scholarly journals Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and timing of puberty in sons and daughters: a population-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1684-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nis Brix ◽  
Andreas Ernst ◽  
Lea L B Lauridsen ◽  
Onyebuchi A Arah ◽  
Ellen A Nohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Timing Of Puberty ◽  
Obesity In Pregnancy ◽  
Axillary Hair ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background In many countries, an increased prevalence of obesity in pregnancy has coincided with a declining pubertal age. We aimed to explore the potential effect of maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity on timing of puberty in sons and daughters. Methods Between 2012 and 2018, 15 819 of 22 439 invited children from the Danish National Birth Cohort, born 2000–03, provided half-yearly information from the age of 11 years on the pubertal milestones: Tanner stages, voice break, first ejaculation, menarche, acne and axillary hair. We estimated adjusted mean monthly differences (with 95% confidence intervals) in age at attaining the pubertal milestones for children exposed to maternal pre-pregnancy obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥30.0 kg/m2] or overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2) with normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) as reference. In mediation analysis, we explored whether childhood BMI at age 7 years mediated the associations. Results Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with earlier age at attaining most pubertal milestones in sons, and pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with earlier age at attaining all pubertal milestones in daughters. When combining all pubertal milestones, pre-pregnancy obesity [sons: −1.5 (−2.5, −0.4) months; daughters: −3.2 (−4.2, −2.1) months] and overweight [daughters only: −2.6 (−3.3, −1.8) months] were associated with earlier timing of puberty. The associations in sons were completely mediated by higher childhood BMI and partly so in daughters. Conclusions Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity appears to lower timing of puberty through childhood obesity in sons and mainly through other mechanisms in daughters.

scholarly journals Associations Between Anxiety Disorder Diagnoses and Body Mass Index Differ by Age, Sex and Race: A Population Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona S. DeJesus ◽  
Carmen R. Breitkopf ◽  
Jon O. Ebbert ◽  
Lila J. Finney Rutten ◽  
Robert M. Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Rochester Epidemiology Project

Background: Few large studies have examined correlations between anxiety and body mass index (BMI) by gender or racial groups using clinical data. Objective: This study aimed to determine associations between diagnosed anxiety disorders and BMI, and evaluate whether observed associations varied by demographic characteristics. Method: Data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) data linkage system were analyzed to examine associations between anxiety disorders and BMI among adults ages 18-85 residing in Olmsted County, MN in 2009 (n=103,557). Height and weight data were available for 75,958 people (73%). The international classification of underweight, overweight, and obesity by BMI was used. Results: Population consisted of 56% females, 92.8% White individuals, with median age of 46 years. When adjusted for age, sex, and race, we observed a U-shaped association between anxiety and BMI group. Underweight and obese individuals were more likely to have an anxiety diagnosis compared to normal weight individuals. Stratification by sex yielded a U-shaped association between anxiety and BMI only in women. Stratification by race showed a U-shaped association between anxiety and BMI only in the White population. Anxiety was significantly associated only with obesity in the Black population. Anxiety was not associated with a BMI category in Asian or Hispanic groups. Among elderly group, there is inverse correlation between anxiety and obesity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that anxiety may have heterogeneous associations with BMI in the population. Further research on potential mechanisms contributing to these findings will help direct efforts in anxiety and obesity management across diverse population groups.

scholarly journals Obesity in pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period - guidelines and recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bihter Akın
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Obesity In Pregnancy ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
In Pregnancy

The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in the world and in our country. The increasing prevalence of obesity in the community causes the presence of many health problems including diabetes, heart disease and certain cancers, as well as the likelihood of complications occurring in women at the same time during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period. For this reason, obese pregnants should be given a different care than the normal weight pregnant women in order to prevent the complications that may occur during delivery and postpartum period.In many countries, there are maintenance guidelines for this care, based on evidence-based studies.In many countries, there are maintenance guidelines for this care, based on evidence-based studies. In this rewiew, it is aimed to review the guidelines related to obesity during pregnancy, delivery  and postpartum period. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Obezite prevalansı tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde hızla artış göstermektedir. Toplumda artan obezite prevelansı diyabet , kalp hastalığı ve belirli kanserler dahil olmak üzere birçok sağlık probleminin görülme durumunun ve kadınlarda aynı zamanda gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu dönemde komplikasyon görülme olasılığının da artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle obez gebelere doğum ve doğum sonrası dönemde oluşabilecek komplikasyonları da önlemeye yönelik normal kiloda olan gebelerden daha  farklı bir bakım verilmelidir. Birçok ülkede bu bakıma yönelik kanıta dayalı çalışmalardan faydalanılarak oluşturulmuş bakım rehberleri bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonrası dönemde obezite ile ilgili rehberlerin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity in pregnancy: their impact on epigenetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Reichetzeder
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Obesity In Pregnancy ◽  
And Function ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractOver the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen to epidemic proportions worldwide. Consequently, the number of obesity in pregnancy has risen drastically. Gestational overweight and obesity are associated with impaired outcomes for mother and child. Furthermore, studies show that maternal obesity can lead to long-term consequences in the offspring, increasing the risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease in later life. In addition to genetic mechanisms, mounting evidence demonstrates the induction of epigenetic alterations by maternal obesity, which can affect the offspring’s phenotype, thereby influencing the later risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Clear evidence in this regard comes from various animal models of maternal obesity. Evidence derived from clinical studies remains limited. The current article gives an overview of pathophysiological changes associated with maternal obesity and their consequences on placental structure and function. Furthermore, a short excurse is given on epigenetic mechanisms and emerging data regarding a putative interaction between metabolism and epigenetics. Finally, a summary of important findings of animal and clinical studies investigating maternal obesity-related epigenetic effects is presented also addressing current limitations of clinical studies.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Age-Based Formula to Predict the Size and Depth of Cuffed Oral Preformed Endotracheal Tubes in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132098051
Author(s):  
Matula Tareerath ◽  
Peerachatra Mangmeesri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Size ◽  
Actual Size

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate the reliability of the age-based formula, year/4 + 3.5 mm in predicting size and year/2 + 12 cm in predicting insertion depth of preformed endotracheal tubes in children and correlate these data with the body mass index. Patients and Methods: Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their nutritional status: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity; we then retrospectively compared the actual size of endotracheal tube and insertion depth to the predicting age-based formula and to the respective bend-to-tip distance of the used preformed tubes. Results: Altogether, 300 patients were included. The actual endotracheal tube size corresponded with the Motoyama formula (64.7%, 90% CI: 60.0-69.1), except for thin patients, where the calculated size was too large (0.5 mm). The insertion depth could be predicted within the range of the bend-to-tip distance and age-based formula in 85.0% (90% CI: 81.3-88.0) of patients. Conclusion: Prediction of the size of cuffed preformed endotracheal tubes using the formula of Motoyama was accurate in most patients, except in thin patients (body mass index < −2 SD). The insertion depth of the tubes was mostly in the range of the age-based-formula to the bend-to-tip distance.

Body Mass Index Trends Among Adult U.S. Special Olympians, 2005–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Foley ◽  
Meghann Lloyd ◽  
Viviene A. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
Social Environmental

This study examined temporal trends in body mass index (BMI) among United States adults with intellectual disability (ID) participating in Special Olympics from 2005 to 2010. In addition, the prevalence of obesity was compared with published National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) statistics. After data cleaning, 6,004 height and weight records (male = 57%) were available from the Special Olympics International Healthy Athletes Health Promotion database for the calculation of BMI. Rates of overweight and obesity were very high but generally stable over time. Compared with NHANES statistics, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher for Special Olympics female participants in each data collection cycle. Integrated efforts to understand the social, environmental, behavioral, and biological determinants of obesity and among Special Olympics participants are needed.

scholarly journals Nutrition Literacy among Adolescents and Its Association with Eating Habits and BMI in Tripoli, Lebanon

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sara Taleb ◽  
Leila Itani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional

(1) Background: Adolescence is a period of increased autonomy and independent decision making; it determines health behaviors that can persist into the future. Individual factors like food choices and unhealthy lifestyle have an essential role in the development and prevention of obesity among adolescents and are associated with the nutrition literacy of parents and other adults. While the association of parents’ nutrition literacy with adolescent BMI has been addressed, there is still a scarcity of studies that examine the effect of adolescents’ nutrition literacy on their eating habits and body mass index (BMI) status. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted that included 189 adolescents (68 with overweight and obesity and 121 with normal weight) aged between 14–19 years from four private schools in Tripoli, Lebanon. A self-administered questionnaire that included the Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLAI) and the Adolescent Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) was used. Anthropometrics were measured using standardized procedures. The association between nutrition literacy, food habits and BMI was assessed using a chi squared test for independence and Poisson regression analysis where suitable. (3) Results: Results indicated no association between all five components of nutrition literacy and body mass index categories. Furthermore, there was no association between the Adolescent Food Habits Checklist and overweight or obese BMI status (RR = 0.947, 95%CI: 0.629–1.426) (p = 0.796). No association was observed between nutrition literacy and food habits, except for an inverse association with macronutrients literacy. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, the study indicated that there was no association between the components of nutrition literacy with body mass index or with food habits, except for macronutrient literacy.

To Determine the Prevalence of Obesity in Breast Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Breast Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Pakistan alone has the highest rate of Breast Cancer than any other Asian country as approximately 90000 new cases are diagnosed every year out of which 40000 dies. Obesity is also a critical public health problem growing with every passing year in Pakistan and worldwide. Research studies are being conducted worldwide regarding the relation between the two problems. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity in breast cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: BMI is used as a screening tool for overweight and obesity. According to World Health Organization, a body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. A retrospective analysis of 262 patients diagnosed with Breast Cancer during 2019 and 2020 was performed. Patients’ hospital records in Oncology were reviewed. The weight in kilograms and height in centimeters of patients were reviewed. Their BMI was calculated and recorded using the SPSS system. Results: The median BMI was 28.25 kg/m2 with an interquartile range of 25.15 - 31.99 kg/m2. Nearly 80% of the study participants had body mass index higher than normal levels (n=203, 77.5%) and out of them approximately half were overweight (n=104, 51.2%) and the remaining were obese (n=99, 48.7%). Conclusion: We conclude from our study that body mass index is positively correlated with breast cancer occurrence and thus the proportion of females having BMI >= 25 was significantly higher among patients.

scholarly journals Body mass index and lifetime healthcare utilization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hansen Edwards ◽  
Eline Aas ◽  
Jonas Minet Kinge
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Global Public Health

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity is a major global public health challenge, and understanding the implications for healthcare systems is essential for policy planning. Past studies have typically found positive associations between obesity and healthcare utilization, but these studies have not taken into consideration that obesity is also associated with early mortality. We examined associations between body mass index (BMI, reported as kg/m2) and healthcare utilization with and without taking BMI-specific survival into consideration. Methods: We used nationally representative data on 33 882 adults collected between 2002 and 2015. We computed BMI- and age-specific primary and secondary care utilization and multiplied the estimated values with gender-, age-, and BMI-specific probabilities of surviving to each age. Then, we summed the average BMI-specific utilization between 18 and 85 years. Results: During a survival-adjusted lifetime, males with normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9) had, on average, 167 primary care, and 77 secondary care contacts. In comparison, males with overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9), category I obesity (BMI: 30.0–34.9), and category II/III obesity (BMI ≥35.0) had 11%, 41%, and 102% more primary care, and 14%, 29%, and 78% more secondary care contacts, respectively. Females with normal weight had, on average, 210 primary care contacts and 91 secondary care contacts. Females with overweight, category I obesity, and category II/III obesity had 20%, 34%, and 81% more primary care contacts, and 26%, 16%, and 16% more secondary care contacts, respectively. Conclusion: The positive association between BMI and healthcare utilization was reduced, but not offset, when BMI-specific survival was taken into consideration. Our findings underpin previous research and suggest that interventions to offset the increasing prevalence of overweight, and especially obesity, are warranted.

scholarly journals Enhanced endothelin-1 system activity with overweight and obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (3) ◽  
pp. H689-H695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Weil ◽  
Christian M. Westby ◽  
Gary P. Van Guilder ◽  
Jared J. Greiner ◽  
Brian L. Stauffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Study Population

Endothelin (ET)-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone contributes to the development and progression of several adiposity-related conditions, including hypertension and atherosclerotic vascular disease. The aims of the present study were to determine 1) whether endogenous ET-1 vasoconstrictor activity is elevated in overweight and obese adults, and, if so, 2) whether increased ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction contributes to the adiposity-related impairment in endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Seventy-nine adults were studied: 34 normal weight [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2], 22 overweight (BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2), and 23 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra-arterial infusion of ET-1 (5 pmol/min for 20 min) and selective ET-1 receptor blockade (BQ-123, 100 nmol/min for 60 min) were determined. In a subset of the study population, FBF responses to ACh (4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 μg·100 ml tissue−1·min−1) were measured in the absence and presence of selective ET-1 receptor blockade. The vasoconstrictor response to ET-1 was significantly blunted in overweight and obese adults (∼70%) compared with normal weight adults. Selective ET-1 receptor blockade elicited a significant vasodilator response (∼20%) in overweight and obese adults but did not alter FBF in normal weight adults. Coinfusion of BQ-123 did not affect FBF responses to ACh in normal weight adults but resulted in an ∼20% increase ( P < 0.05) in ACh-induced vasodilation in overweight and obese adults. These results demonstrate that overweight and obesity are associated with enhanced ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction that contributes to endothelial vasodilator dysfunction and may play a role in the increased prevalence of hypertension with increased adiposity.

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