86 Effect of Post-metaphylactic Interval on Health and Performance of Steers Administered Tildipirosin for the Control of Bovine Respiratory Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Marshall N Streeter ◽  
Josh Szasz ◽  
Tony C Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Crossbred beef steers (n = 8160; 294 + 10.4 kg) were used in a randomized complete block designed study to determine the effects of post-metaphylactic interval (PMI) on health, live and carcass performance. Steers were administered tildipirosin for the control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) before being randomly allocated to PMI treatments (4-, 7-, 10-, or 13-day PMI). Treatments were replicated in forty - 204 head pens with each treatment represented within 10 arrival blocks. Blocks ranged from 4 to 15 unique sources of cattle representing five states (AR, FL, GA, LA, TX). Steers were observed daily (217 + 14 d) by trained pen riders with steers suffering from BRD receiving a common antibiotic therapy across PMI treatment. Data were evaluated using linear, quadratic and cubic contrasts. First pull BRD morbidity decreased linearly (P < 0.01) and tended to decrease quadratically (P = 0.08) as PMI increased with the greatest BRD morbidity at 7 days (12.9%) and the least at 13 days (9.5%). First pull BRD relapses tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.10) with increasing PMI. Total first pull morbidity, for all causes, decreased quadratically (P = 0.02) as PMI increased with the greatest morbidly occurring with a 7-day PMI (15.8%) and the least with a 13-day PMI (11.5%). Mortality caused by BRD (0.73%; P > 0.70) and all causes (1.41%; P > 0.20) or chronicity (1.60%; P > 0.15), resulting from failure to respond to therapy, were not affected by PMI. Final body weight, ADG, DMI, Gain:Feed, and HCW were not affected (P > 0.20) by PMI. Total and BRD morbidity can be reduced by increasing PMI up to 13 days in cattle at moderate risk of developing BRD (15% morbidity, 1% mortality, 1% chronicity) without adversely affecting mortality, chronicity or live and carcass performance.

scholarly journals Crude glycerin is an efficient alternative to corn in the diet of feedlot lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Fernada Almeida Merlim ◽  
Américo Garcia Silva Sobrinho ◽  
Thiago Henrique Borghi ◽  
Luís Gabriel Alves Cirne ◽  
Roberta Lima Valença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, and performance of feedlot lambs fed diets containing crude glycerin. A total of 30 Ile de France lambs were confined to individual pens at an average age of 45 d: 15.1 kg initial body weight and 32.2 kg final body weight. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design and fed three diets containing fresh sugarcane as forage (50 %) and concentrate (50 %), with or without the inclusion of 100 and 200 g vegetable crude glycerin per kilogram dry matter (DM) replacing corn. Dietary glycerin inclusion reduced the intake of ether extract (P<0.001) and total carbohydrates (P=0.048) as well as the apparent digestibility of ether extract (P<0.001), but it had no effect on the intake and digestibility of the other nutrients nor on lamb performance. The apparent nitrogen balance of lambs on the three diets was positive. Although it does not affect the intake and digestibility of most nutrients, the inclusion of 100 and 200 g kg−1 DM of crude glycerin in the diet tends to worsen lamb performance, indicating that the ideal level of inclusion should be below 100 g kg−1 DM of crude glycerin.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Development of Bovine Respiratory Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beef Steers Shipped From France to Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Martina Zappaterra ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Gigliola Ficco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome and one of the major welfare and economical concerns for the cattle industry. This 1-year cross-sectional study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BRD-related pathogens and clinical signs before and after a long journey and at identifying possible predisposition factors. Male Limousine beef steers (n = 169) traveling from France to Italy were health checked and sampled with Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS) at loading (T0) and 4 days after arrival (T1). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella multocida. Weather conditions at departure and arrival were recorded, and the travel conditions were taken from the travel documentation. At T0, even if no animals displayed clinical signs, some of them were already positive for one or more pathogens. At T1, the number of animals displaying clinical signs and positive for BCoV, BAdV, BRSV, H. somni, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, and P. multocida increased dramatically (p &lt; 0.001). Transport also significantly increased co-infection passing from 16.0% at T0 to 82.8% at T1 (p &lt; 0.001). An extra stop during the journey seemed to favor BRSV, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida (p &lt; 0.05). Weather conditions, in particular sudden climate changes from departure to arrival and daily temperature variance, were found to be predisposing factors for many of the pathogens. The farm of arrival also played a role for BRSV, BAdV, and H. somni (p &lt; 0.05). BCoV increased dramatically, but no associations were found confirming that it spreads easily during transport phases. Our findings increased our understanding of factors increasing the likelihood of BRD-related pathogens shedding and can be useful to minimize the incidence of BRD and to implement animal transport regulations.

215 Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance of 39- to 119-kg Pigs Sired by High Index Boars

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Ning Lu ◽  
Carine M Vier ◽  
Gustavo Silva ◽  
Luis E Zaragoza ◽  
Brandon Knopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Index ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Competing Models

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) on the growth performance of grow-finish pigs. A total of 1,120 pigs (PIC 337×Camborough, initially 39.0±0.82 kg) were used in a 77-d study. Pigs used in the study were sired by boars ranked in the top 15% of a selected PIC elite boar stud based on index. Pens of pigs were blocked by body weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments, which consisted of 85, 95, 105, 115, and 125% of the PIC2016 SID Lys recommendations within each phase. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and formulated to be iso-caloric. Treatments were achieved with increasing feed-grade amino acids. There were 9 mixed-gender pens per treatment and 24 or 25 pigs per pen. Data were analyzed using generalized linear and nonlinear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Competing models included linear, quadratic polynomial (QP), broken-line linear (BLL), and broken-line quadratic (BLQ). Increasing dietary SID Lys from 85 to 125% marginally improved overall average daily gain (ADG, quadratic, P = 0.056), gain to feed ratio (G:F, quadratic, P = 0.062), and final body weight (linear, P = 0.075). There was no evidence for treatment effects on mortality and removals (P &gt; 0.10). The best-fitting models for ADG were QP and BLL. The QP model estimated the maximum ADG at 110.6% (95% CI: 93 to &gt;125%), with 99% of maximum ADG achieved at 97.4%. The BLL plateau was estimated at 105.0% (95% CI: 74 to 136%). The best-fitting model for G:F was QP, estimating the maximum G:F at 107.8% (95% CI: 92 to &gt;125%). In conclusion, the estimated optimum overall SID Lys for 39- to 119-kg pigs sired by high index boars ranged from 105.0 to 110.6% of PIC2016 SID Lys recommendation within each phase, depending on the response criteria and statistical model.

scholarly journals 162 Effects of bedding application on feedlot receiving phase growth performance and estimated maintenance requirement in newly weaned beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Dathan Smerchek ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Red Angus

Abstract The effect of bedding application on growth performance and estimated maintenance energy requirements during the feedlot receiving phase was evaluated in newly weaned beef steers (n = 162 Charolais-Red Angus cross steers; initial un-shrunk body weight [BW] = 278 ± 13.4 kg). Steers were housed in 18 concrete surface pens (n = 9 steers/pen) measuring 7.62 × 7.62 m at the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD. A corn silage based receiving diet was fed that contained approximately 1.74 Mcal/kg of NEm, approximately 1.12 Mcal/kg of NEg, and monensin sodium at 27.6 g/T. Pens were assigned to one of two treatments: 1) no bedding (NO), or 2) 1.0 kg (as-is basis) of wheat straw bedding/steer/d (BED). The study was conducted from October to December of 2019. Daily ambient temperature (n = 56) averaged -3.0°C [SD 5.5] and windchill averaged -5.1°C [SD 6.1] during the course of the study. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) as a randomized complete block design with pen serving as the experimental unit. An α of 0.05 determined significance and tendencies were declared from 0.06 to 0.10. At study initiation, initial un-shrunk body weight did not differ (P = 0.69) between treatments. Bedding application did not influence (P ≥ 0.66) final body weight (shrunk 4%) or average daily gain. Dry matter intake tended to increase (P = 0.06) by 3.8% in NO compared to BED. Gain to feed was increased (P = 0.01) by 5.6% in BED compared to NO. Maintenance coefficient (MQ) was elevated (P = 0.03) 18.9% for NO compared to BED. These data indicate that bedding application improved feed efficiency and reduced estimated MQ in beef steers during the feedlot receiving phase.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Paolo Capozza ◽  
Michele Losurdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a serious health and economic problem in the beef industry, which is often associated with transportation and caused by different pathogens. The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, in the nasal microbiota of beef steers before and after the same long-distance journey from France to southern Italy was documented. Fifty-six Limousine animals of three different shipments, travelling on three different days from February to April, were included. Prior to shipment (T0) and four days after arrival (T1), two DNS/animal were collected and tested by Real Time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Univariate logistic regression was carried out, considering time and day as fixed factors and the outcome of qPCR for each pathogen as a dependent categorical dichotomous variable (positive/negative, 1/0). The fact that the number of H. somni positive animals were found to be higher in the third shipment than the first and second one, indicating that this pathogen was already present before loading, is relevant. The prevalence of BCoV, BRSV, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, P. multocida was higher at T1 than T0, suggesting that other factors, such as stress and the epidemiological status of the arrival farm, played a role. The tested animals were not treated before and after transport, and our results are in agreement with the current literature, supporting the hypothesis that the prevalence of pathogens related to BRD would increase after travelling, with an increased risk of pathogens shedding.

scholarly journals Predicting the effects of body fatness on food intake and performance of sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert J. Tolkamp ◽  
Jonathan M. Yearsley ◽  
Iain J. Gordon ◽  
Andrew W. Illius ◽  
John R. Speakman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Parameter Values

Adipose tissue produces signals that can have a profound effect on many physiological functions, including energy expenditure and food intake. The hypothesis that variation in food intake of sheep resulting from differences in animal fatness can be predicted from effects of animal fatness on energetic efficiency was subjected to three tests. First, an existing food intake model was adapted to account for effects of animal fatness, as estimated by condition score, on food intake. Parameter values were derived from data obtained with two of five treatment groups of an experiment where ewe lambs were fed either chopped hay or pelleted concentrates. The model predicted the intake of the remaining three treatment groups satisfactorily. The energy intake model was subsequently extended with a protein module based upon a Gompertz curve to simulate changes in body weight and condition score. The model predicted these changes satisfactorily for most treatment groups during the experimental period of 50 weeks. In a last test, the final body weights and body lipid contents of animals fed either hay or concentrates for a period of 3 years were predicted. The predictions for final body weight (77 or 118 kg) and lipid content in the empty body (26 or 58 %) were within the range of expectations for sheep with access to hay or concentrates, respectively. The biological implications of the hypothesis that body fatness acts upon voluntary intake via its effects on energetic efficiency are discussed.

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