scholarly journals PSI-2 Effects of extended release eprinomectin on heifer performance while grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue or housed in drylot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Julissa Navarrete ◽  
Sarah Graham ◽  
Lucas Neira ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
Daniel W Shike
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Objectives were to evaluate the effects of LongRange, an extended-release eprinomectin, on beef heifer performance while grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue or housed in drylot. Fall-born, Angus × Simmental heifers (n = 153) were utilized in a split-plot design. Heifers were stratified by BW and assigned to 6 groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 environmental treatments: grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue (Pasture) or housed in drylot and fed alfalfa hay. Within environmental treatment groups, heifers were randomly assigned to LongRange (LR) or control (Saline). Prior to experiment initiation, heifers were treated with oral fenbendazole (SafeGuard) to minimize parasite load. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. At d 0, 56, and 112, heifer BW, ADG, BCS, hair coat score (HCS), and fecal egg counts (FEC) were collected. Treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.17) BW on d 0 and 56. On d 112, drylot heifers tended (P = 0.08) to be heavier than pasture heifers and LR increased (P = 0.01) BW. There was an interaction (P = 0.02) for ADG; LR increased ADG to a greater magnitude in pasture than drylot heifers. On d 0, 56, and 112, there was no interaction or LongRange effect (P ≥ 0.11) on BCS; however, pasture heifers had greater (P = 0.05) d 112 BCS than drylot heifers. On d 56, there was an interaction (P = 0.01) on HCS; LR decreased HCS in pasture heifers, but did not affect HCS in drylot heifers. Although treatment did not effect (P ≤ 0.33) FEC at d 0, there was an interaction (P = 0.01) observed on d 56. LongRange decreased FEC in pasture heifers but not in drylot. In conclusion, LongRange increased heifer growth performance with a greater difference for heifers grazing tall fescue, compared with heifers in drylot.

scholarly journals 94 Impact of a Hydrolyzed Yeast Product on Performance, Hair Coat Shedding, and Behavior of Cows Grazing Pastures Containing Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
Patricia L Harrelson ◽  
Rick Martin ◽  
Brent Rogers ◽  
Flint W Harrelson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Yeast Product ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Endophyte-infected tall fescue creates a multitude of problems for many beef producers, with supplementation being one management strategy to decrease these problems. Our research objective was to determine if supplementation with a hydrolyzed yeast product could alleviate some symptoms of fescue toxicosis in mature cows. Across the 3-yr study, Angus cow-calf pairs (n = 34, 38, 34) were stratified by cow age and body weight then randomly allotted to one of two treatments; control mineral (CON) or hydrolyzed yeast mineral (HYM). Cattle in both treatment groups grazed the same mixed grass pastures (n = 6, 8, 8; 1.21 ha each) which contained varying levels of endophyte (20 – 90%) as measured prior to each year, in a rotational pattern for 126, 133, or 140 d, depending upon year. Prior to entering a new pasture weekly, cows were weighed and assigned a BCS and hair coat score (HC) by two independent, trained personnel. Cow behavior was measured every 15-min within a 2-h block weekly. Percentage of cows active or inactive, outside or inside a barn was recorded. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cow BW change was affected (P < 0.01) by a treatment×year interaction. Cow BCS increased in HYM vs. CON cows (0.34 vs. 0.06; P < 0.01; SEM = 0.08) across the entire trial. Cows consuming the HYM supplement also spent a greater percentage of time outside being active (P < 0.01) and a lower percentage of time inside being inactive (P < 0.01) compared to CON cows. Results from this trial indicate that the hydrolyzed yeast mineral may be an effective tool to aid in combating heat stress associated with fescue toxicosis.

scholarly journals PSIV-26 Effects of extended-release eprinomectin on heifer growth and reproductive performance while grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue or housed in drylot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
Sarah M Graham ◽  
Julissa Navarrete ◽  
Lucas T Neira ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
Daniel W Shike
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract The objective was to assess the effects of an extended-release eprinomectin (LongRange) on beef heifer reproductive performance when grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue or housed on drylot. In a split-plot design, fall-born, Angus × Simmental heifers (n = 153) were stratified by BW and divided into 6 groups. Groups were randomly assigned environmental treatments: grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue (pasture) or maintained in drylot and fed alfalfa hay. Within a group, heifers were randomly assigned to LongRange (LR) or saline (control). Heifers were dewormed with oral fenbendazole (SafeGuard) to minimize parasite load before trial initiation. On d 140 and final pregnancy check, body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were collected; BW was also collected at time of artificial insemination (AI). Hair coat score (HCS), fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and respiration rates (RR) were collected on d 140. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Environment × treatment effects for BW were detected (P ≤ 0.01) at d 140 and at overall pregnancy confirmation; LR increased BW to a greater magnitude in pasture than in drylot heifers. At breeding, LR increased (P = 0.01) heifer BW compared to control. On d 140, LR increased (P = 0.01) heifer BCS compared to control. On d 140, pasture heifers tended (P = 0.08) to have greater RR than drylot heifers. Heifer AI pregnancy rates were not affected (P ≥ 0.21) by treatments. Environment × treatment effects for overall pregnancy were detected (P = 0.03); LR increased overall pregnancy rate in pasture compared to drylot heifers and LR tended to increase overall pregnancy rate compared with control in pasture heifers. In conclusion, LongRange increased BW to a greater extent in pasture than in drylot and tended to increase heifer final pregnancy rate compared to control on pasture.

scholarly journals Effects of Clostridium butyricum- and Bacillus spp.-Based Potential Probiotics on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and Caecal Microbiota in Broilers

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Xinfu Zeng ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Caimei Yang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zixian Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Bacillus Spp

We aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum-, Bacillus subtilis-, and Bacillus licheniformis-based potential probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial structure in broiler chickens. Three treatment groups containing a total of 1200 one-day-old AA broilers were included: birds fed with a basal diet only (Con), birds fed with added 1010 probiotics cfu/kg (ProL), and birds fed with added 1011 probiotics cfu/kg (ProH). The dietary probiotics significantly improved the final and average body weights and serum immunoglobulins A, M, and Y. The probiotics also enhanced the ileal morphology and improved the caecal acetate, butyrate, and propionate contents. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary compound probiotics modulated the caecal microflora composition as follows: (1) all birds shared 2794 observed taxonomic units; (2) treatment groups were well separated in the PCA and PCoA analysis; (3) the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Barnesiella, Odoribacter, [Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group], [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, and Butyricimonas significantly varied between treatments. The compound probiotics improved the growth performance, serum immune responses, the ratio of ileal villus height to crypt depth, and major caecal SCFAs in broiler chickens. The dietary C. butyricum-, B. subtilis-, and B. licheniformis-based probiotics improved overall broiler health and would benefit the poultry industry.

scholarly journals Dietary purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) promotes the growth performance of broilers by modulation of gut microbiota

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Fengchun Ye ◽  
Hongbo Tang ◽  
Yanpeng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractPurslane is a widespread wild vegetable with both medicinal and edible properties. It is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value and is also considered as a high-quality feed resource for livestock and poultry. In this study, Sanhuang broilers were used to investigate the effect of feeding purslane diets on the growth performance in broilers and their gut microbiota. A total of 48 birds with good growth and uniform weight were selected and randomly allocated to four treatment groups A (control), B, C and D. Dietary treatments were fed with basal diet without purslane and diets containing 1%, 2% and 3% purslane. The 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform to analyze the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in the four sets of samples. The results showed that dietary inclusion of 2% and 3% purslane could significantly improve the growth performance and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that the composition of gut microbiota of Sanhuang broilers mainly included Gallibacterium, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, etc. As the content of purslane was increased, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly, and Escherichia-Shigella decreased. LEfSe analysis revealed that Bacteroides_caecigallinarum, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales and Firmicutes had significant differences compared with the control group. PICRUSt analysis revealed bacteria mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism pathway due to the additon of purslane in the diet. These results suggest that the addition of purslane to feed could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestine, modulate the environment of gut microbiota and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates to improve its growth performance. This study indicates that the effect of purslane on the growth-promoting performance of broilers might depend on its modulation on gut microbiota, so as to provide a certain scientific basis for the application of purslane in the feed industry.

Extended-release Buprenorphine, an FDAindexed Analgesic, Attenuates Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eden D Alamaw ◽  
Benjamin D Franco ◽  
Katechan Jampachaisri ◽  
Monika K Huss ◽  
Cholawat Pacharinsak
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Mechanical Hypersensitivity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Incisional Pain ◽  
Thermal Hypersensitivity

A new extended-release buprenorphine (XR), an FDA-indexed analgesic, has recently become available to the laboratoryanimal community. However, the effectiveness and dosing of XR has not been extensively evaluated for rats. We investigatedXR’s effectiveness in attenuating postoperative hypersensitivity in a rat incisional pain model. We hypothesized that highdose of XR would attenuate mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity more effectively than the low dose of XR in this model. We performed 2 experiments. In experiment 1, male adult Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 31) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 treatment groups: 1) saline (saline, 0.9% NaCl, 5 mL/kg, SC, once); 2) sustained-release buprenorphine (Bup-SR; 1.2 mg/kg, SC, once), 3) low-dose extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Lo; 0.65 mg/kg, SC, once), and 4) high-dose extended-releasebuprenorphine (XR-Hi; 1.3 mg/kg, SC, once). After drug administration, a 1 cm skin incision was made on the plantar hind paw under anesthesia. Mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were evaluated 1 d before surgery (D-1), 4 h after surgery (D0), and for 3 d after surgery (D1, D2, and D3). In experiment 2, plasma buprenorphine concentration (n = 39) was measured at D0, D1, D2, and D3. Clinical observations were recorded daily, and a gross necropsy was performed on D3. Mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were measured for 3 d (D0-D3) in the saline group. Bup-SR, XR-Lo, and XR-Hi effectively attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity for D0-D3. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations remained above 1 ng/mL on D0 and D1 in all treatment groups. No abnormal clinical signs were noted, but injection site reactions were evident in the Bup-SR (71%), XR-Lo (75%), and XR-Hi (87%) groups. This study indicates that XR-Hi did not attenuate hypersensitivity more effectivelythan did XR-Lo in this model. XR 0.65 mg/kg is recommended to attenuate postoperative mechanical hypersensitivity for upto 72 h in rats in an incisional pain model.

scholarly journals Effect of Diet on Replacement Beef Heifer Growth and Reproductive Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Janice G. P. Bowman ◽  
Bok F. Sowell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred-one crossbred beef heifers (average weight 256.1 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of diet during an 84-day period, on growth and reproductive performance. The four treatments were: 1) grass hay; 2) grass hay + 0.9 kg/day barley; 3) grass hay + 1.8 kg/day barley; and 4) alfalfa hay. Heifers were assigned randomly to 12 pens by weight (three pens/treatment). Prior to feeding, barley was cracked through a roller-mill. Heifers consuming alfalfa hay or grass hay + 1.8 kg barley gained 39% faster (0.68 and 0.74 kg/day, respectively; P = 0.01) than heifers consuming grass hay alone (0.51 kg/day). Heifers consuming grass hay + 0.9 kg barley were intermediate in average daily gain (ADG; 0.63 kg/day). Hay intake was 16% greater (P < 0.10) by heifers consuming alfalfa hay, grass hay, and grass hay + 0.9 kg barley compared with those consuming grass hay + 1.8 kg barley (average 8.1 vs 7.0 kg/day). Using costs (USD) of $0.066/kg, $0.099/kg, and $0.0935/kg for grass hay, alfalfa hay, and barley, respectively, feed cost/day was greatest (P < 0.01) for alfalfa hay ($0.81/day), intermediate for the grass hay + barley diets (average $0.63/day), and lowest for grass hay ($0.53/day). Cost/kg gain was less (P < 0.10) for grass hay + 1.8 kg barley compared with alfalfa hay. No diet differences (P > 0.70) were found in reproductive performance of the heifers. Feeding replacement heifers alfalfa hay resulted in performance equivalent to feeding grass hay + 1.8 kg barley, but the alfalfa hay diet had a higher cost.

105 Effect of a Hydrolyzed Yeast Product on Body Weight, Body Condition Score, and Hair Coat Score in Cows Grazing Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
P L Harrelson ◽  
C B Rogers ◽  
R A Martin ◽  
B N Bosley ◽  
F M Kilgallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Yeast Product

scholarly journals Effect of light emitting diodes with different color temperatures on immune responses and growth performance of male broiler

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Sharideh ◽  
Mojtaba Zaghari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Warm White Light ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Different Color

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the different color temperatures (Kelvin; K) of the light emitting diodes (LEDs) on broiler chicken health and growth performance compared to incandescent (ICD) light bulbs. Three hundred and sixty one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were tested for 42 days. The chicks were randomly distributed into three treatment groups [neutral-white (4,286 K), warm-white (2,990 K), and ICD (2,790 K) light bulbs] of 120 chicks/treatment with six replicates each by adopting complete randomized design. The diets were similar for all treatment groups. The live body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated (weekly and whole period). Indices of humoral immunity [antisheep red blood cell (SRBC) titer, IgG, and IgM at 26 and 34 days of age], Newcastle disease (ND) virus and avian influenza (AI) virus antibody at 40 days of age, cell-mediated immunity [cutaneous basophilic hyper-sensitivity (CBH) response at 41 days of age)] as well as total and differential leukocyte numbers at 42 days of age) were measured. Effects of different color temperatures of the LEDs and ICD light bulbs on body weight, feed consumption, and FCR were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Also, the effect of color temperatures of light on secondary titers of SRBC, AI antibody response, CBH response, the total number of leukocytes and percentage of lymphocytes were not significant. However, the different color temperatures of LEDs have a significant effect on primary SRBC and ND antibody titers (P≤0.05). The highest primary SRBC (P≤0.05) and ND (P≤0.05) antibody titers were observed in warm-white light. It was concluded that based on the 3 color temperatures examined, it seems that the most suitable to provide the optimum level of immunity and energy-saving in commercial broiler houses is warm-white light.

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