scholarly journals 1225Symptoms of depression and anxiety in Dutch adults during and before the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Qi ◽  
Alexander Lepe ◽  
Josué Almansa ◽  
Patricia Ots ◽  
Marlou L.A. de Kroon ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic may impact mental health outcomes differentially based on an inidivdual’s capital, i.e. resources used to maintain and enhance health. This study examined changes in depression and anxiety symptoms before and during the pandemic, and assessed their association with different elements of capital. Methods Data from 65,854 individuals (Mage=50.4, SDage=12.0) from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort were used. Baseline mental health symptoms were on average measured 4.7 (SD = 1.1) years before the first COVID-19 measurement wave (T1), and subsequent waves were (bi)weekly (March 30 — August 05, 2020). Mental health symptom trajectories were estimated using a two-part Latent Class Growth Analysis (cutoff=2 symptoms), and class membership was predicted by several elements of economic (education, income, and occupation) and person capital (neuroticism). Results Most individuals were unlikely to report □2 symptoms of depression (80.6%) and anxiety (75.9%), but small stable-high classes for both conditions were identified (1.6% and 6.7%, respectively). Compared to T0, T1 showed increases in the mean number of symptoms (Mdep_t0=4.1 vs Mdep_t1=4.7, Manx_t0=4.2 vs Manx_t1=4.3) and probability of reporting symptoms (Probdep_t0=0.65 vs Probdep_t1=0.96, Probanx_t0=0.70 vs Probanx_t1=0.92). Lower income (ORdep=1.10; 95%CI:1.05-1.16; ORanx=1.05; 95%CI:1.02-1.07) and higher neuroticism (ORdep=1.10; 95%CI:1.09-1.11; ORanx=1.08; 95%CI:1.08-1.09) increased the odds of being in both stable-high classes. Low education increased the odds of being in the stable-high depression class (ORdep=1.46; 95%CI:1.07-1.99), and higher occupation increased the odds of being in the stable-high anxiety class (ORanx=1.06; 95%CI:1.03-1.09). Conclusion Overall, a minority of individuals, who generally possessed less capital, reported an increase in symptoms of depression or anxiety. Key message Inidividuals with less capital, i.e. resources, generally experienced more symptoms of depression and anxiety, which stresses the importance of devoting more resources to improve their mental health. Keywords Longitudinal studies, Social epidemiology/determinants, Mental health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby L. Levine ◽  
Nassim Tabri ◽  
Marina Milyavskaya

Little is known about how mental health symptoms develop during the transition to university. Most anxiety and depression research fail to consider how symptom development differs over time across different individuals, and how symptom co-occurrence influences the severity of mental heath problems. Students (N = 658) completed online surveys on mental health prior to starting university and every 2 months until April. To better understand mental health problems during this transitional period, latent class growth curve analyses were run to determine how anxiety and depressive symptoms co-develop over time, as well, if self-critical perfectionism was a transdiagnostic risk factor for more severe symptom trajectories in this transition. About 40% of students experienced depression and anxiety symptoms prior to entering/ during the transition to university. There is substantial variation between students in terms of how they experience depression and anxiety symptoms, and research needs to take this heterogeneity into account to properly identify which students might benefit most from resources. Self-critical perfectionism was a transdiagnostic risk factor, such that students higher in this trait experienced more severe anxiety and depressive symptom trajectories during this transition. This research further implicates the importance of understanding and studying individual differences in symptom development.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Hamilton Vargas ◽  
Thiago Antonio Marafon ◽  
Diego Fernando Couto ◽  
Ricardo Giglio ◽  
Marvin Yan ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety disorders, are significant global concerns. Many people with these conditions don't get the help they need because of the high costs of medical treatment and the stigma attached to seeking help. Digital technologies represent a viable solution to these challenges. However, these technologies are often characterized by relatively low adherence and their effectiveness largely remains empirical unverified. While digital technologies may represent a viable solution for this persisting problem, they often lack empirical support for their effectiveness and are characterized by relatively low adherence. Conversational agents using artificial intelligence capabilities have the potential to offer a cost-effective, low-stigma and engaging way of getting mental health care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of Youper, a mobile application that utilizes a conversational interface and artificial intelligence capabilities to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults. METHODS 1,012 adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety participated in a real-world setting study, entirely remotely, unguided and with no financial incentives, over an 8-week period. Participants completed digital versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS After the eight-week study period, depression (PHQ-9) scores of participants decreased by 48% while anxiety (GAD-7) scores decreased by 43%. The RCI was outside 2 standard deviations for 93.0% of the individuals in the PHQ-9 assessment and 90.7% in the GAD-7 assessment. Participants were on average 24.79 years old (SD 7.61) and 77% female. On average, participants interacted with Youper 0.9 (SD 1.56) times per week. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that Youper is a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention for adults with depression and anxiety. CLINICALTRIAL Since this study involved a nonclinical population, it wasn't registered in a public trials registry.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Anne Boyle ◽  
Suzanne Willey ◽  
Rebecca Blackmore ◽  
Christine East ◽  
Jacqueline McBride ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Identifying mental health disorders in migrant and refugee women during pregnancy provides an opportunity for interventions that may benefit women and their families. Evidence suggests that perinatal mental health disorders impact mother-infant attachment at critical times, which can affect child development. Postnatal depression resulting in suicide is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality postpartum. Routine screening of perinatal mental health is recommended to improve the identification of depression and anxiety and to facilitate early management. However, screening is poorly implemented into routine practice. This study is the first to investigate routine screening for perinatal mental health in a maternity setting designed for refugee women. This study will determine whether symptoms of depression and anxiety are more likely to be detected by the screening program compared with routine care and will evaluate the screening program’s feasibility and acceptability to women and health care providers (HCPs). OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are (1) to assess if refugee women are more likely to screen risk-positive for depression and anxiety than nonrefugee women, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); (2) to assess if screening in pregnancy using the EPDS enables better detection of symptoms of depression and anxiety in refugee women than current routine care; (3) to determine if a screening program for perinatal mental health in a maternity setting designed for refugee women is acceptable to women; and (4) to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the perinatal mental health screening program from the perspective of HCPs (including the barriers and enablers to implementation). METHODS This study uses an internationally recommended screening measure, the EPDS, and a locally developed psychosocial questionnaire, both administered in early pregnancy and again in the third trimester. These measures have been translated into the most common languages used by the women attending the clinic and are administered via an electronic platform (iCOPE). This platform automatically calculates the EPDS score and generates reports for the HCP and woman. A total of 119 refugee women and 155 nonrefugee women have been recruited to evaluate the screening program’s ability to detect depression and anxiety symptoms and will be compared with 34 refugee women receiving routine care. A subsample of women will participate in a qualitative assessment of the screening program’s acceptability and feasibility. Health service staff have been recruited to evaluate the integration of screening into maternity care. RESULTS The recruitment is complete, and data collection and analysis are underway. CONCLUSIONS It is anticipated that screening will increase the identification and management of depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnancy. New information will be generated on how to implement such a program in feasible and acceptable ways that will improve health outcomes for refugee women. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/13271


2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Hockenberry ◽  
Mary C. Hooke ◽  
Cheryl Rodgers ◽  
Olga Taylor ◽  
Kari M. Koerner ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Knapstad ◽  
L V Lervik ◽  
S M M Saether ◽  
L E Aaroe ◽  
O R F Smith

Abstract Background Prompt Mental Health Care (PMHC) service is a Norwegian initiative, adapted from the English ‘Improved Access to Psychological Therapy’ (IAPT), aimed at improving access to primary care treatment for anxiety and depression. Thus far, both PMHC and IAPT have been evaluated by cohort studies only. Albeit yielding promising results, the extent to which these are attributable to the treatment thus remains unsettled. This study investigates the effectiveness of PMHC compared to treatment as usual (TAU) at six months follow-up. Methods Randomized controlled trial with parallel assignment in two PMHC sites from November 2015 to March 2018. Participants were 681 adults (aged ≥18 years) considered for admission to PMHC due to anxiety and/or mild to moderate depression. These were randomly assigned on a 70:30 ratio. Main outcomes were recovery rates and changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety between baseline and follow-up. Primary outcome data were available for 73%/67% in the PMHC/TAU group. Sensitivity analyses based on observed patterns of missingness were conducted. Results A reliable recovery rate of 58.5% was observed in the PMHC group and 31.9% in the TAU group, yielding a between-group effect size (ES) of 0.61 [95% CI 0.37-0.85, p<.001]. The differences in degree of improvement between PMHC and TAU yielded an ES of -0.88 [95% CI -1.23-0.43, p < 0.001] for symptoms of depression and -0.60 [95% CI -0.90-0.30, p < 0.001] for symptoms of anxiety in favour of PMHC. All sensitivity analyses pointed in the same direction with small variations in point estimates. Findings were slightly more robust for depressive than anxiety symptoms. Conclusions The PMHC treatment was substantially more effective than TAU in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression. This adaptation of IAPT is considered a viable supplement to existing health services to increase access of effective treatment for adults who suffer from anxiety and mild to moderate depression. Key messages This study is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of an IAPT-like treatment model in terms of a randomized controlled trial. Prompt Mental Health Care was substantially more effective than TAU in alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety at 6-months follow-up.


BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Butler ◽  
Isabella Romano ◽  
Karen Patte ◽  
Mark A Ferro ◽  
Margaret de Groh ◽  
...  

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine associations between depression, anxiety and binge drinking among a large sample of Canadian youth, while testing the moderating effect of flourishing. This research uses data from the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, Sedentary Behaviour (COMPASS) study (2012–2021) with a large sample size collecting data on youth health behaviours within Canadian secondary schools.DesignCross-sectionalSetting14 secondary schools across Ontario and British Columbia, Canada.ParticipantsA sample of grade 9–12 students (n=6570) who participated in the Mental Health pilot of the COMPASS studyPrimary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported questionnaires assessed student binge drinking behaviours (5≥drinks), symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Revised)−10 scores≥10) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale scores≥10), and flourishing (Diener’s Flourishing Scale: 8–40).ResultsIn our sample of 6570 students, 37.0% of students reported binge drinking in the last year, and 41.4% and 31.7% of students report clinically-relevant symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Anxiety (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.57, (99% CI 0.15 to 2.22)) and depression (AOR: 1.98, (99% CI 0.76 to 5.13)) symptoms were not found to be associated with binge drinking and we did not detect any moderating role of flourishing. Rather, factors that were associated with increased odds of binge drinking included sports team participation (AOR: 1.67, (99% CI 1.37 to 2.03)) and use of other substances (tobacco (AOR: 3.00, (99% CI 2.12 to 4.25)) and cannabis (AOR: 7.76, (99% CI 6.36 to 9.46))). Similar associations were found for frequency of binge drinking.ConclusionsConsistent with existing literature, binge drinking behaviours were problematic, as well as clinically-relevant symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, mental health problems and well-being may not be responsible for explaining patterns of binge drinking in youth. Targeted intervention efforts towards student athletes and concurrent substance users are necessary for addressing binge drinking in youth populations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-735
Author(s):  
Grace E McMahon ◽  
Peter J Anderson ◽  
Rebecca Giallo ◽  
Carmen C Pace ◽  
Jeanie L Cheong ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective Mothers of infants born very preterm (VPT) are at high risk of mental health difficulties. However, less is known about the course of fathers’ depressive and anxiety symptoms over time, and the implications this may have for early parenting behaviors. Methods In total, 100 fathers of 125 infants born VPT (<30 weeks’ gestation) completed questionnaires assessing depressive and anxiety symptoms shortly after their infant’s birth, and when their infant reached term-equivalent age, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months’ corrected age. At 12 months’ corrected age, fathers’ parenting behaviors were assessed using the Emotional Availability Scales. Longitudinal latent class analysis was used to identify trajectories of fathers’ depressive and anxiety symptoms, and linear regression equations examined relationships between these trajectories and fathers’ parenting behaviors. Results For both depressive and anxiety symptoms, two distinct trajectories were identified. For depression, most fathers were assigned to the persistently low symptom trajectory (82%), while the remainder were assigned to the persistently high symptom trajectory (18%). For anxiety, 49% of fathers were assigned to the persistently low symptom trajectory, while 51% were assigned to the trajectory characterized by moderate symptoms over the first postnatal year. There were no significant differences in parenting behaviors between fathers assigned to the different depressive and anxiety symptom trajectories. Conclusions Fathers of infants born VPT are at risk of chronic depressive and anxiety symptoms over the first postnatal year, highlighting the need for screening and ongoing support.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Pouso ◽  
Angel Borja ◽  
Lora E. Fleming ◽  
Erik Gómez-Baggethun ◽  
Mathew White ◽  
...  

There is growing evidence that exposure to the natural world (blue-green spaces) has potential benefits for mental health and well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures adopted to control it provide a natural experiment to investigate the links between nature exposure and mental health under extreme conditions. Using a survey distributed online and based on 6,080 responses, we tested three hypotheses: (1) people will show different levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety depending on the level of lockdown (severity) and ability to maintain contact with outdoor spaces; and (2) where access to outdoor public spaces was restricted, those with access to private outdoor spaces (2a) or even a green-blue nature view (2b) will show fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety and a more positive mood. Lockdown severity significantly affected mental health, while contact with nature helped people to cope with these impacts. The buffering effect of nature was especially relevant for those under strict lockdowns. People perceived that nature helped them to cope with lockdown measures; and emotions were more positive among individuals with accessible outdoor spaces and blue-green elements in their views. These findings can help decision-makers in developing potential future lockdown measures to mitigate the negative impacts, helping people to be more resilient and maintain better mental health.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gry Anette Sælid ◽  
Nikolai Czajkowski ◽  
Leif Edvard Aarø ◽  
John Roger Andersen ◽  
Thormod Idsøe ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundThe previous decade has shown increased symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents. To promote mental health and reduce mental illness, the government of Norway has, as in other countries, pledged that all schools must incorporate life-skills education. We report results from an evaluation of MindPower, a modification of the Coping With Depression (CWD) course, delivered universally in the classroom to secondary high school students, aged 15-16 years, in one county in Norway. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of MindPower on symptoms of depression and anxiety.MethodsWe utilized a two-groups` delayed intervention design where 110 first year high school classes were randomized into one of two intervention groups (IG1 and IG2). IG1 participated in MindPower while IG2 served as a control group for four months until the intervention started also in this group. IG1 and IG2 responded to questionnaires before and after the eight weeks course, at the start of the first and the second booster session, and at the five months follow up. Questionnaires, including online versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-8) and the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS-2:SF), were administered to 1673 out of a total of 2384 students. SCL-levels were also compared with those from a large population study (UngData).ResultsAccording to mixed model analyses, SCL-8 and RADS-2:SF showed significant baseline differences between IG1 and IG2. In IG1 and IG2, both SCL-8 and RADS-2:SF showed a small but significant increase in mean scores throughout the study period, with markedly lower mean scores among boys. The SCL-levels were first lower for both girls and boys and then after the completion of MindPower the SCL-levels, equal to the SCL-levels in UngData.ConclusionsNo effects of the intervention were found. This large universal school-based trial suffered from considerable drop-out of participants. Experiences from implementation and evaluation of universal mental health promotion and preventive school interventions are thoroughly discussed, including, preparation, resources, support, time, realistic expectations, teacher selection and training, implementation, and research designs and more. Several empirically based, practical advices are presented. Clinical Trial registration 27/08/2018. Registration number NCT03647826.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Matheus Cabanha Paniago Almada ◽  
Romano Deluque Júnior ◽  
Cesar Augusto Marton ◽  
Mariane Moreira Ramiro do Carmo

OBJETIVO: Discutir os modos como um estado de quarentena e de distanciamento social, por motivos de pandemia, alteram os hábitos de atividade física da população e incidem em impactos diante da saúde mental das pessoas inseridas no referido contexto. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo pretende ser um ensaio de discussão teórica, com delineamentos explicativos/analíticos, utilizando-se de artigos recentemente publicados e indexados, para identificar os pontos negativos e positivos do distanciamento social e da quarentena, bem como, discutir os seus efeitos na saúde mental. Pretende-se ainda, argumentar em favor da prática de atividades físicas, como ferramenta redutora da tensão e da ansiedade, tão características do atual cenário pandêmico. RESULTADOS: Considerando que uma situação de distanciamento social, ou de quarentena, alteram os hábitos da população, verifica-se que as mudanças de rotinas fazem emergir sentimentos de frustração e tédio, além disso, a falta de contato físico e social provoca a sensação de isolamento perante o resto do mundo e angústia aquele que vivencia o fenômeno. Uma estratégia para combater os efeitos negativos na saúde mental decorrente a quarentena e o iso-lamento social, é a prática de atividades físicas. Dentre os benefícios da prática de atividades físicas para a saúde mental, demonstrou-se que a mesma, quando feita regularmente, está associada a diminuição de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade. CONCLUSÃO: Sabendo dos impactos psicológicos que são gerados nesse período, e fazendo uma associa-ção com os estudos que demonstram os benefícios das atividades físicas, é possível afirmar que a prática dos pode ser uma estratégia eficiente de enfrentamento, porém, estudos es-pecíficos devem ainda ser realizados.ABSTRACT. Mental health and physical activity practice in quarantine: a theoretical discussion essay.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the ways in which a state of quarantine and social detachment, for reasons of a pandemic, changes the habits of the population and impacts on the mental health of people in the context. METHODS: The present study intends to be a theoretical discussion essay, with explanatory / analytical designs, which uses recently published and indexed articles, to identify the negative and positive points of social detachment and quarantine, as well as to discuss its effects on mental health. It is also intended to argue in favor of the practice of physical activities, as a tool to reduce tension and anxiety, so characteristic of the current pandemic scenario.  RESULTS: Considering that a situation of social detachment, or quarantine changes the habits of the population, it is also verified that changes in routines emerge feelings of frustration and boredom, in addition, the lack of physical and social contact causes feeling of isolation from the rest of the world and distressing those who experience the phenomenon. A strategy to combat the negative effects on mental health resulting from quarantine and social isolation, is the practice of physical exercises. Among the benefits of physical exercise for mental health, it has been shown that regular physical activity is associated with decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Knowing the psychological impacts that are generated in this period, and making an association with the studies that demonstrate the benefits of physical exercises, it is possible to say that the practice of activities can be an efficient coping strategy, however, specific studies must still be performed.


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