BioWorma as an Aid for Controlling Ruminant Nematode Parasites

Abstract Nematode-trapping fungi are biological control agents used against the larval stages of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock feces. These fungi are normal soil inhabitants where they feed on a variety of non-parasitic soil nematodes. Of the various fungi tested, Duddingtonia flagrans spores (BioWorma, International Animal Health Products, Australia) have been shown to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. After defecation, the spores germinate and grow in the feces to form sticky, sophisticated traps/loops which are able to trap the developing larval stages in the fecal environment. This form of control has been successfully applied under field conditions and is an environmentally safe biological approach for forage-based feeding systems. BioWorma has recently been approved for use in the United States. The primary delivery system is mixing BioWorma into supplement feedstuffs daily where each animal has the opportunity to consume an adequate amount of the mixture. To achieve optimum control of larvae during the transmission season (May–October), BioWorma needs to be fed for a period of no shorter than 60 days, starting at the beginning of the grazing season (especially young after weaning). Feeding BioWorma to dams during late pregnancy and lactation will also help to reduce pasture contamination, especially for growing young that will graze the same pasture. Another delivery system is mixing BioWorma into loose mineral supplement where animals will consume it free choice. The mineral needs to be kept covered and dry. The spores cannot be incorporated into pellets as the heat of the pelleting process will kill the spores. One drawback in using BioWorma is the relatively high cost. Research is being conducted to evaluate other delivery schemes that could be more cost effective. This product is the only control method that targets nematodes on pasture, where a majority of the total population reside.

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Development of a novel self-medicating applicator for control of internal and external parasites of wild and domestic animals

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v71i1.284 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.J Burridge ◽

L.A. Simmons ◽

E.H. Ahrens ◽

S.A.J. Naude ◽

F.S. Malan

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Passive Control ◽

Animal Health ◽

The United States ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽

Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽

Horn Fly ◽

Fort Dodge Animal Health

Four trials, three in the United States and one in South Africa, were conducted to evaluate the potential value of a novel self-medicating applicator in the passive control of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle and deer, and of flies and ticks on cattle using oil-based treatments. The results of the trials demonstrated that this applicator is an effective and practical device for the passive treatment of both deer and cattle for trichostrongyle infections using the endectocide, moxidectin (Cydectin (R) , Fort Dodge Animal Health, USA), of cattle for horn fly (Haemotobia irritans) infestations using the insecticide, cyfluthrin (CyLence (R) , Bayer AG, Germany) and of cattle for tick infestations (in particular Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) using the acaricides deltamethrin and amitraz (Delete All (R) , Intervet, South Africa).

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Edible mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus as biocontrol agents of parasites of importance for livestock

Scientia Fungorum ◽

10.33885/sf.2021.52.1375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. e1375

Author(s):

Tania María Rodríguez-Barrera ◽

Maura Téllez-Téllez ◽

José E. Sánchez ◽

Gloria Sarahí Castañeda-Ramirez ◽

Maria De Lourdes Acosta-Urdapilleta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Animal Health ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Edible Mushrooms ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Digital Platforms ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nematocidal Activity

Background: Edible mushrooms have nutraceutical properties, mainly in humans, animals and plants. Pleurotus species represent an alternative approach to parasite control because they have nematocidal activity against different taxonomic genera of nematodes of importance for livestock (e.g., eggs and infective and histotrophic larvae of Haemonchus contortus), as well as against other parasites of importance in animal health. Objective: To present a general overview of fungi of the genus Pleurotus and their characteristics as a sustainable method of biocontrol for parasitic nematodes of animals with importance in public health. Methods: This bibliographic review was carried out by consulting published studies on edible fungi of the genus Pleurotus and analyzing their properties related to nematocidal activity. The works were grouped according to their research focus; works related to keywords and topics in livestock were identified in indexed journals and on digital platforms. Results and conclusions: Pleurotus spp. produce different secondary metabolites with antiparasitic activities, mainly anthelmintic and particularly against gastrointestinal nematodes and their larval stages. The characteristics of these fungi are excellent for biotechnological applications since they produce a wide range of secondary metabolites in different parts, such as in the basidiomas, mycelia and degraded substrates.

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Prevalence of common gastrointestinal nematode parasites in scavenging pigs of different ages and sexes in Eastern Centre province, Burkina Faso

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v73i1.169 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H.H. Tamboura ◽

H. Banga-Mboko ◽

D. Maes ◽

I. Youssao ◽

A. Traore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Nematode Parasites ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Veterinary Importance

The range and infestation intensities of gastrointestinal parasitic nematode species depend on the type of swine production system. The present study focused mainly on nematodes of veterinary importance in scavenging pigs in Burkina Faso, and aimed at determining the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites by means of faecal egg per gram (EPG) counts. Between November 2001 and October 2002, faecal samples from 383 pigs of different sexes and ages (< 5 months, 5-12 months and > 12 months) were collected from the rectum and examined for gastrointestinal nematodes parasites using the Mc Master method. Of the 383 pigs examined, 91 % were infected by one or more para sites. Ascaris suum (40 %; 100-1 400 EPG) was the most prevalent parasite followed by Strongyloides ransomi (21 %; 100-4 200 EPG), Oesophagostomum spp. (18 %; 100-1 000 EPG), Hyostrongylus rubidus (11 %; 100-1 800 EPG), Globocephalus spp. 10 %; 100-400 EPG) and Trichuris suis (1 %; 100-200 EPG). The prevalence was significantly higher in female pigs (n = 239) than in males. In addition, females excreted significantly (P < 0.05) more eggs in their faeces than males, except in the case of Globocephalus spp. The age of the animal had no effect on the prevalence of A. suum whereas there were significant differences in age categories concerning S. ransomi, H. rubidus, Oesophagostumum spp. and Globocephalus spp. Unexpectedly, the high prevalence of these common parasites was not accompanied by elevated EPG values, which suggests the existence of moderate infestations. The present work indicates that the common nematode infestations in pigs do not necessarily need a systematic herd anthelmintic treatment, as only a small number of worms is required to induce immunity. A further study is needed to formulate appropriate and cost-effective strategies for the control of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites in pigs in Burkina Faso.

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Incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Following Extremely Premature Birth and Associated Mortality Rates and Medication Use: Findings from a Large Integrated Health Care Delivery System in the United States

10.1055/s-0040-1716978 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

De-kun Li ◽

Andrew Hirst ◽

Sujata Sarda ◽

Jeannette Ferber ◽

Michael Kuzniewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Care ◽

Delivery System ◽

Health Care Delivery ◽

Premature Birth ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Medication Use ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Health Care Delivery System

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Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use in the United States: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Archives of Family Medicine ◽

10.1001/archfami.9.3.258 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 258-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 155

Author(s):

L. S. Balluz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

National Health ◽

The United States ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Mineral Supplement ◽

Supplement Use ◽

The Third ◽

Health And Nutrition

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Detection of enteroviruses in marine waters by direct RT-PCR and cell culture

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0635 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (5-6) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. A. Reynolds ◽

C. P. Gerba ◽

I. L. Pepper

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽

Cost Effective ◽

The United States ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Marine Waters ◽

Storm Water Runoff ◽

Routine Monitoring ◽

Reaction Amplification

Sewage outfalls and storm water runoff introduces pathogenic human enteric viruses into marine coastal waters, which may pose a potential public health risk. Although members of the enterovirus group have been suggested as possible indicators of sewage pollution in marine waters, the lack of rapid, sensitive and cost effective methods have prevented routine monitoring in the United States. This study compared traditional cell culture and direct RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) amplification for detection of an enterovirus. Poliovirus could be recovered from 100 L of artificial seawater with an average efficiency of 77%, using adsorption and elution from electronegative filters. Viruses were eluted from the filters with 1.5% beef extract for viruses (BEV) adjusted to pH 9.5 and reconcentrated by organic flocculation to a volume of 30 mL. Substances which interfered with detection by RT-PCR were removed by treatment of the concentrates with sephadex and chelex resins. Direct RT-PCR could detect 2.5 and 0.025 PFU (plaque forming units) for single (25 cycles) and double PCR (2 × 25 cycles) in 10 μL of pure culture poliovirus samples, respectively. These methods are currently being applied to assess the occurrence of enteroviruses at marine bathing beaches influenced by sewage discharges.

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Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.04.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (04) ◽

pp. 5347 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Omar B. Ahmed* ◽

Anas S. Dablool

Keyword(s):

Dna Extraction ◽

Control Method ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Cost Effective ◽

High Yield ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Dna ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.

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A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health, public health, and One Health

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/10406387211003088 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104063872110030

Author(s):

Craig N. Carter ◽

Jacqueline L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Data Streams ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Large Data ◽

Health Impact ◽

The United States ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.

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