Differences in Potassium Values Determined by Official AOAC Extraction Procedures

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-717
Author(s):  
Paul R Rexroad ◽  
Charles W Gehrke
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Oxalate Extraction

Abstract An investigation of a major difference in a special sample showed the reason for the potassium value differences in many routine fertilizer samples. Lower K2O values by AOAC official carbonate extraction method 2.079(a) as compared with AOAC official oxalate extraction method 2.070(a) were found consistently for 17 typical mixed fertilizer samples investigated. An average lower absolute difference of 0.4% K2O was found on the typical mixed fertilizers by carbonate extraction. Studies show that this difference is associated with the impurities in fertilizer grade phosphate raw materials, particularly the varying solubility of the (Fe,Al) (NH4,K,H) phosphates.

Extraction Process of Amaranthine Pigment Keeping the Water Wax Fuit Biological Active

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Feng Jie Wang ◽  
Xin Qiao Dong ◽  
Xiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Natural Pigment ◽  
Pigment Extraction ◽  
Acid Aqueous Solution ◽  
The Stability

Development natural pigment retained a variety of nutrition composition is extremely research value.Water Wax Trees Fruit was as raw materials,citric acid aqueous solution was as extracting agent.Amaranthine pigment extraction method were studied on fully grasping the stability of the natural amaranthine pigment and no damage to the water wax fruit biological activity.The effect of extraction yield were studied on Water Wax Trees Fruit natural amaranthine pigment.The results show that the better extraction conditions are extraction temperature at 70 °C, extraction time for 3h,citric acid concentration1.0 % , the material/liquid ration(g/ml) 1:5.The extraction yield is 2.95%.Ultraviolet absorption maximum wavelength is 280 nm.

scholarly journals Development of beverage recipes with specified bio-corrective properties based on plant raw materials with the ultrasonic extraction method

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
M. V. Manukovskaya ◽  
I. P. Shchetilina ◽  
A. G. Kudryakova ◽  
S. R. Kozlova ◽  
A. O. Torosyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Extraction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Active Substances

The development of targeted beverages is a priority for healthy eating. Plant raw materials containing a wide variety of biologically active substances are used for their production. The presence of these ingredients helps to improve many physiological processes in the body, as well as to increase its immune status. The high efficiency of ultrasonic effects on various technological processes was confirmed by numerous studies. Ultrasonic extraction was carried out at t = 20 ? and an ultrasonic wave frequency of 22 kHz. As a result of the research, it was found that the equilibrium state is achieved within 15 minutes with ultrasound exposure. Natural raw materials, their chemical composition and the influence on the human body were studied in the work to develop new beverages recipes. The selected ingredients in a certain quantitative ratio made it possible to obtain beverages with improved bio-corrective properties, which allows satisfying the daily requirement of the human body for biologically active substances. Ultrasonic exposure has a positive effect on the organoleptic characteristics of the beverage and the aftertaste, as proved by the comparative organoleptic evaluation of the samples. The functional properties of the beverages developed were confirmed experimentally. The following was determined in the beverages: macronutrients content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C content, shelf life duration. The ultrasonic extraction method application in the technology of beverages manufacturing allows: to reduce the preparation time by half, to reduce the amount of raw materials by 15%, to increase the content of macronutrients by 45%, to increase the content of vitamin C by 35%, to increase the antioxidant activity by 45-50%, to increase storage stability by 50-60%, to improve organoleptic characteristics. The results obtained prove the intensifying effect of ultrasonic exposure in the production of functional beverages.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK SEA HYDROBIONT RESOURCE STUDY METHOD AS A NEW ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE DIRECTION OF PHARMACOLOGY AIMING TOWARD SAVE HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
O P Chzhu ◽  
D E Araviashvili ◽  
A L Tumanova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract The selection of the Black Sea aquatic area as a hydrobiont biologically active compound source allows resolving several environmental problems including development of an integrated hydrobiological resource management system for the Black Sea as a new sector of modern pharmacology. Aquatic organisms produce unique secondary metabolites. This paper presents the results of studies on the development of the biologically active substance extraction technology from non-commercial aquatic organisms as well as a preliminary assessment of the biochemical activity of the substrates obtained. Biologically active substances were extracted using the of two-phase extraction method in conjunction with ultrasound. For the substrates, the antioxidant activity was determined utilising the method that allow conducting screening of pharmaceutical raw materials and biologically active substances with high antioxidant activity. The protective activity evaluation was carried out during the study of the enzymatic alcoholic fermentation kinetics within a self-contained system. The evaluation of lymphocytes proliferative activities influenced by the obtained substrates was carried out using the cultivation method. The acquired data allows recommending the two-phase extraction method combined with ultrasonic voiceover as the effective one when processing analogical marine raw materials. The isolated substrates are characterised by a pronounced biochemical activity in relation to the living systems cells, which suggests a significant synergistic effect with derivatives of the microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris.

scholarly journals Determination of Fish Flesh Content in Frozen Coated Fish Products (Modification of AOAC Official Method 971.13): Collaborative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E Fox Dobson ◽  
Foster D McClure ◽  
Alvin P Rainosek ◽  
K Dashiell ◽  
J Fox Dobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Fully Cooked ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract An intralaboratory1collaborative study evaluated a modified version of AOAC Official Method 971.13 for determining the fish flesh content (FFC) in frozen coated fish products by comparing it with the on-line method. Eleven collaborators analyzed 36 products (a total of 6336 test samples). Each product targeted one of 4 percent fish flesh (PFF) levels (35,50,65, and 80). Products were manufactured from one of 3 raw materials (fillet blocks, minced blocks, and natural fillets) and processed in one of 4 forms (sticks, portions, formed portions, and fillets) and one of 4 styles (raw breaded, batter-dipped, precooked, and fully cooked). Each “official” test sample was tracked through the processing system and weighed (1) before battering and/or breading and, depending on product style, before frying; and (2) after battering and/or breading and, depending on product style, after frying; so that it served as its own control.

scholarly journals Comparison of Babcock and Ether Extraction Methods for Determination of Fat Content of Cream: Collaborative Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M Lynch ◽  
David M Barbano ◽  
J Richard Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract A modified Mojonnier ether extraction method for determination of the fat content of cream was developed based on the method for milk (AOAC Official Method 989.05). The cream Babcock method (AOAC Official Method 920.111 B-C) was modified to harmonize with the milk Babcock method (AOAC Official Method 989.04) and to clarify procedural details. Using the AOAC collaborative study format, 10 laboratories tested 9 pairs of blind duplicate heat-treated cream samples with a fat range of 30-45% using both methods. The statistical performance (invalid and outlier data removed) was as follows: mean % fat = 37.932, sr = 0.125, sR = 0.151, RSDr = 0.330, RSDR = 0.398, r = 0.354, and R = 0.427 for the ether extraction method. For the Babcock method, mean % fat = 38.209, sr = 0.209, SR = 0.272, RSDr = 0.548, RSDR = 0.712, r = 0.592, and R = 0.769. Average test results for fat from the Babcock method were 0.277% (absolute fat) greater than for the Mojonnier ether extraction method. The difference between methods, as a percentage of the average fat content of the samples, was 0.73%. This agrees with differences observed between the 2 methods for milk when 10 to 17 laboratories tested 7 milk samples in blind duplicate at bimonthly intervals over a 4-year period (average difference 0.029% fat, 0.78% as a percentage of average fat content). The Mojonnier ether extraction and Babcock methods for fat in cream have been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. The new Babcock method replaced the AOAC Official Method 920.111 B-C.

scholarly journals THE CHARACTERISTICS OF REED LIGHTWEIGHT CLAY BRICKS AFTER DRYING PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Ghazwan Abdulsamad Salman Algburi
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Fine Control

The drying procedure is one of the basic stages in the brick making process, particularly when utilizing the extrusion framing technique. This stage decides the quality and amount of the brick samples. One of the characteristic waste vegetable materials is reed, whish is found in huge amounts in Iraq and numerous other nations. Five weight proportions of reed crumbs (5,10,15,20 and 25%) were utilized to produce lightweight clay bricks. Lab samples were shaped with dimensions of (25×38×76mm) using the vacuum extraction method. Brick properties were tested after drying to determine the values of longitudinal drying shrinkage, bulk density, and compression strength. In order to check the property of lightweight clay brick samples, the samples were burned in the furnace at a temperature of 1000°C with a burning rate of 2°C per minute. The significance of this research is to know the optimal proportions of the reed crumbs that prompts exact control of the drying procedure. This fine control brings about samples of lightweight bricks of the required dimensions and without cracks that influence their properties after drying and become more visible after burning. This knowledge will prompt the decrease of waste in raw materials and energy utilized in the manufacturing of a particular amount of lightweight bricks and, along these lines, reduce the expense of production. ABSTRAK: Prosedur pengeringan merupakan salah satu peringkat asas dalam proses membuat bata, terutamanya apabila menggunakan teknik pembingkaian penyemperitan. Peringkat ini memutuskan kualiti dan jumlah sampel bata. Salah satu daripada bahan-bahan sayur-sayuran sisa buatan adalah buluh, ia didapati dalam jumlah besar di Iraq dan banyak negara yang berbeza. Sebanyak 5 buah berat serbuk reed (5,10,15,20 dan 25%) digunakan untuk menghasilkan bata tanah liat yang ringan. Model makmal dibentuk dengan dimensi (25 × 38 × 76mm) dengan menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan vakum. Ciri-ciri bata telah diuji selepas pengeringan untuk menentukan nilai-nilai kepekatan pengeringan longitudinal, ketumpatan pukal dan kekuatan mampatan. Untuk memeriksa sampel tanah liat ringan tanahpropertyof, model-model tersebut dibakar dalam relau pada suhu 1000 ° C dengan kadar pembakaran 2°C seminit. Kepentingan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkadaran optimum serbuk reed yang menimbulkan kawalan tepat terhadap prosedur pengeringan. Kawalan halus ini membawa model-model bata yang ringan dari dimensi yang diperlukan dan tanpa retak yang mempengaruhi sifatnya selepas pengeringan dan menjadi lebih terlihat selepas terbakar. Pengetahuan ini akan mendorong penurunan sisa bahan mentah dan tenaga yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sejumlah bata ringan dan di sepanjang garisan ini mengurangkan perbelanjaan pengeluaran.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF THE EXTRACTION PROCESS IN THE INSTALLATION FOR EXTREME IN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTENSIFICATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Larisa Fialkovska
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
The Press ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Experimental Researches

Іn the article an overview of the methods of extraction of oilseeds is carried out. The purpose of the work was to carry out the study of the extraction process at the installation for extraction in an electromagnetic intensifier (EEMI). The only way to ensure virtually complete oil extraction is the extraction method, in which the forces that convert the oil into a solution exceed the forces that hold oil in the extracted material. Today, the extraction method for oil extraction at Ukrainian plants is leading, as it provides greater yield of oil than with the use of the press process. The object of research is the use of rapeseed and soybean seeds, locally, oil obtained as a result of extraction of oilseeds. Experimental researches were carried out in laboratory conditions at the department "Processes and equipment of processing and food industries of a name of professor P. S. Bernik" of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Production tests of the laboratory sample of the extractor were carried out at PJSC "Vinnitsa OZHK". Physical and chemical researches of raw materials and intermediate materials were carried out. The optimum temperature regimes of the extraction process are established. The expediency and necessity of use as a solvent of ethyl alcohol is described. The research of rapeseed and soybean oils obtained as a result of extraction was conducted. The production of oil on the plant for extraction in an electromagnetic intensifier (EEMI) will enable the product to meet the requirements of regulatory documents and has a higher content of biologically active substances - tocopherols in comparison with traditional methods.

scholarly journals Determination of total organic phosphorus in samples of mineral soils

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Mineral Soils

In this paper some observations on the estimation of organic phosphorus in mineral soils are reported. The fact is emphasized that the accuracy of all the methods available is relatively poor. Usually, there are no reasons to pay attention to differences less than about 20 ppm. of organic P. Analyses performed on 345 samples of Finnish mineral soils by the extraction method of MEHTA et. al. (10) and by a simple procedure adopted by the author (successive extractions with 4 N H2SO4 and 0.5 N NaOH at room temperature in the ratio of 1 to 100) gave, on the average, equal results. It seemed to be likely that the MEHTA method removed the organic phosphorus more completely than did the less vigorous method, but in the former the partial hydrolysis of organic phosphorus compounds tends to be higher than in the latter. An attempt was made to find out whether the differences between the respective values for organic phosphorus obtained by an ignition method and the simple extraction method could be connected with any characteristics of the soil. No correlation or only a low correlation coefficient could be calculated between the difference in the results of these two methods and e. g. the pH-value, the content of clay, organic carbon, aluminium and iron soluble in Tamm’s acid oxalate, the indicator of the phosphate sorption capacity, or the »Fe-bound» inorganic phosphorus, respectively. The absolute difference tended to increase with an increase in the content of organic phosphorus. For the 250 samples of surface soils analyzed, the ignition method gave values which were, on the average, about 50 ppm. higher than the results obtained by the extraction procedure. The corresponding difference for the 120 samples from deeper layers was about 20 ppm of organic P. The author recommends, for the present, the determination of the total soil organic phosphorus as an average of the results obtained by the ignition method and the extraction method.

A MODIFICATION OF THE PIGEON CROP SAC ASSAY FOR LACTOTROPHIC HORMONE DETERMINATIONS BY MEANS OF THE ADDITION OF PREDNISOLONE

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Herlyn ◽  
K. Jantzen ◽  
D. Flaskamp ◽  
H. Hoffmann ◽  
Ilse von Berswordt-Wallrabe
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Acetone Extraction ◽  
Preliminary Extraction ◽  
Inflammation Reaction

ABSTRACT For LTH-determination in biological material without preliminary extraction procedures the pigeon crop sac assay, performed by the micro-method of Grosvenor & Turner (1958), and modified by the addition of prednisolone to the standard or test material was used. Serum samples of lactating women caused no inflammations of the skin of the pigeons, and the crop sacs hardly showed any signs of inflammation. Reaction sites could be measured more easily, and the LTH activities in the plasma were about 3 times higher than in plasma processed by the acetone extraction method of Sulman (1956).

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