131 Can Maternal Nutrition in Dairy Cattle Impact Gut Health in Dairy Calves?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Lautaro Rostoll Cangiano ◽  
Nilusha Malmuthuge ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Leluo Guan ◽  
Michael A Steele
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum

Abstract The nutritional management, health and welfare of the dairy calf has historically received less attention due to limited research, and recommendations largely focused on passive transfer of immunity and early weaning strategies. Gastrointestinal diseases and disorders remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in dairy calves worldwide. Despite the recent thrust in dairy calf nutrition research, major knowledge gaps still exist regarding how maternal nutrition during pregnancy and postpartum impact gastrointestinal health and function, especially during the fetal and neonatal stages when the developmental plasticity is highest. Recent research has focused on how prepartum nutrition and management can influence colostrum quality and has characterized numerous bioactive proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that may play a critical role in gastrointestinal function and development. It has also been shown that colostrum plays a fundamental role in promoting colonization with commensal bacteria; however, delaying colostrum feeding or abruptly transitioning calves from colostrum to milk decreased the colonization of beneficial bacteria and impaired gastrointestinal development. With respect to the maternal nutrient supply via milk, it is important to note that calves have been traditionally fed less than half of voluntary intake or fed milk replacer formulations that can largely differ in composition from that of maternal milk. Recent research indicated that common milk replacer formulations may impair gastrointestinal function, highlighting the need to question existing nutritional regimens. In addition, feeding prophylactic antibiotics in milk, as well as waste milk containing antibiotic residues, are common practices in the dairy industry, despite recent studies reporting that these practices can increase calf susceptibility to infections by disrupting gut microbiome and gut function. Although our knowledge how maternal factors impact the gastrointestinal tract of calves is limited, it is clear there are great opportunities to further develop prenatal and postnatal nutritional programs to improve dairy calf gastrointestinal health.

Clinical observations, biochemical data, and postmortem and histopathologic findings in young dairy calves fed zeolite clinoptilolite binder combined with milk replacer

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1587-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Step ◽  
Noah B. Litherland ◽  
Luis O. Burciaga-Robles ◽  
Melanie A. Breshears ◽  
Clinton R. Krehbiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Biochemical Data ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

scholarly journals Intensive liquid feeding of dairy calves with a medium crude protein milk replacer: Effects on performance, rumen, and blood parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 4448-4456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. de Paula ◽  
C.E. Oltramari ◽  
J.T. Silva ◽  
M.P.C. Gallo ◽  
G.B. Mourão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Protein Milk

scholarly journals Attempted Control of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Calves by Only Changing the Quality of Milk Fed to Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2569
Author(s):  
Pamela Steuer ◽  
Carlos Tejeda ◽  
Manuel Moroni ◽  
Cristobal Verdugo ◽  
Michael Thomas Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ion ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
One Year

One of the important routes of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) transmission in dairy calves is milk. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of milk treatments to prevent MAP infection transmission to calves. A one-year longitudinal study was carried out. Newborn calves were assigned to one of four experimental groups: 5 calves received naturally MAP-contaminated milk, 5 calves received copper treated milk, 4 calves were fed calf milk replacer, and 3 were fed UHT pasteurized milk. MAP load in milk was estimated. Infection progression was monitored monthly. After one year, calves were euthanized, and tissue samples were cultured and visually examined. MAP was undetectable in milk replacer and UHT milk. Copper ion treatment significantly reduced the number of viable MAP in naturally contaminated milk. Fecal shedding of MAP was observed in all study groups but began earlier in calves fed naturally contaminated milk. Paratuberculosis control programs must place multiple hurdles between the infection source, MAP-infected adult cows, and the most susceptible animals on the farm, young calves. As our study shows, strict dependence on a single intervention to block infection transmission, no matter how important, fails to control this insidious infection on dairy farms.

scholarly journals Risk factors for poor colostrum quality and failure of passive transfer in Scottish dairy calves

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alexandra Haggerty ◽  
Colin Mason ◽  
Kathryn Ellis ◽  
Katharine Denholm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Economic Implications

Abstract Failure of passive transfer (FPT) has health, welfare and economic implications for calves. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of 370 dairy calf serum samples from 38 Scottish dairy farms was measured via radial immunodiffusion (RID) to determine FPT prevalence. IgG concentration, total bacteria count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) of 252 colostrum samples were also measured. A questionnaire was completed at farm enrollment to investigate risk factors for FPT and poor colostrum quality at farm-level. Multivariable mixed effect logistic and linear regressions were carried out to determine significant risk factors for FPT and colostrum quality. Prevalence of FPT at calf level was determined to be 14.05%. Of 252 colostrum samples, 111 (44.05%) failed to meet Brix thresholds for colostrum quality. Of these 28 and 38 samples also exceeded TBC and TCC thresholds, respectively. Increased time between parturition and colostrum harvesting was numerically (non-significantly) associated with a colostrum Brix result <22%, and increased time spent in a bucket prior to feeding or storing was significantly associated with high TBC (≥100 000 cfu/ml and also ≥10 000 cfu/ml). High TBC values in colostrum were significantly associated with lower serum IgG concentrations. This study highlights associations between colostrum quality and FPT in dairy calves as well as potential risk factors for reduced colostrum quality; recommending some simple steps producers can take to maximise colostrum quality on farm.

scholarly journals Metabolic and performance responses to the replacement of lactose by fat in milk replacer formulations for dairy calves

animal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 100031
Author(s):  
T.T. Yohe ◽  
H. Berends ◽  
L.N. Leal ◽  
J.N. Wilms ◽  
M.A. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
And Performance

DIGESTIBILITY OF MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING RAPESEED OIL, FED TO DAIRY CALVES UNDER A MONTH OLD

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
SANDRA C. M. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Time Utilization ◽  
Milk Replacers

Sixteen calves 3–28 days of age were fed milk replacers containing 15% added fat with 0, 5, 10 or 15% rapeseed oil (27% erucic acid) substituting for lard. The protein in these replacers was entirely of milk origin. The rapeseed oil was 69% digestible, compared to 94% for the lard, and its use resulted in depression of the digestibility of protein from 80 to 66% as the portion of rapeseed oil rose from 0 to 15%. Three calves were fed a milk replacer containing 10% lard and 10% rapeseed oil, in which 60% of the protein of milk origin was replaced by protein from fish protein concentrate and from brewers’ yeast. The calves showed progressive improvement in their ability to digest amino acids in successive 2-day periods. Average amino acid digestibility increased from 72% at 4–6 days of age to 87% at 16–18 days of age, at which time utilization about equalled that expected on milk-origin diets.

scholarly journals Inulin Fermentation by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria from Dairy Calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanting Zhu ◽  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Julian M. Lopez ◽  
David A. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Prebiotics are increasingly examined for their ability to modulate the neonate gut microbiota of livestock, and products such as inulin are commonly added to milk replacer used in calving. However, the ability of specific members of the bovine neonate microbiota to respond to inulin remains to be determined, particularly among indigenous lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, beneficial genera commonly enriched by inulin. Screening of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus isolates obtained from fresh feces of dairy calves revealed that lactobacilli had a higher prevalence of inulin fermentation capacity (58%) than bifidobacteria (17%). Several Ligilactobacillus agilis (synonym Lactobacillus agilis) isolates exhibited vigorous growth on, and complete degradation of, inulin; however, the phenotype was strain specific. The most vigorous inulin-fermenting strain, L. agilis YZ050, readily degraded long-chain inulin not consumed by bifidobacterial isolates. Comparative genomic analysis of both L. agilis fermenter and nonfermenter strains indicated that strain YZ050 encodes an inulinase homolog, previously linked to extracellular degradation of long-chain inulin in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, that was strongly induced during growth on inulin. Inulin catabolism by YZ050 also generates extracellular fructose, which can cross-feed other non-inulin-fermenting lactic acid bacteria isolated from the same bovine feces. The presence of specific inulin-responsive bacterial strains within calf gut microbiome provides a mechanistic rationale for enrichment of specific lactobacilli and creates a foundation for future synbiotic applications in dairy calves aimed at improving health in early life. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome plays an important role in animal health and is increasingly recognized as a target for diet-based manipulation. Inulin is a common prebiotic routinely added to animal feeds; however, the mechanism of inulin consumption by specific beneficial taxa in livestock is ill defined. In this study, we examined Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium isolates from calves fed inulin-containing milk replacer and characterized specific strains that robustly consume long-chain inulin. In particular, novel Ligilactobacillus agilis strain YZ050 consumed inulin via an extracellular fructosidase, resulting in complete consumption of all long-chain inulin. Inulin catabolism resulted in temporal release of extracellular fructose, which can promote growth of other non-inulin-consuming strains of lactic acid bacteria. This work provides the mechanistic insight needed to purposely modulate the calf gut microbiome via the establishment of networks of beneficial microbes linked to specific prebiotics.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Revised WIC Food Package on Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Postpartum

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Hamad ◽  
Akansha Batra ◽  
Deborah Karasek ◽  
Kaja Z LeWinn ◽  
Nicole R Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutritional support for pregnant and postpartum women and young children. The typical food package provided to recipient families was revised in October 2009 to include more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat milk. Little is known about whether these revisions improved nutrition among women during this critical period of the life course. We conducted a quasiexperimental difference-in-differences analysis, comparing WIC recipients (“treatment” group) before and after the WIC policy change, while accounting for temporal trends among nonrecipients (“control” group). We examined nutritional outcomes among a cohort of 1,454 women recruited during pregnancy in 2006–2011 in Memphis and surrounding Shelby County, Tennessee. We found improvements in several measures of dietary quality and nutrient intake during pregnancy, although these did not persist into the postpartum period. Results were robust to numerous sensitivity analyses. At a time when federal WIC funding is threatened, this study provides some of the first evidence of the benefits of recent WIC revisions among low-income women.

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