174 Forage Production and Nutritive Value of Alfalfa-bermudagrass Mixtures Managed Under Contrasting Defoliation Strategies in the Southeast US

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
Liliane Severino da Silva ◽  
Justin C Burt ◽  
Mary K Mullenix ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Southeast Us ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Abstract Incorporation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) into bermudagrass pastures improves forage quality and decreases the reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizer. The objective of this study was to determine forage mass (FM), nutritive value (NV), and botanical composition of ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa and ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass (T85; Cynodon dactylon) mixtures managed under three defoliation strategies: 1) hay production (H), 2) grazing (G) or 3) dual-purpose (DP) use. The study was conducted in two locations (Headland, AL and Tifton, GA) using a randomized complete block design with two replicates. In spring 2020, grazed plots were divided in four strips and every 7-d, animals were rotated to a new strip and stocking rate was adjusted. Under DP, plots were grazed until mid-July, then forage was harvested in late August. For H plots, forage was harvested every 28 to 35-d. Forage samples were collected prior defoliation to determine FM and on grazed periods, pre- and post-grazing samples and disk meter measurements were collected. Nutritive value responses were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. There was no effect of defoliation strategy on FM (P = 0.604; mean 3471 kg DM/ha). Greater FM (P = 0.002) was observed in July and August than June (3531 and 3976 vs 2905 kg DM ha-1, SE= 263). This response was associated with an up to 40% increase of T85 proportion in the mixture (P = 0.001). Alfalfa percentage was 78% greater for DP than G (P = 0.029). There were no differences among treatments for NV responses (P > 0.05). Among defoliation periods, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations ranged from 14 to 22%, 45 to 58% and 28 to 35%, respectively. These preliminary results demonstrate multi-use options for this mixture in the region while aiming for increased forage nutritive value, and extended growing season, and sustainability of forage-livestock systems.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CANARANA ERECTA LISA (Echinocloa piramidalis Lam.) IN RESPONSE TO HARVEST INTERVALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
Mauricio Cesio Araujo Dutra ◽  
Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira ◽  
Valdson José da Silva ◽  
Luís Alfredo Pinheiro Leal Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Harvest Intervals

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare and explain the variations in the production and nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa grass (Echinocloa pyramidalis Lam.) at different harvest intervals. The treatments corresponded to the cut intervals of 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, and 69 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each experimental unit had 6m2 (3m ×2m). The variables studied included forage production, canopy height, and nutritive value o harvested forage. Forage production varied from 11517 to 12324 kg ha-1; Plant heights from 48.8 to 234 cm; Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 68.8% to 71.13%; Acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 36.20% to 44.15%; Crude protein (CP) from 11.43% to 5.85% and in “in vitro” dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) from 63.30% to 47.42%. These values indicated that the nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa was reduced at longer harvest intervals. It is recommended to harvest the grass at 35 days of regrowth favoring productivity, nutritive value and forage digestibility.

scholarly journals Sorghum and black oat forage production and its nutritive value under phosphate levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Rasiel Restelatto ◽  
Luis Fernando Glassenap de Menezes ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Recovery

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting mineral elements for biomass and grain production in tropical soils. This study was undertaken to assess the influence of P on herbage accumulation (DM) and the nutritive value of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and black oat (Avena strigosa) in succession. Evaluated treatments were P fertilization levels of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg of P2O5 ha-1 distributed in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The treatments were applied at sorghum seeding in the summer 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. Black oat was seeded following sorghum in 2011 with no additional P fertilization. Herbage production and its nutritive value were assessed by successive cuts. The greatest sorghum DM yields were obtained at the highest phosphate level tested (200 kg P2O5 ha-1), with residual response in subsequent black oat. There was no effect of P fertilization levels on the nutritive values of both crops, considering crude protein (CP) levels, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), what demonstrates that P addition has no effect in forage nutritive value, especially when the soil P levels are classified as medium or high. The plant P recovery efficiency decreased when increasing P fertilization levels for both sorghum and black oat. The level of 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-1 presented the greatest P recovery by plants, which supports the idea of less fertilizer use with more efficiency.

scholarly journals Modification of the summative equation to estimate daily total digestible nutrients for bermudagrass pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Woli ◽  
Francis M Rouquette ◽  
Charles R Long ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi ◽  
Guillermo Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract In forage-animal nutrition modeling, diet energy is estimated mainly from the forage total digestible nutrients (TDN). As digestibility trials are expensive, TDN is usually estimated using summative equations. Early summative equations assumed a fixed coefficient to compute digestible fiber using the lignin-to-neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio. Subsequently, a structural coefficient (φ) was added to the summative equations to reflect an association between lignin and cell wall components. Additional modifications to the summative equations assumed a constant φ value, and they have been used as a standard method by many commercial laboratories and scientists. For feeds with nutritive values that do not change much over time, a constant φ value may suffice. However, for forages with nutritive values that keep changing during the grazing season owing to changes in weather and plant maturity, a constant φ value may add a systematic bias to prediction because it is associated with the variable lignin-to-NDF ratio. In this study, we developed a model to estimate φ as a function of the day of the year by using the daily TDN values of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], a popular warm-season perennial grass in the southern United States. The variable φ model was evaluated by using it in the TDN equation and comparing the estimated values with the observed ones obtained from several locations. Values of the various measures of fit used—the Willmott index (WI), the modeling efficiency (ME), R2, root mean square error (RMSE), and percent error (PE)—showed that using the variable φ vis-à-vis the constant φ improved the TDN equation significantly. The WI, ME, R2, RMSE, and PE values of 0.94, 0.80, 0.80, 2.5, and 4.7, respectively, indicated that the TDN equation with the variable φ model was able to mimic the observed values of TDN satisfactorily. Unlike the constant φ, the variable φ predicted more closely the forage nutritive value throughout the grazing season. The variable φ model may be useful to forage-beef modeling in accurately reflecting the impacts of plant maturity and weather on daily forage nutritive value and animal performance.

scholarly journals Forage Mass, Tillering, Nutritive Value and Root System of Ruzigrass Inoculated with Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Associated with Doses of N-Fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Artur Roque Domingues Barreiros ◽  
Ulysses Cecato ◽  
Camila Fernandes Domingues Duarte ◽  
Mariangela Hungria ◽  
Thiago Trento Biserra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of the inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in forage mass, tillering, nutritive value and root system of ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. & Evrard) Crins (syn. of Brachiaria ruziziensis) associated with doses of N-fertilizer. The bacteria inoculated were Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5, Pseudomonas fluorescens CCTB03 and Pantoea ananatis AMG 521, plus the control treatment (non-inoculated), associated with doses of N-fertilizer (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1). The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with four replicates, totaling 48 plots (12 m2). There were no effects of the PGPB and the use of N-fertilizer on the leaf blade, stem+sheath, forage mass, daily and yearly accumulation of forage mass. The PGPB did not have influence on the density of tillers. The doses of 50 and 100 kg of N ha-1 increased the amount of tillers. The AMG 521 strain associated with N-fertilizer provided heavier tillers. There was no effect of the PGPB on crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), as well as acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter (IVDDM).  The use of 100 kg of N ha-1 contributed to an increase in CP and a decrease in NDF. The AMG 521 strain contributed to a smaller diameter of the root. Strains CCTB03 and AMG 521 demonstrated a smaller area, length and root density when associated with the dose of 50kg of N ha-1. In general, the PGPB were not efficient in promoting productive increments in ruzigrass.

scholarly journals The Relative Performance of a Benchtop Scanning Monochromator and Handheld Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectrometer in Predicting Forage Nutritive Value

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Digman ◽  
Jerry H. Cherney ◽  
Debbie J. R. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Advanced manufacturing techniques have enabled low-cost, on-chip spectrometers. Little research exists, however, on their performance relative to the state of technology systems. The present study compares the utility of a benchtop FOSS NIRSystems 6500 (FOSS) to a handheld NeoSpectra-Scanner (NEO) to develop models that predict the composition of dried and ground grass, and alfalfa forages. Mixed-species prediction models were developed for several forage constituents, and performance was assessed using an independent dataset. Prediction models developed with spectra from the FOSS instrument had a standard error of prediction (SEP, % DM) of 1.4, 1.8, 3.3, 1.0, 0.42, and 1.3, for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), true in vitro digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and crude protein (CP), respectively. The R2P for these models ranged from 0.90 to 0.97. Models developed with the NEO resulted in an average increase in SEP of 0.14 and an average decrease in R2P of 0.002.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield, yield components and nutritive value in intercropping of Barley with Vetch

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-379
Author(s):  
Bijan Kahraryan ◽  
Farhad Farahvash ◽  
Soleyman Mohammadi ◽  
Bahram Mirshekari ◽  
Varharam Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

To evaluate some agronomic properties and forage characteristics in the intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and vetch (Vicia ervilia L.), an experiment was conducted during 2014-2016 cropping seasons. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Intercropping patterns included 80% barley+ 20% vetch, 60% barley+ 40% vetch, 40% barley + 60% vetch and 20% barley + 80% vetch along with the sole culture of both crops (100% barley and100% vetch). The result showed that the highest value of plant height, grain number, thousand-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest in barley was observed from 80% barley + 20% vetch intercropping ratio, however, for vetch, it was detected from 100% vetch. Furthermore, the highest land equivalent ratio was obtained from 80% barley+ 20% vetch. Based on the results, the highest crude protein content and dry matter digestibility were observed in sole cropped vetch, whereas the highest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were recorded in sole cropped barley. These results suggested that intercropped barley and vetch as 80% barley + 20% vetch ameliorated the grain yield and yield components, and forage quality compared to other intercropping ratios.

scholarly journals Lamb performance in hardwood silvopastures, I: animal gains and forage measures in summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Pent ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
John F Munsell ◽  
Benjamin F Tracy ◽  
John H Fike
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Stocking Rates

Abstract The integration of trees into pasture systems can have variable effects on forage and animal growth. Some reports of these systems have indicated that animal gains are similar or better even when tree presence lowers forage yield. Forage production and animal performance were compared in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.)-based and honeylocust (Gleditisia triacanthose L.)-based silvopasture systems and open pastures in a randomized complete block design with three blocks over three summers. Cool season-based, mixed grass pastures were rotationally stocked with four to seven lambs depending on available forage. A rising plate meter was used to estimate pre- and post-graze forage mass. Forage samples of the mixed sward were collected and analyzed for nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. Species percent cover was estimated using a modified Daubenmire approach at the same 12 points within each experimental unit every 4 wk during the study. Pre-graze herbage mass was similar (P = 0.0717) in honeylocust silvopastures (5020 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and open pastures (4930 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and lowest (P < 0.0001) in the black walnut silvopastures (3560 ± 30 kg·ha−1). Forages in the black walnut and honeylocust silvopastures had similar (P = 0.4867) N concentrations (23.3 ± 0.4 and 23.9 ± 0.4 g·kg−1, respectively), which was greater (P ≤ 0.0003) than that of the forages in the open pastures (21.0 ± 0.4 g·kg−1). Forages in the honeylocust silvopasture had lower (P ≤ 0.0042) NDF concentrations (507 ± 3 g·kg−1) than forages in the black walnut silvopasture and open pastures (mean = 525 ± 3 g·kg−1). Forage species present in the black walnut silvopastures differed from those present in the open and honeylocust systems, which had similar composition. Despite differences in stocking rates, total lamb weight gains per system did not differ (P ≥ 0.7592) among black walnut, honeylocust, and open pasture systems (10 ± 2, 12 ± 2, and 10 ± 2 kg·d−1, respectively). Silvopasture practices can improve land productivity when incorporated into cool season forage pastures.

scholarly journals Degradability study of neutral detergent fiber of coast cross (Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon nlemfunensis)

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1184-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciana Villela Savian ◽  
Joel Augusto Muniz ◽  
Luiz Henrique de Aquino ◽  
Vera Lúcia Banys ◽  
Daniel Furtado Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Degradation Model ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Plot Design

The objective of this work was to fit the degradation model proposed by Orskov & McDonald (1979) to data of an in situ degradability trial. Neutral detergent fiber degradations (NDF) of coast cross grass (Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon nlemfunensis) were submitted to twelve cutting ages (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 days) in a complete block design. At each cutting age, NDF degradation was investigated using nine incubation times (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours) in a split-plot design, taking cutting age as main plots and incubation time as subplots. Each plot comprised a non-lactating cow with a permanent ruminal fistula. Variances of the parameter estimates were also obtained, as well as expressions for the estimation of confidence intervals for parameters in the model. A good fit of the model to the data of neutral detergent fiber degradability in the most cutting ages was found. The cutting ages of the coast cross grass influenced the degradability of different fractions, benefiting early stages. In advanced cutting ages the parameters estimates were less precise.

scholarly journals Foliar fertilizer and biostimulant to enhance performance of Urochloa hybrid in two different seasons

2019 ◽  
pp. 1429-1437
Author(s):  
Luara Cristina de Lima ◽  
Leandro Martins Barbero ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Fernanda Carvalho Basso ◽  
Atalita Francis Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Technologies that promote forage production provide gains of income in beef cattle. The objective of this research was to evaluate forage production, morphological components and nutritive value of pasture of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364, with application of biostimulant, foliar fertilizers and urea. A completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments consisted of T1 (control: no fertilization), T2 (urea), T3 (Fertmicro), T4 (FertN), T5 (biostimulant), T6 (Fertmicro+biostimulant), T7 (FertN+biostimulant). The leaf content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients, accumulation of dry mass and rate of forage accumulation, concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, morphological components were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the Tukey test at the 5% significance level for the comparison of mean values. The use of foliar fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and biostimulant promoted accumulation of forage dry mass, leaf, stem and dead material and higher rates of accumulation of dry mass of stem and dead material of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364.

scholarly journals Adaptability study of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes for their agronomic performance and nutritive value in Adola district of East Guji zone of Oromia

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
T. Jabessa ◽  
Z. Amare ◽  
G. Dejene
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Biomass Plant

The study was conducted to identify adaptable, high biomass and seed yield of Cowpea genotypes. Three Cowpea genotypes Bole, 6786 and 2351 were tested in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result revealed that days to 50% flowering, days to seed maturity, plant height and seed yield was significantly (P<0.05) different among treatments. Among the tested genotypes late matured was obtained from genotype 6786 (131) days while late genotype was obtained from 2351 (113 days). The highest value of plant height was measured from genotype 6786 (132.8 cm), whereas the short plant height was obtained from genotype 2351 (64.8 cm). The highest seed yield was produced from Bole genotype (24.18 qt/ha), whereas the lowest seed yield was obtained from genotype 6786 (6.8 qt/ha). Chemical composition indicated genotype 2351 was the highest in total ash (TASH) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) whereas less in crude protein (CP) genotype 6786 was the highest in crude protein (CP) while Bole variety had the highest in dry matter (DM), acid detergent lignin (ADL), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and organic matter (OM). This study implied that 6786 genotypes were well adapted and productive regarding the plant height (131.8 cm) and biomass yield (4.4 t/ha), which is hopeful to fill the low quantity ruminant feed gap. Besides, the nutritional values were promising, particularly the crude protein (CP) in 6786 genotypes. Thus it could be possible to conclude that cowpea genotype, especially 6786 used as a protein supplement. Based on its adaptability, high biomass, plant height, good CP content 6786 genotype is recommended for further promotion in the midland of East Guji zone and similar agro-ecologies.

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