scholarly journals 335 The Gut-Lung Axis: The Human Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Michael Surette
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Asthma And Allergy

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is the largest immune organ in the body and consequently influences the overall immune state of all body sites. The gut also harbors the largest proportion of the microbiome. In early life, the maturation of the microbiome and immune system are closely entangled, forming a homeostatic system that imparts individuality and stability to the host microbiome. It is now well established that factors that affect early life gut microbiota modulate susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases, including airway diseases such as asthma and allergy. Despite this global influence of the gut on immune response in the lungs, local microbiome-immune interactions also shape the response and susceptibility to disease in the airways. The upper respiratory tract and lung microbiomes also contribute to acute and chronic airway diseases. Modulating the gut-lung axis as well as respiratory tract through microbiome-targeted interventions to promote health and reduce susceptibility to infection and chronic inflammatory disease may represent an effective strategy, particularly in early and late life.

scholarly journals Modern possibilities of herbal medicine in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
A. V. Muzhichkova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Pelargonium Sidoides ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

The article provides data on the effectiveness of the use of the drug in the treatment of acute, chronic and recurrent diseases of the respiratory tract and ENT organs. The drug is an extract of Pelargonium sidoides. From the standpoint of modern pharmacology, it is known that the use of natural products based on plant materials ensures safety and the absence of pronounced side effects. The main active ingredients of pelargonium are phenolic compounds: coumarins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The article details the biochemical and pharmacological properties of each of the above groups of compounds. It has been shown that the presence of several classes of phenolic compounds simultaneously contributes to the potentiation of the pharmacological effects of each group separately. Therefore, drug has a pronounced polytropic effect: antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytoprotective. The article presents the results of numerous domestic and foreign randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrating its high efficacy and safety in the treatment of ENT diseases, upper respiratory tract infections and bronchitis, not only in adults, but also in children over 1 year old. On the basis of the analyzed and presented material, the authors concluded that the use of a natural-based drug in the treatment of acute respiratory infection is effective and safe, both as monotherapy and in combination with other medicinal substances. He is able to quickly eliminate not only the symptoms of inflammation, but also to support the body with any ailments of this type.

scholarly journals Using of topical bacterial lysates in modern clinical practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
V. M. Svistushkin ◽  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
A. V. Zolotova ◽  
V. A. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Lysates

Acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract occupy a leading position in the structure of the pathology of the world’s population and remain the most frequent reason for patients seeking medical care. The prevalence and frequency of this disease in this nosological group makes a decisive contribution to the structure of the causes of temporary disability, which entails significant negative social and economic consequences. In this aspect, the spread of resistance of pathogens to etiotropic drugs and the insufficient arsenal of pathogenetic drugs stimulate the medical community to search for alternative approaches to the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology. One of these therapeutic areas is the use of immunomodulators, the most commonly used group of which are bacterial lysates. In the modern literature, sufficiently convincing data have been accumulated on the effectiveness of the use of bacterial lysates of systemic action, as a result of which the immune cells of the gastrointestinal tract are activated, which in turn leads to the restoration of autoregulation of the immune response throughout the body, and a decrease in the frequency of infectious and allergic diseases. The latest developments of domestic pharmacologists are topical bacterial lysates, the principle of which is based on the local activation of mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. The undoubted advantage is that bacterial lysates, with all their effectiveness, do not harm the human microbiome, practically do not cause side reactions, combine well with other drugs, and can also be used at any stage of the disease, including for prophylactic purposes.

scholarly journals Several studies on the problem of management patients with chronic tonsillitis during periods of remission and exacerbation

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Ovchinnikov ◽  
N. A. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Yu. O. Nikolaeva ◽  
M. M. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Increase in the number of acute and chronic diseases is a global trend. On the one hand, the emergence of new types of viruses, their active mutation, an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, a high frequency of immunodeficiency and allergic diseases contribute to this. On the other hand is inadequate treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, widespread use of systemic antibiotics without indications. The use of bioregulatory medicines with proven efficacy in the complex treatment can reduce the drug load on the body, reduce the bacterial complications and side effects. Traumeel®S joins the physiological course of inflammation and activates pro-resolving mediators, contributes to its faster completion and tissue repair. The efficacy and safety of Traumeel®S has been confirmed in many randomized clinical trials. The drug has proven its value in almost any inflammatory pathology of the upper respiratory tract and ear. The drug Lymphomyosot®, a multicomponent agent with lymphatic drainage action, has proven itself perfectly in the complex therapy of chronic tonsillitis. In November 2019, the Council of Experts of the National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists on the problems of pathology of the lympharyngeal ring was held. It is recommended to use the multicomponent bioregulatory preparation Traumeel®S to correct the inflammatory process, which has shown in studies a modulating effect on inflammatory mediators without suppressing COX-2 (prostaglandins). With exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis and lymphadenitis of nonspecific etiology, it is possible to use the multicomponent preparation Lymphomyosot®, which helps to improve the drainage and detoxification function of the lymphatic system.

scholarly journals Species composition of certain strains of microorganisms in the development of upper respiratory tract disease in agricultural workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1261-1266
Author(s):  
Lyaylya M. Masyagutova ◽  
Lilia G. Gizatullina ◽  
Maxmuza K. Gainullina ◽  
Natalya V. Vlasova ◽  
Linara A. Rafikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction. Microbiocenosis is a self-regulating system of relationships between the body and microflora. Ensuring the technological process of agricultural production involves contact with conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora. The spread of antibacterial drug resistance is a matter of concern. Materials and methods. There was studied the microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract in agricultural enterprises: in the absence of inflammatory diseases; the clinical picture of diseases of the ENT organs, and the susceptibility of the isolated strains to antibacterial drugs. Results. Working conditions of employees correspond to classes 3.1 - 3.3. Typical representatives are strains of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Neisseria, Corynebacterium. The etiological share of S. Aureus, C. Albicans, E. Coli, Kl. Pneumoniae, Ps. Aeruginosa, predominates in the formation of inflammatory diseases. Staphylococcus are most susceptible to Cefotaxime and Sparfloxacin, followed by Cefepime, Levofloxacin and Amikacin. Strains of Kl. pneumoniae are susceptible to Cefotaxime and Sparfloxacin; strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa - to Cefepime and Ceftazidim; C. Albicans and C. crusei - to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole. Conclusion. The complex industrial factors of agricultural production contributes to the violation of the ratio of microbial associations even against the background of clinical health, which is a risk factor for the development of inflammatory processes. S. Aureus strains; Candida Albicans; Klebsiella Pneumoniae play the leading role. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. Coli. The isolates demonstrate multidrug resistance to antimicrobial drugs.

scholarly journals Ways to prevent acute viral infection and its bacterial complications

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
G. V. Lavrenova ◽  
M. S. Zaynchukovskiy ◽  
K. T. Zhamakochyan ◽  
M. I. Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Starting Point

Viruses of the ARVI group that are tropic to the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract are able to inhibit the function of the mucociliary system to a certain extent, which contributes to the attachment of bacterial infection. Thus, in respiratory inflammatory diseases, the infection is often combined. This means, that the question about approaches to treatment at the stage of prevention of the development of complications of ARVI arises. A significant increase in the relapse of chronic sinusitis has been observed over the past 10 years. According to A.I. Kryukov et al. the relapse of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses, the chronic process has no tendency to decrease, aided by the unfavorable ecological situation, the growth of allergic and viral respiratory diseases, poor nutrition to which the body is not evolutionarily adapted. Worsening of chronic sinusitis contributes to many factors, but the starting point is almost always viral infections. Relapse, as a rule, begins with viral rhinitis, which is rarely an independent disease. Most often, a runny nose is a symptom of ARVI or ARI (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection, etc.). The entrance gate of infection is the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. The main pathological process in sensitive cells develops both as a result of the penetration of the virus from the outside, and due to the activation of latent or chronic viral infection under the influence of various factors, including other infection.The appointment of drugs with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic activity is one of the promising options for the prevention of both primary viral infection and the development of bacterial complications.We have included a drug that combines adaptogenic and immunomodulatory activities in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. Trekrezan belongs to the group of adaptogens – low-toxic compounds, it is recommended as a measure for the treatment and prevention of viral infections and increasing resistance to various stress factors (hypoxia, hypothermia) and adverse environmental effects. 

OCCURRENCE OF THE RISKS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO THE CHEMICAL FACTORS OF THE EXPOSURE OF ALUMINA REFINERY- ASSOCIATED BUSINESS ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zemlianova ◽  
I.V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Alumina refineries are among the leading sources of atmospheric air pollution with a wide range of pollutants hazardous to human respiratory organs. It is relevant to study and evaluate the occurrence of the risks for development of respiratory diseases in children living in the area affected by the emission components of an alumina refinery. We assessed air quality of the area under observation and comparison according to monitoring observations, risk of non-carcinogenic effects from the respiratory organs. The content of chemicals in the blood and urine adequate to risk factors was quantified. The structure of individual groups of respiratory diseases was analyzed. The causal relationships of violations of laboratory parameters with an increased content of chemicals in biological media were evaluated. It was found that an aerogenic exposure of chemical pollutants is formed on the territory with the production of metallurgical alumina. It determines the risk for development of respiratory diseases, exceeding an acceptable level up to 49.9 times. In the exposed children, the content of manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, xylenes, formaldehyde and aluminum, fluoride ion in the urine was increased to 4.2 times in relation to the indices in the comparison group. A high level of additional respiratory morbidity(1.8 times) was revealed. Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (up to 6.6 times more often), inflammatory diseases with a predominance of the mechanism of allergic inflammation ( up to 2.1 times more often)are more often detected in the framework of the respiratory diseases. Negative effects on the part of the respiratory system in the form of activation of antioxidant processes, the development of an inflammatory reaction, local, general and specific sensitization of the respiratory tract were established. It confirms the occurrence of the risks for the development of respiratory diseases in children in the exposure area of the chemical factors of alumina refinery-associated economic activity.

scholarly journals Could Chlamydia Pneumoniae Be Considered an Infectious Risk Factor for Inflammatory Diseases Such as Atherosclerosis ?

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
R. Sessa ◽  
M. Di Pietro ◽  
G. Schiavoni ◽  
I. Santino ◽  
M. Del Piano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

Chlamydia pneumoniae, a Gram-negative intracellular obligate bacteria, is recognised as a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections, and accounts for ∼10% of community-acquired pneumonia. In recent years, chronic and persistent infection with C. pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease that results from complex interactions between a variety of cell types such as endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages and inflammatory mediators. Involvement of C. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been supported by findings from seroepidemiologic studies, direct detection of chlamydial DNA, experimental animal and in vitro studies, and antibiotic intervention trials. The spectrum of cell biological, animal, and human clinical data suggests that C. pneumoniae may be considered an infectious risk factor for atherosclerosis but further studies are needed to clarify the etiopathogenetic role of C. pneumoniae in atherosclerotic vessel walls.

scholarly journals Experience in treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases relapses in children with the use of the phytotherapeutic complex «Alpicol»: feedback of doctors in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
О.К. Koloskova ◽  
◽  
A.L. Kosakovskyi ◽  
T.M. Bilous ◽  
I.B. Horbatiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Parents And Children

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract in children are the «leaders» among all pathologies of childhood. Optimization of therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for infectious and inflammatory pathologies of the respiratory system by reducing the frequency of unreasonable antibiotic therapy and eliminating polypragmatic use is a relevant problem of modern pediatrics and otolaryngology. According to WHO guidelines, modern standardized herbal medicines are not inferior in efficiency to synthetic ones. The aim — to analyze the results of assessment by doctors of the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of the remedy «Alpicol» on the basis of a questionnaire, as well as clinical examination of patients before using the medication and after completion of the course of treatment. Materials and methods. The advantages of «Alpicol» were analyzed through a questionnaire offered by first contact practitioners to children in order to receive feedback on the assessment of the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of this medication. Doctors from 9 regions of Ukraine were involved, and 6,093 questionnaires of children of different ages were analyzed. Results. The frequency of registration of a pronounced paediatric pain (3 scores) with the use of the «Alpicol» medication significantly decreased (23.7 times), a moderate manifestation of the disease (2 scores), was 17 times less at the same time, mild manifestations of paediatric pain remained at the same level. Patients with a comorbid pathology of the respiratory tract in the form of recurrent lesions of the upper and lower airways during the 2nd visit received a zero score (no symptoms) significantly less frequently than children with pathology of the upper respiratory tract with 62.6% of cases versus 72.2% of observations, respectively (p<0.05). As a result of the use of the course of «Alpicol» medication, a statistically significant decrease in the severity of the catarrhal symptom complex was achieved, since the proportion of the course of disease, assessed by the maximum number of scores, decreased by 29.6 times, moderate (score 2) — 13.3 times, and zero scores appeared 5.7 times more often. At the same time, the proportion of patients with a mild course of catarrh practically did not change. Conclusions. «Alpicol» has a multi;vector efficacy against the complex of symptoms that accompany infectious and inflammatory exacerbations of recurrent respiratory diseases. This is manifested by a decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as in an increase in cases of clinical stabilization of the patient's condition, which demonstrates the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of the drug «Alpicol» on the course of recurrent respiratory diseases in children. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was adopted by the Local Ethics Committee of all institutions indicated in this research. The informed consent of parents and children was obtained. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Key words: ecurrent respiratory diseases, treatment and prevention, children, phytocomplexes.

scholarly journals New prospects for local etiotropic treatment of acute respiratory viral infections

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
A. A. Krivopalov ◽  
V. A. Shatalov ◽  
S. V. Shervashidze
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

According to WHO, the respiratory system diseases are currently inside the ten most common pathologies. The modern strategy for treating influenza and ARVI gives priority to the antiviral and immunostimulating agents, but the symptomatic drugs, which include preparations based on silver and its compounds, also play an important role. The large positive experience in using silver preparations supported by numerous clinical studies shows their high efficacy and satisfactory safety profile in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nose and upper respiratory tract in children and adults.

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