. Ostroumova ◽

V. N. Butorov ◽

N. A. Arablinsky ◽

R. R. Romanovsky ◽

S. V. Batyukina

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Multimorbid Patients

Clinical practice and ongoing scientific research in recent years show the importance of the problem of multimorbidity in atrial fibrillation (AF). The prevalence of AF in the general population is 1–2%, while the frequency of its occurrence increases with age – from less than 0.5% at the age of 40–50 to 5–15% at the age of 80. Only 19.6% of patients with AF have no comorbidities, 69.3% of patients have 1 to 3 comorbidities, and 11.1% of patients with AF had 4 and more comorbidities. In patients with AF and with 4 and more comorbidities, the risk of death from all causes is almost seven times higher than in patients without comorbidities. As shown by the post hoc analysis of the ARISTOTLE study, apixaban was equally effective and safe in both patients without concomitant pathology and in muliborbid patients. The efficacy and safety of apixaban has been shown in AF and concomitant arterial hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, including in patients with acute coronary syndrome, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The data of scientific research in recent years are reflected in the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on AF (2020), which presents a separate section on the management of patients with concomitant diseases. It is emphasized that apixaban has shown its superiority over warfarin and other direct oral anticoagulants in terms of efficacy and safety, both in isolated AF and in patients with concomitant diseases, which makes its choice preferable in the treatment of multimirbidity AF patients.

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Occurrence and determinants of Klebsiella species bloodstream infection in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada

10.21203/rs.2.14157/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Connor B. Reid ◽

Lisa Steele ◽

Kelsey Pasquill ◽

Elizabeth C. Parfitt ◽

Kevin Laupland

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Burden Of Illness ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Population Based ◽

Hospital Length ◽

Interquartile Range ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Klebsiella Species ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract BACKGROUND: Klebsiella species are among the most common causes of bloodstream infection (BSI). However, few studies have evaluated their epidemiology in non-selected populations. The objective was to define the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes from Klebsiella species BSI among residents of the western interior of British Columbia, Canada. METHODS: Population-based surveillance was conducted between April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2017. RESULTS: 151 episodes were identified for an incidence of 12.1 per 100,000 population per year; the incidences of K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca were 9.1 and 2.9 per 100,000 per year, respectively. Overall 24 (16%) were hospital-onset, 90 (60%) were healthcare-associated, and 37 (25%) were community-associated. The median patient age was 71.4 (interquartile range, 58.8-80.9) years and 88 (58%) cases were males. Episodes were uncommon among patients aged 40 years old and no cases were observed among those aged 10 years. A number of co-morbid medical illnesses were identified as significant risks and included (incidence rate ratio; 95% confidence interval) cerebrovascular accident (5.9; 3.3-9.9), renal disease 4.3; 2.5-7.0), cancer (3.8; 2.6-5.5), congestive heart failure (3.5; 1.6-6.6), dementia (2.9; 1.5-5.2), diabetes mellitus (2.6; 1.7-3.9), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.3; 1.5-3.5). Of the 141 (93%) patients admitted to hospital, the median hospital length stay was 8 days (interquartile range, 4-17). The in-hospital and 30-day all cause case-fatality rates were 24/141 (17%) and 27/151 (18%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Klebsiella species BSI is associated with a significant burden of illness particularly among those with chronic co-morbid illnesses.

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