41 Effect of Biochar Supplementation in Beef Cattle Finishing Diets on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carcass Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Jessica L Sperber ◽  
Braden Troyer ◽  
Mitch Norman ◽  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of feeding biochar in a finishing diet on cattle performance, carcass quality, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Biochar was sourced from ponderosa pine wood waste (High Plains Biochar, Laramie, WY) and was 83% C with 426 m2/g surface area. Crossbred steers (n = 128; initial BW = 480 kg ± 82 kg) were utilized in a randomized block design (blocked by BW), steers assigned randomly to pen (n = 16), and pen was assigned randomly to treatment. Two treatments were evaluated, a finisher control (CON) without biochar and the same finisher with biochar included at 1.0% of diet dry matter replacing corn (CHAR). Four pen replications per treatment were paired within BW block and rotated randomly through an emissions barn with two chambers (each treatment evaluated simultaneously) to capture average weekly emissions of CH4 and CO2. Pen was experimental unit and chamber was included as a fixed effect for emissions data. Dry matter intake (DMI; P < 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.02) were 2.4 and 5.9% lower for CHAR steers, respectively. Feed efficiency (P = 0.22) and production of CO2 and CH4 (P ≥ 0.60) did not differ between treatments. Methane production was numerically lower for CHAR steers when reported as g per day (1.8% lower) or g per kg of DMI (4.8% lower). Hot carcass weight tended to be lighter (P = 0.10) and calculated USDA yield grade was decreased (P = 0.02) for CHAR steers. There was no difference between treatments for LM area, USDA quality grade, or 12th rib fat (P ≥ 0.12). In conclusion, biochar supplementation at 1.0% of diet DM reduced DMI and ADG and had no effect on CH4 and CO2 emissions in finishing steers.

PSIV-7 Effect of Biochar Supplementation in Beef Cattle Growing Diets on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
Jessica L Sperber ◽  
Braden Troyer ◽  
Mitch Norman ◽  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
High Plains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of feeding biochar in a growing diet on cattle performance, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Biochar was sourced from ponderosa pine wood waste (High Plains Biochar, Laramie, WY) and was 83% C with 426 m2/g surface area. Crossbred steers (n = 160; initial BW = 357 kg ± 44 kg) were utilized in a randomized block design (blocked by BW), steers assigned randomly to pen (n = 16), and pens assigned randomly to treatment. Two treatments were evaluated, a control (CON) without biochar (40% wheat straw, 40% corn silage, 15% modified distillers grains, 5% supplement) and the same diet with biochar included at 0.8% of diet dry matter replacing corn in the supplement (CHAR). Four pen replications per treatment were paired within BW block and rotated randomly through an emissions barn with two chambers (each treatment evaluated simultaneously) to capture average weekly CH4 and CO2 production. Pen was experimental unit and chamber was included as a fixed effect for emissions data. There were no statistical differences in performance outcomes between CHAR and CON steers (P ≥ 0.23). Numerically, average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P = 0.46) and dry matter intake (DMI) was lower (P = 0.23) for CHAR steers, resulting in a 2.8% improvement in feed efficiency for CHAR steers (P = 0.25). Emissions of CO2 and CH4 did not statistically differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.22). Numerically, CO2 and CH4 emissions were lower for CON compared to CHAR steers when reported as g per day (3.6% lower) or g per kg of DMI (2.4% lower). Based on the results from this study, there was no indication that feeding biochar, supplemented at 0.8% of diet, reduces GHG emissions in growing steers when compared to negative control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757-1761
Author(s):  
José Vieira Neto ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine requirement of barrows (15- to 30- kg) fed low crude protein diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3283
Author(s):  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽  
Patrícia Barcellos Costa ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Protein Diets

This study aimed to determine the SID isoleucine (Ile) requirement of starting barrows fed low crude protein. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1: Ten crossbred barrows were used in order to determine the SID AA of the basal diet (treatment with the lowest SID Ile level used in the growth performance experiment), averaging 15.00 ± 0.27 kg of initial weight, individually housed in metabolic cages and allotted in a complete randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal (14.13% CP and 0.450% of SID Ile) and a free protein diet. Experiment 2: A performance experiment was carried out to determine the SID Ile requirement when using low crude protein diets. Forty crossbred barrows were used, averaging 15.00 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight and distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.450, 0.520, 0.590, 0.660 and 0.730% of SID Ile) and two animals per experimental unit. The average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.049) and protein deposition (P=0.01) were affected by the studied SID Ile levels. The daily need of SID Ile was estimated at 5.9 g when considering 0.61% as the optimum level of SID Ile in the diet for an improved ADG and protein deposition.

scholarly journals 2 Evaluation of Masters Choice Corn Silage on Growing Steer Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
jiehua Xiong ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
Kyle Vosburgh ◽  
Galen E Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Abstract Corn hybrids can be selected for improved digestion rates using lab techniques, which should impact animal performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate two Masters Choice corn silage hybrids on growing steer performance. In an 84-day growing study, 288 crossbred steers (initial BW = 303 ± 12 kg) were utilized in a generalized randomized block design with three diet treatments, 12 steers per pen and 8 pen replicates per treatment. Diets consisted of 80% corn silage (DM basis) of Masters Choice hybrid MCT6365 RIB (MC1, that has been selected to improve fiber and starch digestion) and MCT6733 GT3000 (MC2, that has been selected to improve fiber digestion) were compared to a conventional corn hybrid Farm Choice (CON, that is commonly grown in Eastern Nebraska). All corn was grown in one field under identity preserved method and harvested at 37-38% DM in three consecutive days. Relative to CON, feeding MC1 resulted in similar dry matter intake (DMI, P = 0.28), but numerically increased average daily gain (ADG, P = 0.14) which significantly improved feed efficiency (G:F, P = 0.02). Feeding MC2 led to greater DMI (P < 0.01), similar ADG (P = 0.45), and lower G:F (P < 0.01) compared to CON. The results suggest that feeding Masters Choice hybrid MCT6365 RIB (MC1) corn silage at 80% of the diet DM improved ADG and G:F by 4.2%, while feeding MC2 decreased G:F by increasing DMI compared to CON. Differences in corn hybrids exist when feeding growing cattle 80% silage.

scholarly journals Size of Containers in the Production of Flamboyant Seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Aécio Busch ◽  
Joacir Mario Zuffo Júnior ◽  
Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Destructive Measurement

The size of the container can affect the quality of the seedlings and, there is no recommendation of containers for the formation of flamboyant seedlings [Delonix regia (Bojerex Hook.) Raf]. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production of flamboyant seedlings in different container sizes, besides performing trail analysis to identify the growth variables that characterize the quality of these seedlings. The experimental design was a randomized block design with seven container sizes (13 × 13 cm, 15 × 15 cm, 13 × 20 cm, 15 × 25 cm, 17 × 22 cm, 17 × 30 cm or 30 × 40 cm), with four replicates. Each experimental unit was composed of five containers, totaling 20 containers per treatment. The plant height, stem base diameter, number of leaves and the sturdiness quotient were measured at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days after emergence (DAE), and at 100 DAE were also measured the root volume, root dry matter, shoot dry matter, total dry matter, shoot/root dry matter ratio and Dickson quality index (DQI). The flamboyant seedlings have better grow when cultivated in polyethylene bags with size of 30 × 40 cm. The collar diameter, root volume, root dry matter, shoot dry matter and total dry matter are the most adequate variables to indicate the quality of flamboyant seedlings. However, because it is a rapid, simple and non-destructive measurement variable, the root collar diameter is more adequate to identify high-quality flamboyant seedlings.

scholarly journals The Use of Coffee Husk as Napier Grass Substitution and Its Effect on Madura Cattle Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Asep Sudarman ◽  
G B Listiawan ◽  
L Khodijah
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Gain

This research aimed to evaluate the performance of fattened madura cattle fed on coffee husk as a source of fibre to substitute grasses. Twenty Madura steers aged approximately 1.5 to 2.0 years with initial weight of 165-190 kg were divided randomly into four different experimental diets, namely R0= 90% concentrates +0% coffee husk +10% napier grass, R1= 90 % concentrates +3.33% coffee husk +6.67% napier grass, R2 = 90% concentrate +10% 6.67% coffee husk +3.33% napier grass, R3 = 90% concentrates 90% + 10% coffee husk +0% napier grass. The feed was given at 3% body weight of dry mater. The cows were kept in individual pen for two months. Variables measured were dry mater intake, feed efficiency, average daily gain (ADG), digestibility of feed and income over feed cost. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance based on randomized block design followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that dry matter intake, ADG, feed efficiency and feed digestibility of cattle on each treatment of the feed were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Average of dry matter intake and daily gain for R0, R1, R2, and R3 were 6.01, 5.84, 5.73 and 5.62 kg/head/day and 0.88, 0.87, 0.84 and 0.93 kg/head/day respectively. While the average of feed efficiency and DM digestibility for R0, R1, R2, and R3 were 14.64, 14.89, 14.65 and 16.54 % and 84.82, 84.37, 83.47 and 83.30 %, respectively. It is concluded that the used of 10% coffee husk as a source of fibre for substitution of napier grass can be used without negative effect on madura’s cattle performances and tend to give higher values of IOFC on fattening program.

scholarly journals 415 More efficient steers on good diets are not the most efficient ones on limiting diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Peter Carmona ◽  
Luis Silva ◽  
Diogo Fleury Azevedo Costa ◽  
Lais Lima
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract Nutrition for a positive growth path represents the major cost of any beef cattle enterprise. Improvements on feed efficiency (FE) can lead to significant economic benefits and reduce the environmental footprint. Usually, animals selected for FE on high-protein (HP) diets are expected to perform as efficiently on low-protein (LP) diets. This experiment used 30 Bos indicus steers (398 ± 24 kg BW) to determine the agreement between FE rankings of beef cattle fed a LP or a HP diet. As hypothesis, it was suggested that the agreement would be high. A completely randomized block design was used, where each steer represented an experimental unit. Steers were fed in individual pens for two periods of 70 days, including an adaptation of 10 days, with diets supplying either 70% or 100% of their rumen degradable protein requirements. Average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) were measured, while residual feed intake (RFI) and residual gain (RG) were calculated. Kappa analysis was used to determine the agreement between FE of both diets. In the LP diet, ADG was 0.93 kg/d (0.38 to 1.47), DMI averaged 9.67 kg/d (7.9 to 12.1), RFI varied between -1.55 and 1.84, and RG from -0.61 to 0.53. In the HP diet, ADG was 1.16 kg/d (0.77 to 1.57) and DMI averaged 9.87 kg/d (4.79 to 11.87). RFI varied between -2.53 and 1.61 and RG from -0.34 to 0.33. Chance-corrected analysis of the ranking between diets showed no agreement for RFI (Kappa=5.6%, P = 0.68) nor for RG (Kappa=9.1%, P = 0.44). These results suggest that different physiological mechanisms are responsible for FE regulation in both diets; thus, appropriate diets targeting each scenario must be used when selecting animals for feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of diets with different concentrations of lysine and energy in piglets with different body weights and post-weaning age

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784-1790
Author(s):  
Messias Alves da Trindade Neto ◽  
Daniel Gonçalves Bruno ◽  
Dirlei Antonio Berto ◽  
Michael Undi ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Schammass
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Energetic Balance ◽  
Four Levels

The effects of body weight or age and dietary digestible lysine and metabolizable energy on apparent digestibility of energy and dry matter were evaluated in piglets after weaning. The animals were weaned at 21 days of age and distributed in two groups: 8.68 ± 0.76 kg at 28 days of age (weaned 7 days earlier); and 12.73 ± 0.99 kg at 35 days of age (weaned 14 days earlier). The pigs were allotted in digestibility cages in a completely randomized block design with the following factorial arrangements: 2 × 4 composed of two weight categories and four levels of digestible lysine (1.222; 1.305; 1.390 and 1.497%); and 2 × 3 composed of two weight categories and three levels of metabolizable energy (3,510; 3,700 and 3,830 kcal/kg rations). Digestible lysine was evaluated in six replications and metabolizable energy in eight replications and each animal constituted an experimental unit. Piglets with higher body weight and age were more efficient in nitrogen retention and energetic balance, compared to lighter and younger piglets, particularly those given lower concentration of lysine in the diet. The energy increase favored nitrogen retention by the heavier and older piglets. However, coefficients of dry matter and energy apparent digestibility did not differ among weight categories. Older and heavier piglets were more efficient in nitrogen retention, although this efficacy depended on concentration of the energy in the diet. This better use of protein and energy suggest differences on nutritional requirements.

scholarly journals Evaluating dietary acidifiers as alternatives for conventional feed-based antibiotics in nursery pig diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payton L Dahmer ◽  
Cassandra K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nursery Pig

Abstract A total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; initially 9.7 ± 0.23 kg BW) were used in a 21-d experiment with 6 pigs/pen, 10 replicate pens/treatment, and 2 separate nursery rooms, each with 30 pens. Pigs were weighed and allotted to pens based on BW in a completely randomized block design to one of 6 treatment diets: 1) Negative control (no organic acids or antibiotics) and the control with 2) 0.25% Acidifier A; 3) 0.3% Acidifier B; 4) 0.5% Acidifier C); 5) 50 g/t Carbadox; 6) 400 g/t Chlortetracycline. Upon weaning, a common diet with no antibiotics or additives was fed for 21 d (phases 1 and 2; d -21 to d 0), followed by a 21 d experimental period (phase 3; d 0 to d 21) where treatment diets were fed. Pigs and feeders were individually weighed on a weekly basis to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G:F). Data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (v 9.4, SAS Inst., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as a fixed effect and room as a random effect. Dietary treatment had a significant impact (P < 0.05) on ADG, ADFI and G:F each week and for the overall experimental period (d 0 to 21). Specifically, from d 0 to 7, pigs fed CTC had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those fed Acidifier B, Acidifier C and Carbadox, while pigs fed the negative control and Acidifier A diets were intermediate. Additionally, pigs fed the CTC diet had improved (P = 0.0002) ADFI when compared to all other treatments. From d 7 to 14 and d 14 to 21, pigs fed the Carbadox diet had decreased (P < 0.0001) ADG compared to all other treatments. During the overall period (d 0 to 21), pigs fed diets containing Carbadox had reduced ADG and ADFI (P < 0.0001), while pigs fed CTC had improved (P < 0.0001) ADG compared to all other treatments. Additionally, blood parameters, fecal consistency and fecal microbial populations were analyzed on a subset of pigs (n = 5 pigs/treatment). Dietary treatment significantly impacted (P < 0.05) concentrations of protein, globulin, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase in the blood. Treatment also significantly impacted (P = 0.0005) fecal score but did not affect (P = 0.59) fecal microbial growth from d 0 to 21. In summary, CTC continues to be a valuable additive to improve performance in the nursery. Further investigation surrounding the efficacy of dietary acidifiers as antibiotic alternatives is warranted given inconclusive evidence in this study.

159 Evaluation of Bacillus Subtilis PB6 Probiotic (CLOSTAT® 500) on Feedlot Phase Growth Performance, Efficiency of Dietary Net Energy Utilization, and Fecal and Subiliac Lymph Node Salmonella Prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
Zachary K Smith ◽  
Paul Rand R Broadway ◽  
Keith Underwood ◽  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Julie Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Fecal Samples

Abstract Yearling beef steers (n = 238; initial BW=402 ± 31.2 kg) were used to evaluate a Bacillus subtilis probiotic on growth performance, dietary net energy (NE) utilization, carcass characteristics, and fecal and subiliac lymph node Salmonella prevalence during a 140-d finishing period. Steers were allotted to 24 pens (n = 9 to 10 steers/pen) and assigned to one of two treatments (12 pens/treatment): no probiotic (CON) or 0.50 g·steer-1·d-1 of a Bacillus subtilis PB6 probiotic (CLOSTAT® 500, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA; CLO). Steers were transitioned to a 90% concentrate diet (DM basis) over 14-d. Steers were fed once daily at 0700 h; bunks were managed according to a slick bunk management. Fecal samples were collected on d 1, 28, 56, 112, and 140 from each pen (n = 5 steers/pen) via rectal palpation and composited by pen for determination of Salmonella prevalence. Upon harvest, subiliac lymph nodes were obtained from 60 steers in CON and 57 steers in CLO. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design; pen was the experimental unit; α of 0.05 determined significance. No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.25) between treatments for live or carcass-adjusted average daily gain, dry matter intake, gain efficiency, dietary NE utilization, nor calculated dietary NE content based upon performance. No differences were detected between treatments for any carcass traits (P ≥ 0.15). Salmonella was not recovered in any fecal samples except on d 112, where steers from CLO had a numerically lower (P = 0.17; 8.3 vs. 25.0%) incidence of fecal Salmonella compared to CON and on d 140 fecal, where Salmonella incidence did not differ (P = 0.34; 0.0 vs. 8.3%) for CON and CLO, respectively. Salmonella was not recovered in any subiliac lymph nodes. These data indicate that CLO did not influence growth performance or Salmonella prevalence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document