Sustained heat stress elevated corneal and body surface temperatures and altered circulating leukocytes and metabolic indicators in wether lambs supplemented with ractopamine or zilpaterol

Abstract Understanding how β adrenergic agonists influence the physiology of heat stress could lead to mitigation options. We sought to investigate body surface temperatures in feedlot wethers supplemented with ractopamine or zilpaterol and exposed to heat stress for 18 d. Corneal and skin temperatures were assessed via infrared thermography at 1 and 2-m distances. Rectal temperatures and circulating leukocytes, metabolites, and electrolytes were also measured. Heat stress increased (P < 0.05) rectal temperatures in unsupplemented and zilpaterol-supplemented lambs but not in ractopamine-supplemented lambs. Heat stress also increased (P < 0.05) surface temperatures of the cornea, nose, ear, and back, regardless of supplement. Observations were comparable between thermography performed at 1 and 2 m, and higher emissivity settings generally produced less variation. Heat stress tended to increase (P = 0.08) blood monocytes in unsupplemented but not ractopamine or zilpaterol-supplemented lambs. Granulocytes were increased (P < 0.05) by heat stress in ractopamine-supplemented lambs but decreased (P < 0.05) in zilpaterol-supplemented lambs. Blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol did not differ among groups, and blood lactate was reduced (P < 0.05) by heat stress in zilpaterol-supplemented lambs only. Blood Na + was reduced (P < 0.05) and Ca 2+ increased (P < 0.05) by heat stress, regardless of supplement. These findings indicate that β1 and β2 adrenergic agonists differentially relieve some but not all heat stress-induced changes in stress indicators. Moreover, corneal and skin surface temperatures measured by infrared thermography reasonably identified body temperature changes at a distance of 2 m.

Download Full-text

A Pilot Study Into the Utility of Dynamic Infrared Thermography for Measuring Body Surface Temperature Changes During Treadmill Exercise in Horses

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.jevs.2017.12.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 44-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria Soroko ◽

Kevin Howell ◽

Krzysztof Dudek ◽

Izabela Wilk ◽

Monika Zastrzeżyńska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Body Surface ◽

Treadmill Exercise ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Body Surface Temperature

Download Full-text

Preoptic norepinephrine-induced hypothermia is mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.3.r407 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (3) ◽

pp. R407-R411 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

N. Quan ◽

L. Xin ◽

A. L. Ungar ◽

C. M. Blatteis

Keyword(s):

Thermal Effects ◽

Preoptic Area ◽

Adrenergic Agonists ◽

Metabolic Heat ◽

Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽

Per Se ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Skin Temperatures ◽

Alpha Antagonist

We have shown previously that norepinephrine (NE) microdialyzed into the preoptic area of conscious guinea pigs evokes a fall in core temperature (Tco) that is mediated by a reduction in metabolic rate. To identify the adrenoceptor subtype(s) involved in this effect, we microdialyzed intrapreoptically various adrenergic agonists or antagonists singly or in combinations. Tco and ear skin temperatures of the animals were monitored throughout the experiments. alpha 1-, beta-, beta 1-, and beta 2-agonists and antagonists did not induce significant Tco changes. Although the alpha 2-antagonists yohimbine (Yoh) and rauwolscine (Rau) did not have thermal effects per se, the alpha 2-agonist clonidine evoked dose-dependent Tco falls that were abolished by codialyzed Yoh and Rau. The microdialysis of NE evoked, as before, a 0.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C Tco fall; it was abolished by the codialyzed alpha-antagonist phentolamine, Yoh, and Rau but not by the beta-antagonist propranolol. No adrenoceptor agonist induced changes in ear skin temperature. These results indicate that the hypothermizing effect of intrapreoptically microdialyzed NE is achieved by a reduction in metabolic heat production, mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Download Full-text

Infrared thermography of swine body surface temperatures and associated rectal temperatures during an acute respiratory disease challenge

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports ◽

10.4148/2378-5977.6681 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

J A Loughmiller ◽

M F Spire ◽

B W Fenwick ◽

S Hogge ◽

J Foster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Body Surface ◽

Acute Respiratory Disease ◽

Surface Temperatures

Download Full-text

Comparison of IR thermography and thermocouple measurement of heat loss from rabbit pinna

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.2.r389 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 254 (2) ◽

pp. R389-R395 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. S. Mohler ◽

J. E. Heath

Keyword(s):

Heat Loss ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Preoptic Area ◽

Ir Thermography ◽

Thermocouple Measurement ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Surface Temperatures ◽

New Zealand White Rabbits ◽

Methods Of Measurement

The temperature of the pinnae of male New Zealand White rabbits was measured by use of infrared thermography. At ambient temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 degrees C, the average pinna temperatures were 23.0, 28.7, and 36.2 degrees C, respectively. From these temperatures, average heat loss from the total pinna surface area was calculated to be 2.8, 3.3, and 4.4 W, respectively. Preoptic temperature changes also affect the vasomotor state of the rabbit. At an ambient temperature of 20 degrees C, cooling the preoptic area of the rabbit by approximately 1 degree C resulted in an average pinna temperature of 26.5 degrees C and a heat loss of 2.4 W. Heating the preoptic area by approximately 1 degree C resulted in an average pinna temperature of 33.5 degrees C and a heat loss of 5.4 W. Finally, pinna temperatures were measured by use of a thermocouple and infrared thermography simultaneously. When the pinnae were vasodilated, the thermocouple measurements were consistently higher than the pinna surface temperatures measured thermographically. When the pinnae were vasoconstricted, the thermocouple measurements were consistently lower than the pinna surface temperatures measured thermographically. The discrepancy between the two methods of measurement is discussed.

Download Full-text

Respons Fisiologis Ayam KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) dan Ayam Walik dengan Haplotipe Gen HSP70 Berbeda yang Terpapar Cekaman Panas Akut

Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.18343/jipi.26.2.276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 276-283

Author(s):

Any Aryani ◽

Dedy Duryadi Solihin ◽

Cece Sumantri ◽

Rudi Afnan ◽

Tike Sartika

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Body Surface ◽

The Body ◽

Stress Hormone ◽

Acute Heat Stress ◽

Body Surface Temperature ◽

Head Neck

This study was conducted to determine the physiological response of acute heat stress in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) and Walik chickens with four different HSP70 gene haplotypes (H1', H1, H2, and H3). Acute heat stress is carried out at 35°C for one hour. The data was analyzed based on rectal temperature measurements, distribution of body surface temperature (head, neck, body, and leg area), hormone levels (corticosterone and triiodothyronine), and time of panting. Body surface temperature is detected using infrared thermography. The results showed that haplotype H1 Walik chicken is more susceptible to heat stress based on the rectal temperature. In contrast, H1' haplotype Walik chicken released more heat through the body surface in the leg area. Keywords: heat stress, hormone, KUB chicken, infrared thermography, walik chicken

Download Full-text

Infrared thermography cannot be used to approximate core body temperature in wild primates

10.1101/2020.09.10.289512 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard McFarland ◽

Louise Barrett ◽

Andrea Fuller ◽

Robyn S Hetem ◽

Warren Porter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Body Surface ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

The Body ◽

Vervet Monkeys ◽

Local Climate ◽

Chlorocebus Pygerythrus ◽

Surface Temperatures ◽

Core Body

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the physiological processes that underpin primate performance is key if we are to assess how a primate might respond when navigating new and changing environments. Given the connection between an animal’s ability to thermoregulate and the changing demands of its thermal environment, increasing attention is being devoted to the study of thermoregulatory processes as a means to assess primate performance. Infrared thermography can be used to record the body surface temperatures of free-ranging animals. However, some uncertainty remains as to how these measurements can be used to approximate core body temperature. Here, we use data collected from wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) to examine the relationship between infrared body surface, core body, and local climate, to determine to what extent surface temperatures reflect core body temperature. While we report a positive association between surface and core body temperature – a finding that has previously been used to justify the use of surface temperature measurements as a proxy for core temperature regulation – when we controlled for the effect of the local climate in our analyses, this relationship was no longer observed. That is, body surface temperatures were solely predicted by local climate, and not core body temperatures, suggesting that surface temperatures tell us more about the environment a primate is in, and less about the thermal status of its body core in that environment. Despite the advantages of a non-invasive means to detect and record animal temperatures, infrared thermography alone cannot be used to approximate core body temperature in wild primates.

Download Full-text

Heat intolerance as a function of percent of body surface involved with miliaria rubra

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1980.239.3.r233 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 239 (3) ◽

pp. R233-R240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. B. Pandolf ◽

T. B. Griffin ◽

E. H. Munro ◽

R. F. Goldman

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Body Surface ◽

Heat Storage ◽

Sweat Rate ◽

Skin Surface ◽

Specific Region ◽

The Body ◽

Heat Acclimatization ◽

Mean Body Temperature

Twenty-four heat-acclimatized male volunteers were wrapped as previously described (Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 8): R226-R232, 1980) but to produce miliaria rubra (heat rash) in specific regions of the body. Three experimental rash groups were involved: 1) the torso (17% total skin surface rashed, n = 6), 2) torso and arms (38%, n = 8), or 3) legs (41%, n = 6), while four subjects served as controls. All subjects were reexposed to walking in the heat on the 7th day after unwrapping, and again 14, 21, and 28 days after unwrapping. When compared to responses for the last heat acclimatization day, tolerance time and sweat rate were lower and mean body temperature and delta heat storage significantly higher for experimental rash subjects contrasted to the controls for up to 21 days; however, no significant differences between the three rashed groups were found. The critical amount of surface area for heat intolerance from heat rash appears to be related to the specific region of the body and associated sweating responses; smaller rashed areas of the trunk, because they have greater potential for abundant sweating, may produce similar responses to heat stress as larger rashed areas of the limbs. Heat intolerance due to rash was not resolved until after 21 days.

Download Full-text

Variations in the body surface temperature of sows during the post weaning period and its relation to subsequent reproductive performance

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 1138-1147

Author(s):

Ruey-Chee Weng

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Body Surface ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

The Body ◽

Infrared Thermometer ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Lactation Length ◽

Body Surface Temperature ◽

Skin Temperatures

Objective: A study was made investigate factors affecting body surface temperature changes after weaning in sows, whether these can be used to aid detection of natural estrus and how they relate to subsequent reproductive performance.Methods: A total of 132 sows were selected during summer from a breeding farm, with mean parity of 3.6±2.3 and 28.5±0.9 days lactation length. Four daily measurements (6:00, 8:00, 16:00, and 18:00) of vulva (VST), udder (UST), ear base and central back skin temperatures for individual sows were taken by an infrared thermometer, continuing up to 8 days post weaning.Results: The VST obtained from sows showing estrus at 4 days post-weaning (4DPW), 5DPW, and 6DPW showed a peak at the fourth day post-weaning, but then started to decrease. The VST of sows not detected in standing heat (NDPW) remained at a lower level during the experiment, but UST was increased soon after weaning. The VST-UST temperature differences during daytime of sows that were showing behavioural standing heat on 4DPW, 5DPW, 6DPW, and 7DPW were 0.46°C±0.123°C, 0.71°C±0.124°C, 0.66°C ±0.171°C, and 0.58°C±0.223°C, respectively. The NDPW sows had the highest UST observed, but also the lowest VST so that a more negative value of temperature difference (–0.31°C) was seen during first few days post-weaning. A total of 119 sows were observed to show standing heat and were bred. The later the estrus, the smaller the litter size (p = 0.005).Conclusion: Sows which did not show behavior indicative of stable standing heat after weaning had a VST which remained at a lower level, but the UST increased soon after weaning. Therefore, for sow heat detection under field conditions, the changes of VST and UST and difference between the two should be considered together to increase the accuracy of detection.

Download Full-text

Application of pyrometer and standard sample to determine surface temperature of studied materials

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2019-12-9-13 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

V.Ya. Mendeleyev ◽

V.A. Petrov ◽

A.V. Yashin ◽

A.I. Vangonen ◽

O.K. Taganov

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Relative Error ◽

Wavelength Range ◽

Standard Sample ◽

A Priori ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Surface Temperatures ◽

Relative Errors ◽

Normal Emissivity

Determining the surface temperature of materials with unknown emissivity is studied. A method for determining the surface temperature using a standard sample of average spectral normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 1,65–1,80 μm and an industrially produced Metis M322 pyrometer operating in the same wavelength range. The surface temperature of studied samples of the composite material and platinum was determined experimentally from the temperature of a standard sample located on the studied surfaces. The relative error in determining the surface temperature of the studied materials, introduced by the proposed method, was calculated taking into account the temperatures of the platinum and the composite material, determined from the temperature of the standard sample located on the studied surfaces, and from the temperature of the studied surfaces in the absence of the standard sample. The relative errors thus obtained did not exceed 1,7 % for the composite material and 0,5% for the platinum at surface temperatures of about 973 K. It was also found that: the inaccuracy of a priori data on the emissivity of the standard sample in the range (–0,01; 0,01) relative to the average emissivity increases the relative error in determining the temperature of the composite material by 0,68 %, and the installation of a standard sample on the studied materials leads to temperature changes on the periphery of the surface not exceeding 0,47 % for composite material and 0,05 % for platinum.

Download Full-text