PSXI-28 Effect of pre-slaughter transport stress on carcass weight, rumen fermentation and bacterial community of growing goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 484-484
Author(s):  
Voris Bryant ◽  
Modoluwamu Idowu ◽  
Thomas H Terrill ◽  
Zaira M Estrada-Reyes ◽  
Govind Kannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Growing Goats

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of pre-slaughter transport stress on the rumen fermentation and bacterial community of growing meat goats. Fifty-four male Spanish growing meat goats (28.9 ± 4.5) were stratified by body weight and randomly assigned into three treatment groups (n = 18 per treatment; 1) No transport stress (CON), 2) Transport stress for 30 mins (LS), and 3) Transport stress for 3 h (HS). Blood samples were collected before and after transport to estimate plasma cortisol concentrations. At the end of the experiment, the goats were slaughtered to determine the carcass weight and to collect rumen ruminal content for pH, 16 sRNA gene sequencing, and volatile fatty acid profile. The Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size and the functional profiling software (PICRUst) were used to estimate the differentially abundant taxa and predicted the functional potential of the microbial community, respectively. Compared to CON, both LS and HS increased (P < 0.01) plasma cortisol concentrations (27.5 vs. 130.1 and 117.7 ng/ mL), no differences were observed in hot carcass weight and VFA profile (P > 0.05). Rumen pH was lower (P < 0.05) in HS compared to CON or LS (6.44 vs 6.75 or 6.77). Compared to CON, LS reduced the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG 014 (LDA = 4.20; P = 0.01), whereas no effect was observed for HS. Compared to CON, predicted microbial functions associated with the immune system, translation, and enzyme activities were downregulated by LS while that of energy metabolism was downregulated by HS. Compared to HS, the predicted microbial functions associated with immune and digestive systems were downregulated by LS. This study demonstrated that LS transport stress has a more pronounced effect than long-term exposure on the rumen bacterial community and predicted functional potential in growing meat goats.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community, and Meat Quality of Holstein-Friesians Bulls Slaughtered at Different Ages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Xinjun Qiu ◽  
Zhantao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Slaughter Age

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and meat quality of Holstein-Friesians bulls slaughtered at different ages. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesians bulls (17 months of age) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three energy levels (LE, ME and HE; metabolizable energy is 10.12, 10.90 and 11.68 MJ/kg, respectively) of diets, and three slaughter ages (20, 23 and 26 months). Results indicated that bulls fed with ME and HE diets had higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and dressing percentage at 23 or 26 months of age. The ME and HE diets also reduced bacterial diversity, altered relative abundances of bacteria and produced lower concentrations of acetate, but higher butyrate and valerate concentrations in rumen fluid. Increasing in dietary energy and slaughter age increased the intramuscular fat (IMF) and water holding capacity. In summary, Holstein-Friesians bulls fed with ME and HE diets, slaughtered at 23 and 26 months of age could be a good choice to produce beef with high IMF. Slaughter age may have less influence than dietary energy in altering fermentation by increasing amylolytic bacteria and decreasing cellulolytic bacteria, and thus, further affecting meat quality.

scholarly journals PSX-7 Effect of varying levels of hempseed meal supplementation on animal performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of growing meat goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 459-460
Author(s):  
Frank W Abrahamsen ◽  
Nar Gurung ◽  
Woubit Abdela ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Kim Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Hempseed meal (HSM) is a byproduct of hemp oil production and is high in crude protein, fiber, and fat, making it a potential feedstuff for ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HSM supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood chemistry profile of growing meat goats. Forty castrated, Boer cross goats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments (n = 10): control, 10%, 20%, and 30% HSM supplementation. Data collected over a period of a 60-day feeding trial were analyzed utilizing the mixed model analysis function of SYSTAT, version 13. The result revealed total live weight gain decreased with the increasing levels of HSM supplementation 10.75, 9.53, 8.48, and 7.80 kg, for 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. Average daily gain followed the same trend 0.179, 0.159, 0.141, and 0.13 kg, with a significant difference (P < 0.05) observed between the control and 30 % supplementation. Conversely, feed to gain ratio increased with the increasing levels of supplementation 9.0, 10.2, 11.9, 12.2, likewise a significant difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the control and 30% supplementation. Acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, iso-valeric, and iso-butyric acid concentrations as well as the total VFA concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing level of supplementation. Acetic to propionic acid ratios increased with increasing level of supplementation 3.43, 4.36, 4.52, and 4.59, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between control-20% and 30% HSM group. Serum glucose concentration decreased with an increasing rate of HSM supplementation while BUN concentration increased with no significant differences. These findings provide new insights into the feeding value of HSM for meat goats; however, further research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal level of supplementation.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of two different lameness models in meat goats, a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J Reppert ◽  
Michael D Kleinhenz ◽  
Abbie Viscardi ◽  
Shawnee R Montgomery ◽  
Alison R Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Abstract Lameness is a serious health concern for livestock species. Understanding individual animal response to pain and characterization of lameness are critical when developing appropriate treatments. The objectives of this pilot study was to evaluate two different lameness models and measures for determining response to induced lameness in meat goats. Lameness was induced by intraarticular injection into the left hind lateral claw distal interphalangeal joint with either amphotericin B (Amp-B) or kaolin-carrageenan (K-C). Response to lameness was characterized by behavior scoring, visual lameness scoring (VLS), infrared thermography (IRT) of the affected digit, pressure mat gait analysis (PMT), and plasma cortisol (CORT) analysis. Lame goats had higher VLS compared to controls (P = 0.003). Maximum temperatures measured in hooves from lame vs control goats were significantly higher (P = 0.003). Pressure mat analysis demonstrated, when compared to controls, lame goats had decreased force (P = 0.013), impulse (P = 0.007), contact pressure (P = 0.007), and contact area of the left hind limb (P = 0.009). Mean CORT levels 4 and 6 h after lameness induction were higher in lame goats (P = 0.005, P = 0.01). The two lameness methods reliably induced lameness of varying severity in healthy meat goats.

scholarly journals Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FH-1 significantly affects cucumber seedlings and the rhizosphere bacterial community but not soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Song Xu ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Dan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Ecological Roles ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacterial Community

AbstractPlant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) inoculants have been applied worldwide. However, the ecological roles of PGPB under different soil conditions are still not well understood. The present study aimed to explore the ecological roles of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FH-1 (FH) on cucumber seedlings, rhizosphere soil properties, and the bacterial community in pot experiments. The results showed that FH had significant effects on cucumber seedlings and the rhizosphere bacterial community but not on soil properties. The FH promoted cucumber seedlings growth, reduced the rhizosphere bacterial diversity, increased Proteobacteria, and decreased Acidobacteria. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) revealed that FH enriched two taxa (GKS2_174 and Nannocystaceae) and inhibited 18 taxa (mainly Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, BRC1, Chloroflexi, Plantctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia). Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that FH increased bacteria-bacteria interactions and that Bacillus (genus of FH) had few interactions with the enriched and inhibited taxa. This might indicate that FH does not directly affect the enriched and inhibited taxa. Correlation analysis results displayed that cucumber seedlings’ weight and height/length (except root length) were significantly correlated with the 18 inhibited taxa and the enriched taxa Nannocystaceae. It was speculated that FH might promote cucumber seedling growth by indirectly enriching Nannocystaceae and inhibiting some taxa from Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, BRC1, Chloroflexi, Plantctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia.

PSIX-5 Diet is more powerful than age in shaping the rumen bacterial community and function of dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 444-444
Author(s):  
YangYi Hao ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Shengli Li
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
And Function

Abstract The objective was to understand the effects of diet and age on the rumen bacterial community and function, 48 dairy cattle were selected. Rumen fluid samples were collected from each animal at 1.5 (1.5M, milk and starter diet, n=8), 6 (6M, starter and oat grass, n=8), 9 (9M, high fiber diet, n=8), 18 (18M, high fiber diet, n=8), 23 (23M, high fiber diet, n=8) and 27 (27M, high grain diet, n=8) months old. The acetate/propionate ratio (A/P) at M9, M18, and M23 were significantly higher than M27 and M1.5 (P < 0.05), while the A/P at M6 was lower than others (P < 0.05). The total volatile fatty acid at M23 and M27 was higher than others (P < 0.05). The urease at M18 was significantly lower than M1.5, M6, and M9 (P < 0.05), and the xylanase at M18 was significantly higher than M1.5, M23, and M27 (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing data and the Linear discriminant analysis showed that thirty-three bacteria were identified as biomarkers among ages and diets. The age and diet contributed 7.98% and 32.49% to the rumen bacteria community using the variation partitioning approach analysis. The norank_f_p-251-o5 was significantly and positively correlated with age (r = 0.83, P < 0.01), while Eubacterium was significantly and negatively correlated with age (r = -0.84, P < 0.01). Dietary fiber showed a strong correlation (r > 0.80, P < 0.01) with Lachnospiraceae, NK4A214_group, Saccharofermentans, Clostridia, Pseudobutyrivibrio Bacteroidales_UCG-001. These genera also negatively correlated with dietary crude protein and starch (r < - 0.80, P < 0.01). All these bacteria were significantly correlated with A/P, acetate, and urease (r > 0.5, P < 0.05). These findings collectively indicated that diet drives the great ability to shape the rumen bacteria community and function than age.

scholarly journals Effects of clove oil on the stress response of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) subjected to transport

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Antônio Kioshi Aoki Inoue ◽  
Luís Orlando B. Afonso ◽  
George K. Iwama ◽  
Gilberto Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Fish transport is one of the most stressful procedures in aquaculture facilities. The present work evaluated the stress response of matrinxã to transportation procedures, and the use of clove oil as an alternative to reduce the stress response to transport in matrinxã (Brycon cephalus). Clove oil solutions were tested in concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L during matrinxã transportation in plastic bags, supplied with water and oxygen as the usual field procedures in Brazil. Clove oil reduced some of the physiological stress responses (plasma cortisol, glucose and ions) that we measured. The high energetic cost to matrinxã cope with the transport stress was clear by the decrease of liver glycogen after transport. Our results suggest that clove oil (5 mg/l) can mitigate the stress response in matrinxã subjected to transport.

Bacterial community dynamics and functional profiling of soils from conventional and organic cropping systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 103734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malick Bill ◽  
Lizyben Chidamba ◽  
Jarishma K. Gokul ◽  
Nico Labuschagne ◽  
Lise Korsten
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Bacterial Community Dynamics ◽  
Functional Profiling

scholarly journals Linking Shifts in Bacterial Community Composition and Function with Changes in the Dissolved Organic Matter Pool in Ice-Covered Baiyangdian Lake, Northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Shilei Zhou ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Minghui Yu ◽  
Zhenpeng Shi ◽  
Hang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Baiyangdian Lake

The relationship between CDOM (Chromophoric dissolved organic matter) and the bacterial community was investigated in ice-covered Baiyangdian Lake. The results showed that environmental parameters significantly differed in Baiyangdian Lake, whereas a-diversity was not significantly different. Moreover, the microbial and functional communities exhibited significant differences, and T (Temperature), pH, ORP (Oxidation-reduction potential), DO (Dissolved oxygen), NO3−-N, NH4+-N, and Mn (Manganese) were the main environmental factors of these differences, based on redundancy analysis and the Mantel test. Biomarkers of the microbial and functional communities were investigated through linear discriminant analysis effect size and STAMP analysis. The number of biomarkers in the natural area was highest among the typical zones, and most top functions were related to carbohydrate metabolism. Two protein-like components (C1 and C2) and one humic-like component (C3) were identified by parallel factor analysis, and C1 was positively related to C2 (R = 0.99, p < 0.001), indicating the same sources. Moreover, CDOM significantly differed among the typical zones (p < 0.001). The high biological index, fluorescence index, β:α, and low humification index indicated a strong autochthonous component and aquatic bacterial origin, which was consistent with the results of UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Network analysis revealed non-random co-occurrence patterns. The bacterial and functional communities interacted closely with CDOM. The dominant genera were CL500-29_marine_group, Flavobacterium, Limnohabitans, and Candidatus_Aquirestis. Random forest analysis showed that C1, C2, and C3 are important predictors of α- and β-diversity in the water bacterial community and its functional composition. This study provides insight into the interaction between bacterial communities and DOM (Dissolved organic matter) in ice-covered Baiyangdian Lake.

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