263 Characterizing Vaginal Bacterial Community Composition in Brangus Heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
Riley D Messman ◽  
Zully E Contreras-Correa ◽  
Henry A Paz ◽  
Caleb O Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Vaginal Tract ◽  
Microbial Environment ◽  
Ease Of Access

Abstract The role of the reproductive tract microbiota is an emerging field receiving considerable attention in human research, whereby the vaginal microbiota has been characterized in relation to fertility, conception, pregnancy, and parturition. However, the acidic, Lactobaccillus dominated vaginal microbiota in humans contrasts the neutral, dynamic microbial environment characterized in cattle. Over the past few years, many postpartum studies in dairy cattle described a mechanism recently proposed in humans, the ascension of the vaginal microbiota into the uterine body at the onset of labor. Although bovine fetal sterility prior to parturition is under debate, the vaginal microbiota is an early contact for the neonate with microorganisms and inoculates the uterus during parturition. Thus, any changes occurring in the vaginal microbiota could have implications in dam and calf health; this, combined with ease of access, led to the current research focusing on the bovine vaginal microbiota. Characterization studies during the estrous cycle, gestation, and postpartum period have been performed, concluding the bovine vaginal microbiota is dynamic. However, due to the low abundance in the vaginal microbiota, the seemingly small taxonomic changes reported in these studies could be of great importance. Secondly, researchers have begun to evaluate the effect of exogenous and endogenous hormone concentrations on the vaginal microbiota. Little to no differences have been found except with exogenous melatonin supplementation. In pregnant heifers, exogenous melatonin altered the beta diversity of the vaginal tract by increasing aerobic bacteria present. Moreover, a study evaluating the effects of nutrient restriction on the vaginal microbiota found no taxonomic or structure differences. These findings have allowed researchers to target paucities, improve methodology, and realize the importance of the reproductive tract microbiota. In short, based on these studies, future research examining the role of the reproductive tract microbiota could uncover mechanisms vital to increasing reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Role of Lactobacillus in Female Infertility Via Modulating Sperm Agglutination and Immobilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenghao Zhang ◽  
Jie Dai ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Vaginal Tract

Infertility has become a common problem in recent decades. The pathogenesis of infertility is variable, but microbiological factors account for a large proportion of it. Dysbiosis of vaginal microbiota is reportedly associated with female infertility, but the influence of normal vaginal microbiota on infertility is unclear. In this review, we summarize the physiological characteristics of the vaginal tract and vaginal microbiota communities. We mainly focus on the bacterial adherence of vaginal Lactobacillus species. Given that the adherent effect plays a crucial role in the colonization of bacteria, we hypothesize that the adherent effect of vaginal Lactobacillus may also influence the fertility of the host. We also analyze the agglutination and immobilization effects of other bacteria, especially Escherichia coli, on ejaculated spermatozoa, and speculate on the possible effects of normal vaginal microbiota on female fertility.

scholarly journals The Central Role of Cadherins in Gonad Development, Reproduction and Fertility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał P. Piprek ◽  
Malgorzata Kloc ◽  
Paulina Mizia ◽  
Jacek Z. KUBIAK
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Germline Development

Cadherins are a group of membrane proteins responsible for cell adhesion. They are crucial for cell sorting and recognition during the morphogenesis, but also play many other roles such as assuring tissue integrity and resistance to stretching, mechanotransduction, cell signaling, regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, carcinogenesis, etc. Within the cadherin superfamily, the E- and N-cadherin have been especially well studied. They are involved in many aspects of sexual development and reproduction, such as germline development and gametogenesis, gonad development and functioning, and fertilization. E-cadherin is expressed in the primordial germ cells, (PGCs) and also participates in PGC migration to the developing gonads where they become enclosed by the N-cadherin-expressing somatic cells. The differential expression of cadherins is also responsible for the establishment of the testis or ovary structure. In the adult testes, the N-cadherin is responsible for the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium, regulation of sperm production, and the establishment of the blood-testis barrier. Sex hormones regulate the expression and turnover of N-cadherin influencing the course of spermatogenesis. In the adult ovaries, E- and N-cadherin assure the integrity of ovarian follicles and the formation of corpora lutea. Cadherins are expressed in the mature gametes, and facilitate the capacitation of sperm in the female reproductive tract, and gamete contact during fertilization. The germ cells and accompanying somatic cells express a series of different cadherins, however, their role in gonads and reproduction is still unknown. In this review, we show what is known and unknown about the role of cadherins in the germline and gonad development, and suggest the topics for future research.

Role of microRNAs in cancers of the female reproductive tract: insights from recent clinical and experimental discovery studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Logan ◽  
Shannon M. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Type

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that represent the top of the pyramid of many tumorigenesis cascade pathways as they have the ability to affect multiple, intricate, and still undiscovered downstream targets. Understanding how miRNA molecules serve as master regulators in these important networks involved in cancer initiation and progression open up significant innovative areas for therapy and diagnosis that have been sadly lacking for deadly female reproductive tract cancers. This review will highlight the recent advances in the field of miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer, endometrioid endometrial cancer and squamous-cell cervical carcinoma focusing on studies associated with actual clinical information in humans. Importantly, recent miRNA profiling studies have included well-characterized clinical specimens of female reproductive tract cancers, allowing for studies correlating miRNA expression with clinical outcomes. This review will summarize the current thoughts on the role of miRNA processing in unique miRNA species present in these cancers. In addition, this review will focus on current data regarding miRNA molecules as unique biomarkers associated with clinically significant outcomes such as overall survival and chemotherapy resistance. We will also discuss why specific miRNA molecules are not recapitulated across multiple studies of the same cancer type. Although the mechanistic contributions of miRNA molecules to these clinical phenomena have been confirmed using in vitro and pre-clinical mouse model systems, these studies are truly only the beginning of our understanding of the roles miRNAs play in cancers of the female reproductive tract. This review will also highlight useful areas for future research regarding miRNAs as therapeutic targets in cancers of the female reproductive tract.

Is the role of human female reproductive tract microbiota underestimated?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kamińska ◽  
M. Gajecka
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
The Impact

An issue that is currently undergoing extensive study is the influence of human vaginal microbiota (VMB) on the health status of women and their neonates. Healthy women are mainly colonised with lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus iners; however, other bacteria may be elements of the VMB, particularly in women with bacterial vaginosis. The implementation of culture-independent molecular methods in VMB characterisation, especially next-generation sequencing, have provided new information regarding bacterial diversity in the vagina, revealing a large number of novel, fastidious, and/or uncultivated bacterial species. These molecular studies have contributed new insights regarding the role of bacterial community composition. In this study, we discuss recent findings regarding the reproductive tract microbiome. Not only bacteria but also viruses and fungi constitute important components of the reproductive tract microbiome. We focus on aspects related to the impact of the maternal microbiome on foetal development, as well as the establishment of the neonatal microbiomes, including the placenta microbiome, and the haematogenous source of intrauterine infection. We also discuss whether the role of the vaginal microbiome is currently understood and appreciated.

scholarly journals The Central Role of Cadherins in Gonad Development, Reproduction, and Fertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8264
Author(s):  
Rafał P. Piprek ◽  
Malgorzata Kloc ◽  
Paulina Mizia ◽  
Jacek Z. Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Germline Development

Cadherins are a group of membrane proteins responsible for cell adhesion. They are crucial for cell sorting and recognition during the morphogenesis, but they also play many other roles such as assuring tissue integrity and resistance to stretching, mechanotransduction, cell signaling, regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, carcinogenesis, etc. Within the cadherin superfamily, E- and N-cadherin have been especially well studied. They are involved in many aspects of sexual development and reproduction, such as germline development and gametogenesis, gonad development and functioning, and fertilization. E-cadherin is expressed in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) and also participates in PGC migration to the developing gonads where they become enclosed by the N-cadherin-expressing somatic cells. The differential expression of cadherins is also responsible for the establishment of the testis or ovary structure. In the adult testes, N-cadherin is responsible for the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium, regulation of sperm production, and the establishment of the blood–testis barrier. Sex hormones regulate the expression and turnover of N-cadherin influencing the course of spermatogenesis. In the adult ovaries, E- and N-cadherin assure the integrity of ovarian follicles and the formation of corpora lutea. Cadherins are expressed in the mature gametes and facilitate the capacitation of sperm in the female reproductive tract and gamete contact during fertilization. The germ cells and accompanying somatic cells express a series of different cadherins; however, their role in gonads and reproduction is still unknown. In this review, we show what is known and unknown about the role of cadherins in the germline and gonad development, and we suggest topics for future research.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

Potential Role of Cytokines in Children with Acute Appendicitis and Acute Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Astra Zviedre ◽  
Arnis Engelis ◽  
Mohit Kakar ◽  
Aigars Pētersons
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Near Future

Potential Role of Cytokines in Children with Acute Appendicitis and Acute Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Although, AAP and AML have different etiological factors, clinical symptoms are very much similar but treatment tactics in both the disease differ a lot. In case of AML, treatment is more conservative and does not require hospitalization while in case of AAP immediate hospitalization and maybe further surgery can be mandatory. With the identification of group of cytokines serum inflammatory mediators IL-8, IL-10, IL-12[p70], IL-17, TNF-a and MCP-1, it is believed early and proper diagnosis of AAP in the near future. Research of cytokines-serum inflammatory mediators has opened new opportunities for an early detection and differentiation of these two diseases in children.

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