scholarly journals Digestibility index marker type, but not inclusion level affects apparent digestibility of energy and nitrogen and marker recovery in growing pigs regardless of added oat bran1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 2817-2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Marker Type ◽  
Inclusion Level

scholarly journals Comparison of regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating ileal and total tract endogenous losses and digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Junyan Zhou ◽  
Tianzeng Gao ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level

Abstract An experiment was conducted to 1) compare the regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating total or basal endogenous losses of fat (ELF) and fatty acids (ELFA) and true digestibility (TD) or standardized digestibility (SD) of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs and 2) compare these estimated values at the end of the ileum and over the entire intestinal tract. Ten barrows (initial body weight: 45.1 ± 2.8 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum, and allotted to 1 of 5 experimental diets in a 3-period Youden Square design. A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch, soy protein isolate and sucrose. Four oil-added diets were formulated by adding 4 levels of soybean oil (2, 4, 6 and 8%) to the fat-free basal diet at the expense of cornstarch. All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide. Results indicated that here were no differences between true ileal digestibility (TID) of fat and true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of fat when pigs were fed soybean oil. The TID of C18:0 and total saturated fatty acids were greater than TTTD (P < 0.05). The total ELF at the end of the ileum was not different from that over the entire intestinal tract. In addition, total endogenous losses of C18:0 and total saturated fatty acids were greater for the entire intestinal tract than at the end of the ileum, whereas total endogenous losses of C18:2 and total unsaturated fatty acids were just the opposite. Similar results were observed for basal ELF and ELFA. As inclusion level of soybean oil increased, apparent digestibility of fat and fatty acids increased linearly (P < 0.05) except for apparent ileal digestibility of C18:0. However, SD of fat and fatty acids were not influenced by inclusion level of soybean oil. Estimation of ELF and ELFA observed by the regression and fat-free diet methods did not differ when measured at the end of the ileal or total tract. There were no differences between estimations of TD and SD of fat and fatty acids for soybean oil. Collectively, estimation of TD or SD of fat can be measured over the entire intestinal tract, whereas the ileal analysis method should be used to determine the ELF, ELFA and TD or SD of fatty acids. Correcting apparent digestibility for basal ELF and ELFA can accurately estimate SD values of fat and fatty acids.

Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 2. The digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum in pigs given six protein concentrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
Y Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Meat Meal

Six male Landrace x Large White pigs (25 kg liveweight) were fitted with T-shape cannulae in the terminal ileum. The pigs were fed 1.2 kg dry matter per day containing 4.5 g threonine/kg of diet from continuous belt feeders. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) to the terminal ileum was 0.91, 0.87, 0.85, 0.81, 0.80 and 0.75 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, meat meal, sunflower meal and cotton seed meal respectively. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen (N) to the terminal ileum was 0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.86, 0.81 and 0.74 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively. The true digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum was 0.96, 0.95, 0.90, 0.87, 0.80 and 0.66 for the diets containing milk, fish meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively.

The effects of wheat variety, dietary heat treatment and enzyme inclusion on digestibility parameters for growing pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 165-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Lewis ◽  
M.E.E. McCann ◽  
H. Schulze ◽  
J. McEvoy ◽  
K.J McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Thermal processing is carried out on commercial diets primarily to kill bacteria and reduce mould growth, although additional benefits have been shown such as an inactivation of trypsin inhibitors present in soyabean meal (McNaughton and Reece, 1980). However, heat treatment if too severe can produce negative effects, such as reduced apparent digestibility and increased viscosity of gut contents in broilers, an effect reversed by the addition of enzymes (McCracken et al, 1993). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of heat treatment during diet preparation on ileal and overall apparent digestibility of diets for growing pigs, made from two wheat varieties of different in vitro viscosity (8.8 vs 20.8 cps) with and without the addition of feed enzyme.

Forages in diets for growing pigs 2. Nutrient apparent digestibilities and partition of nutrient digestion in barley-based diets including red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Andersson ◽  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

AbstractGrowing pigs fitted with simple t-shaped cannulas posterior to the ileal-caecal valve were used in a change-over design experiment (5 × 5) to determine the Heal and total tract apparent digestibility and hindgut disappearance of dietary components and energy in a barley-based diet with increasing inclusion of either red-clover or perennial ryegrass meal (proportionately 0·10 and 0·20). The total tract and Heal apparent digestibilities of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) and energy were significantly reduced with increasing inclusion of red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal in the diet (P < 0·05). For all fibrous components (total fibre (TF), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and crude fibre (CF)), the ileal apparent digestibility was unaffected by level offibre inclusion in the diet. Also the total tract apparent digestibility of TF, NDF and CF were unaffected by red-clover meal inclusion, while in contrast the total tract apparent digestibility of TF, NDF and CF were significantly reduced with perennial ryegrass meal inclusion (P < 0·05). The hindgut disappearance of crude fat, NDF, ADF and CF was not affected by forage meal inclusion, whereas the hindgut disappearance of OM, NFE, TF and energy were significantly lower in the perennial ryegrass meal diets than in both the control diet and the red-clover meal diets (P < 0·05).The total tract apparent digestibility of OM was higher for the control diet compared with the red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal diets. There was also a significantly higher apparent digestibility of OM in the total tract for red-clover meal compared with perennial ryegrass meal (P < 0·05). The Heal apparent digestibility of energy in a barley-based diet with forage meal inclusion decreased proportionately by about 0·014, 0·023 and 0·030 units per unit increase ofTF, NDF and CF in dry matter, respectively. Correspondingly, for the total tract energy apparent digestibility, there was a decrease proportionately by about 0·010, 0·016 and 0·022 units per unit increase of TF, NDF and CF in dry matter, respectively. Digestible energy content was significantly reduced, as measured at the ileum or over the total tract, with increasing inclusion offorage meal (P < 0·05).

Growth and metabolism studies in growing pigs given diets containing a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Protein Rich

SUMMARYTwo growth and two metabolism experiments were made in which a low gluoosinate rapeseed meal (var. Tower; TRSM) was compared with soya-bean meal (SBM) as the sole protein-rich material in simple diets containing barley and a vitamin and mineral supplement only.In the first growth experiment 108 pigs were fed individually and restrictedly SBM and TRSM diets so that digestible energy (DE) and crude-protein intakes were similar. The DE used to promote a unit of growth or a unit of carcass weight was significantly less for the SBM, than for the TRSM, diet. In the second experiment 48 pigs were given, in groups of four, diets similar to those in Expt 1. There were no significant differences in growth rate or in serum thyroxine concentrations, but a significantly higher degree of thyroid hypertrophy was induced in pigs given the TRSM diet.The two metabolism experiments compared the same diets used in the first growth experiment. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, and retention of nitrogen relative to intake, were significantly greater for the SBM diet than for the two RSM diets. The addition of synthetic lysine to the TRSM diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility and retention of nitrogen. Pooled DE values (MJ/kg dry matter) calculated for SBM, TRSM and barley were 13·72 (S.E. 0·318), 13·97 (S.E. 0·211) and 14·01 (S.E. 0·080) respectively.

Moist barley for growing pigs: some effects of storage method and processing

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
H. Denerley ◽  
C. S. Stewart ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bacterial Development ◽  
Feeding Value

SUMMARYForty-eight pigs were used to compare the feeding value of barley which had been stored dry, and then hammer-milled, with that of barley stored moist, either anaerobically or treated with 1·3% propionic acid, and then rolled. The pigs were fed from 30 kg live weight for a period of 11 weeks and during this period all consumed the same allowance of dry matter. The growth rate and feed conversion ratio of the pigs given the rolled moist barley were significantly poorer than those of others given dry milled or acid treated rolled barley. There were no treatment differences in carcass attributes.Microbiological counts made throughout the experiment showed that there was no significant fungal or bacterial development on the acid treated barley. Similar numbers of bacteria were present on the dry barley as on the moist, but the fungal count for the moist grain was always at least 500 times higher than that of the corresponding dry sample. The dominant organisms were identified.In a further experiment the apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen of diets containing dry, moist or propionic acid treated barley, processed either by milling or rolling, were determined. The highest values were obtained for dry barley. Acid treated moist barley had lower values than moist barley. The method of processing did not affect the apparent digestibility of the dry matter, but that of the N was significantly lower for the rolled barleys.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

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