341 Meta-analysis of the Performance Responses of Replacement Heifers and Beef Cows to Monensin

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Mikayla F Moore ◽  
Shane Gadberry ◽  
David Lalman ◽  
Frank White ◽  
Sara Linneen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
P Value ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cow Calf

Abstract Performance benefits of monensin have been extensively studied in finishing and stocker cattle, but considerably less published work is available evaluating response to monensin supplementation in cow-calf production systems. Feed additives are more difficult to study in cow-calf production systems due to unstable diet characteristics and cow physiological state throughout the production cycle. This meta-analysis investigated the impacts of monensin on performance of extensively raised beef cow-calf and developing replacement heifers. The replacement heifer analysis was conducted with a maximum of 48 treatment means in 18 experiments. The mature cow analysis included 21 publications and 26 mean comparisons. The metaphor package (version 2.4-0; Viechtbauer, 2010) for R (version 4.0.3; www.r-project.org) was used to determine the overall effect size of monensin compared to a negative control. Each study’s n, means, and SEM or P-value was used to calculate the mean difference and estimate of within study variance for responses of interest. For replacement heifers, average daily gain (+0.03 ± 0.008 kg/d), feed efficiency (+0.013 ± 0.008 gain:feed), and percentage cycling before the breeding season (+15.9 ± 5.13%) were increased (P < 0.01), while dry matter intake (-4.3%) and age at puberty (-8.9 ± 1.48 d) were decreased (P < 0.01). Six studies reporting ad libitum forage intake for mature cows showed that monensin decreased (P = 0.008) DMI by 0.85 ± 0.322 kg/day. Six studies showed monesin increased (P = 0.01) milk yield 0.39 ± 0.15 kg/day by mature cows in early lactation. There were no differences in artificial insemination pregnancy nor total pregnancy for either the heifer or mature cow data sets. This analysis also indicates potential for use of monensin in beef cow production systems, but further research is needed to elucidate the effects on DMI and milk production in beef cows.

scholarly journals Beef cow weight variations during gestation and offspring performance: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3961-3976
Author(s):  
John Lenon Klein ◽  
◽  
Diego Soares Machado ◽  
Sander Martinho Adams ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of weight loss or weight gain of beef cows during the second and/or third trimester of gestation on the postnatal performance of the progeny. The variation in cow weight during the gestational period was calculated to standardize the treatments, being them: severe loss (SL = cows that lost more than 10% of weight); moderate loss (ML = cows that lost from 0 to 10% of weight) and weight gain (WG = cows that gained weight). The intensity of the cow weight variation effect was calculated as the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval and heterogeneity determined using the Q test and the I2 statistic. A meta-analysis of random effects was conducted for each indicator separately with the means of the control and experimental groups. Calves from WG cows were higher for birth weight (P = 0.0094); weight adjusted to 205 days (P = 0.0127) and average daily gain during pre-weaning (P < 0.0001) in relation to calves from ML cows. The W205 of calves from SL cows was 11.6 kg lower than the progeny from ML cows. The post-weaning performance of the progeny tended (P = 0.0868) to be higher in the progeny of WG cows than ML ones. The weight gain of beef cows during gestation improves the pre- and post-weaning performance of the progeny, with more evident effects in the early months of life of the offspring.

scholarly journals A mathematical nutrition model adequately predicts beef and dairy cow intake and biological efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A Lancaster ◽  
Michael E Davis ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi ◽  
Jack J Rutledge ◽  
Larry V Cundiff
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
P Value ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Beef Cow

Abstract The beef cow-calf sector accounts for 70% of feed consumed and greenhouse gases emitted for the beef industry, but there is no straightforward method to measure biological efficiency in grazing conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate a mathematical nutrition model to estimate the feed intake and biological efficiency of mature beef cows. Data from dams (N = 160) and their 2 nd and 3 rd progeny (312 pairs) were collected from 1953 through 1980. Individual feed intake was measured at 28-d intervals year-round for dams and during 240-d lactation for progeny. Body weights of progeny were measured at 28-d intervals from birth to weaning, and of dams at parturition and weaning each production cycle. Milk yield of dams was measured at 14-d intervals. Dam ME intake (DMEI) and milk energy yield (MEL) of each cow was predicted using the Cattle Value Discovery System beef cow (CVDSbc) model for each parity. Biological efficiency (Mcal/kg) was computed as the ratio of observed or predicted DMEI to observed calf weaning weight (PWW). Pearson correlation coefficients were computed using corr.test function and model evaluation was performed using the epiR function in R software. Average (SD) dam weight, PWW, DMEI, and observed MEL were 527 (86) kg, 291 (47) kg, 9584 (2701) Mcal/production cycle, and 1029 (529) Mcal, respectively. Observed and predicted DMEI (r = 0.93 and 0.91), and observed and predicted MEL (r = 0.58 and 0.59) were positively correlated for progeny 2 and 3, respectively. The CVDS beef cow model under-predicted DMEI (mean bias = 1120 ± 76 Mcal, 11.7% of observed value) and MEL (mean bias = 30 ± 25 Mcal, 2.9% of observed value). Observed and predicted progeny feed intake were not correlated (r = 0.01, P-value = 0.79). Observed and predicted biological efficiency were positively correlated (r = 0.80 and 0.80, P-value ≤ 0.05) for parity 2 and 3, respectively, and the CVDSbc model under-predicted biological efficiency by 11% (mean bias = 3.59 ± 0.25 Mcal/kg). The CVDSbc provides reasonable predictions of feed intake and biological efficiency of mature beef cows, but further refinement of the relationship between calf feed intake and milk yield is recommended to improve predictions. Mathematical nutrition models can assist in the discovery of the biological efficiency of mature beef cows.

PSVII-13 Performance and environmental benefits from biochar supplementation in beef cattle grazing systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Emily Conlin ◽  
Herbert Lardner ◽  
Jennifer L Ellis ◽  
Ira B Mandell ◽  
Katharine M Wood
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Rapid City

Abstract Worldwide, beef production systems represent a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG), and enteric methane (CH4) emissions are the primary concern. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether biochar (Oregon Biochar Solution, White City, OR) supplementation can reduce CH4 emissions from grazing beef cows. Biochar is a stable form of carbon produced through the pyrolysis of organic matter (typically forestry waste). Sixty-four cows and their calves were blocked by cow body weight and calf age, and randomly allocated to 8 paddocks, each with 8 cow-calf pairs. Using a crossover design, each paddock was assigned to one of two treatments: (1) biochar supplemented at approximately 3% of estimated dry matter intake (DMI) or (2) control (no biochar). Biochar was incorporated into a pellet containing 45% biochar, 42.5% wheat midds, 10% canola oil, and 2.5% dry molasses and fed in a portable trough once daily. Each period consisted of 28 days: 21 days for biochar adaptation and 7 days for data collection. Enteric gas emissions from each paddock were measured using C-Lock GreenFeed trailers (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA) with pasture DMI estimated using paddock entry/exit quadrats during each sampling week. Enteric CH4 emissions expressed as g CH4/d were 249 and 260 ± 50.3 g (P ≥ 0.37) for control and biochar, respectively. Similarly, g CH4/kg DM and g CH4/kg BW were not affected (P ≥ 0.44) by biochar supplementation on pasture. Biochar supplementation did not affect estimated DMI or cow/calf body weights (P ≥ 0.15). Results suggest that biochar was ineffective for reducing methane emissions from grazing beef cows; however, measures of animal performance were not affected by biochar consumption. Further work is required to determine if type or higher inclusions of biochar can reduce CH4 emissions from beef cattle.

PSXIV-4 Meta-analysis of the effects of monensin on growth and bloat of growing beef calves on pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
Shane Gadberry ◽  
David Lalman ◽  
Frank White ◽  
Sara Linneen ◽  
Paul A Beck
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Day Length ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage Diets

Abstract This meta-analysis investigated the impacts of monensin on performance of stocker cattle on high-forage diets. The stocker performance analysis resulted from 38 experiments with 73 mean comparisons; bloat analysis was conducted with 12 experiments with 23 mean comparisons. The metaphor package (version 2.4-0) for R (version 4.0.3; www.r-project.org) was used to determine the overall effect size of monensin compared to a negative control. Each study’s n, means, and SEM or P-value was used to calculate the mean difference and estimate of within study variance for responses of interest. Moderators of monensin response considered in the analysis were delivery method, dose, study duration, initial calf BW, diet ME and CP, and forage category. Initial BW and basal ADG averaged 236 ± 45.9 kg and 0.72 ± 0.28 kg/day, respectively. In the ADG analysis the only significant moderator of those considered was length of the study (P &lt; 0.01), as duration of the study increased the ADG response to monensin decreased by 0.0007 kg/day. For the average 112-day length of study, the average monensin response is estimated to be 0.0784 kg/day increase in average daily gain. Sufficient information was presented in only 18 citations representing 40 mean comparisons for determining the effect of monensin on BW at the end of the experiment, estimated by (P &lt; 0.01) monensin response (increased ending BW, kg) = 22.3 – 0.05 (initial calf BW, kg). Thus, for the average initial BW of 235 kg the average monensin response is estimated to be 10.6 kg increase in average ending BW. The incidence (-20%) and severity (-0.7 bloat scores) of bloat was found to be reduced in bloat prone pastures. There is ample evidence that monensin increases performance of growing calves on high forage diets along with reducing the incidence and severity of bloat.

Effects of housing beef cow-calf pairs on drylot or pasture in the Midwest on production parameters and calf behavior through feedlot receiving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E Myerscough ◽  
Lucas T Neira ◽  
Keifer H Sexton ◽  
Lucas S Hofer ◽  
Keela M Trennepohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The objectives were to analyze the effects of housing cow-calf pairs in drylots (DL) or pasture (PAST) on cow performance and reproduction as well as calf performance and behavior through feedlot receiving. Simmental × Angus (2 yr; 108/yr; 81 ± 15.3 d postpartum) spring-calving cows were stratified by age, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and calf sex and allotted to 6 groups/yr. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: DL or PAST. Cows in DL were limit-fed at maintenance and calves had ad libitum access to the cow diet in an adjacent pen. Pairs on PAST were rotationally grazed and calves received creep ad libitum three weeks prior to weaning. On d 110 calves were fence-line weaned and behavior was observed on d 111 and 112. On d 116 calves were transported 272 kilometers to a feedlot for a 42-d receiving period. Behavior was evaluated again on d 117 and 118. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS except reproductive data which was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure. Cows on DL had greater (P ≤ 0.01) BW and BCS at weaning. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.42) detected in reproductive data. Cows on DL had greater (P = 0.02) milk production. Calves on DL had greater BW (P ≤ 0.01) on d 55 and at weaning and greater preweaning average daily gain (ADG). There were treatment × time effects (P = 0.01) for lying and eating on d 111 and 112. More DL calves were eating in the morning and lying in the evening. More (P &lt; 0.01) PAST calves were walking on d 111. Pasture calves vocalized more (P ≤ 0.01) on d 112. On d 117, more (P ≤ 0.05) pasture calves were lying and eating, and DL vocalized more. On d 118, treatment × time and treatment effects were detected (P ≤ 0.02) for lying and walking. More PAST calves were lying and more DL calves were walking. Drylot calves had greater (P ≤ 0.02) BW at the beginning and end of the receiving phase. Pasture calves had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ADG and tended (P = 0.10) to have greater gain efficiency during feedlot receiving phase. In conclusion, housing cow-calf pairs in drylots improved BW, BCS, and milk production of cows but did not affect reproductive performance. Drylot calves had increased BW and ADG during the preweaning phase. Calf behavior at weaning and receiving was influenced by preweaning housing. Pasture calves had improved receiving phase ADG and feed efficiency but were still lighter than drylot calves after 42 d receiving phase.

scholarly journals Antagonism in the carbon footprint between beef and dairy production systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
MM Scholtz ◽  
J Du Toit ◽  
FWC Neser
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Cow Calf

Primary beef cattle farming in South Africa is largely extensive, whereas dairy farming is based on both total mixed ration and pasture production systems. Under natural rangeland conditions, decomposition of manure is aerobic, which produces carbon dioxide (CO2), part of which is absorbed by the regrowth of vegetation rather than released into the atmosphere, and water (H2O) as end products. Thus the cow releases methane (CH4) and the manure CO2. This is in contrast to intensive cow-calf systems in large parts of Europe and North America, where large quantities of manure are stockpiled and undergo anaerobic decomposition and produce CH4. Thus both the cow and the manure release CH4, which result in a higher carbon footprint than the extensive cow-calf systems. In dairy farming, increasing cow efficiency through intensive feeding (same kg milk output by fewer animals) can reduce farm CH4 production by up to 15%. In addition, when differences in productivity are accounted for, pasture systems require more resources (land, feed, water, etc.) per unit of milk produced and the carbon footprint is greater than that of intensive systems. This raises the question as to why the carbon footprint of intensive dairy cow production systems is less, but the carbon footprint of intensive beef cow-calf production systems is higher. The explanation lies in the differences in production levels. In the case of beef cows the weight of the intensive cows will be ± 30% higher than that of the extensive cows, and the weaning weight of their calves will also differ by ± 30%. In the case of dairy cows the weight of the intensive cows will be ± 20% higher, but their milk production will be ± 60% higher. The higher increase in production (milk) of intensive dairy cows, compared to the increase in production (calf weight) of intensive beef cows, explains the antagonism in the carbon footprint between different beef and dairy production systems. Unfortunately, carbon sequestration estimates have been neglected and thus the quantitative effects of these differences are not known.Keywords: Cow-calf production, methane, pasture production, production levels, total mixed ration

Clinical picture of active bovine viral diarrhoea infection in commercial bovine productive systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Susana Astiz ◽  
Laura Cogollos ◽  
Juan Manuel Loste ◽  
Gorka Aduriz ◽  
Javier Heras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Positive Animal

Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), one of the most important infectious diseases affecting bovine production systems, is thought to show a subclinical course in most cases, especially in regions that have suffered high BVD prevalence for a long time. However, few studies have assessed this rigorously under non-epidemic conditions. Here we assessed how often active BVD infection in a herd, defined as at least one antigen-positive animal, is associated with clinical signs. Surveying and sampling methods were used to detect BVD infection based on clinical picture. Analysis of 1203 samples of individual animals from 167 herds clinically suspected of BVD infection showed that 33.7% of dairy farms, 30.6% of beef cow-calf farms and 40% of feedlots contained at least one animal positive for BVD viral antigen. Prevalence of BVD infection was 7.7% at the animal level, much higher than the prevalence of 1–3% reported in the literature. This suggests that clinical picture can be useful for detecting active BVD infection, and that infections show a variable clinical course. On dairy farms, the presence of at least one antigen-positive animal was associated with a tendency towards lower fertility and higher rates of stillbirths and calf health problems (P < 0.1). On feedlots, such presence was associated with a tendency to a higher of calf health problems. In beef cow-calf systems, however, the presence of an antigen-positive animal was not associated with any particular sign. These results suggest a higher association of active BVD infections spreading in a herd and clinical pictures at the herd level, particularly in dairy herds.

Survey of Salmonella Serotypes Shed in Feces of Beef Cows and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1648-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. DARGATZ ◽  
P. J. FEDORKA-CRAY ◽  
S. R. LADELY ◽  
K. E. FERRIS
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
National Study ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Common Serotypes ◽  
Cow Calf

Salmonella prevalence on cow-calf operations was studied as a part of a national study of health and management of the U.S. beef cow-calf industry and was conducted as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System. Within this study, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. shed in feces was determined. A total of 5,049 fecal samples were collected from 187 beef cow-calf operations each visited on a single occasion. The number of fecal samples collected per operation was predetermined based on herd size. Salmonellae were recovered from 1 or more fecal samples collected on 11.2% (21 of 187) of the operations. Overall 78 salmonellae representing 22 serotypes were recovered from 1.4% (70 of 5,049) of samples. Multiple serotypes were recovered from eight samples from a single operation. The five most common serotypes were Salmonella Oranienburg (21.8% of isolates), and Salmonella Cerro (21.8%), followed by Salmonella Anatum (10.3%), Salmonella Bredeney (9.0%), and Salmonella Mbandaka (5.1%). The most common serogroups identified were C1 (33.3%), K (21.8%), B (16.7%), and E (15.4%). Even though the recovery rate of salmonellae from fecal samples was very low, 43.6% (34 of 78) and 38.5% (30 of 78) of the isolates were among the 10 most common serotypes from cattle with clinical signs of disease or isolated from humans, respectively. The majority of the isolates (50 of 78; 64.1%) were recovered from fecal samples from two operations. All isolates were screened for resistance to a panel of 17 antimicrobics, and 87.2% (68 of 78) were susceptible to all of the antimicrobics. The resistant isolates were most commonly resistant to streptomycin (n = 9) and/or sulfamethoxazole (n = 9). Nine isolates showed multiple (≥2 antimicrobics) resistance most commonly to streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole (n = 6).

scholarly journals Effect of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) on broiler performance: A meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Sandi Nayohan ◽  
Irwan Susanto ◽  
Dessy Permata ◽  
Raiza Tri Pangesti ◽  
Mardiah Rahmadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
P Value ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Broiler Performance

Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) is an insect species that potentially can be used as a protein source for broiler nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate different inclusion level of BSF on broiler performance and blood metabolites by integrating various data from related studies using meta-analysis. Total of 12 studies that comprised of 31 data points were integrated in the database. Parameters observed included Live Weight (LW), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Daily Feed Intake (DFI), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), blood metabolites, and carcass proportion. The database was statistically analyzed by using mixed model method. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the level of BSF was treated as fixed effects. The model statistics used were the p-values and the Akaike information criterion. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was < 0.05. The results revealed that BSF feeding had significant linearly reduction effect on LW, ADG, and FCR of broiler (P < 0.05) and significant linearly increase effect on DFI and carcass proportion. However, BSF did not significantly affect on blood metabolites of broilers. It can be concluded that BSF negatively affect the performance of broiler.

scholarly journals Management strategies to improve cow-calf productivity on meadow bromegrass pastures

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kopp ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
W. P. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
The Cost

A 4-yr experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fertilization, incorporation of a legume and use of the Rumensin®-controlled release capsules (CRC) on productivity of cow-calf pairs grazing meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.). Four pasture treatments (T), alfalfa-grass fertilized (AF), alfalfa-grass unfertilized (AU), grass-only fertilized (GF) and grass-only unfertilized (GU), each replicated twice were compared. The eight 3.7-ha pastures were split into five equally sized paddocks and rotationally stocked with first-calf cows in 1995 and 1998, and with mature cows in 1996 and 1997. Half of the cows on each pasture received a Rumensin® CRC 1 wk prior to the start of the pasture season. Cow DMI was not influenced by fertilization or incorporation of a legume. However, cows treated with monensin consumed less (2.3% BW) compared to the control cows (2.5% BW, P < 0.05). Incorporation of alfalfa and fertilization improved pasture quality and resulted in higher CP and lower NDF content in forage selected by the animals. Monensin improved (P < 0.05) cow average daily gain (ADG, kg d-1) when grazing unfertilized grass and alfalfa-grass pastures, but did not influence gains of cows on fertilized pastures. Fertilizer application, legume incorporation and monensin administration did not affect milk yield or milk composition. Despite differences in diet quality, calf ADG for AU, AF, and GF were similar. However, calf ADG was lower for GU pastures (P < 0.05), probably as a result of the high fibre and low protein content of this pasture treatment. Both incorporation of alfalfa and fertilization increased total calf gain (kg ha-1); the greatest improvement was associated with fertilization. There were, however, economic advantages to legume incorporation, as the cost of the additional gain for GF and AF pastures averaged $1.08 and $0.79 kg-1 ha-1, and no extra costs were incurred for AU. Key words: Beef cows, calves, milk yield, pasture productivity, alfalfa, meadow bromegrass

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