scholarly journals 108 Impacts of dam age and milk production on cow/calf profitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Travis Mulliniks ◽  
Joslyn Beard ◽  
Tasha King
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cow Calf

Abstract Cow herd profitability can be greatly influenced by reproductive success, average age of herd, and genetic potential within the environment. Productivity is influenced by cow age with calf weaning weight, increasing from 2 to 5 yr of age in dams. With that in mind, increasing average age of the cowherd has the potential to increase cow/calf profitability. Culling cows before 5 yr of age negatively impacts production efficiency due to decreased calf weaning weight in younger cows and subsequently, increase replacement rate and costs. Therefore, reproduction in young cattle is important to overall economic efficiency within the cow herd and a driving factor in longevity. Due to decreased reproduction and offspring performance, young females have previously been considered an economic liability. The effect of increased average cow age within the herd along with increased pregnancy rate of young cows has shown to increase production efficiency by decreasing replacement rates and adding greater production potential with increased calf weaning weights. In young beef cows, partitioning nutrients away from lactational demands allows for nutrients to be utilized for cow growth and reproduction. An increase in selection for milk production has resulted in beef cows undergoing greater nutritional stress during early lactation, which ultimately reduces cowherd reproduction and efficiency. Although a big emphasis is placed on output traits, economic value of reproduction is 5 times greater than growth or maternal output traits in beef cattle. In addition, the value of the added milk production may not fully be captured, due to extensive environments with limited nutrients. Even in environments with greater feed resources, selection for milk production may led to a decrease in reproduction, production efficiency, and cowherd retention rate.

Genetic parameters for milk production of Australian beef cows and weaning weight of their calves

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Meyer ◽  
M. J. Carrick ◽  
B.J.P. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Weaning Weight

scholarly journals High milk production decreases cow-calf productivity within a highly available feed resource environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Edwards ◽  
J. D. Hobbs ◽  
J. T. Mulliniks
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Cow Calf

Abstract The beef cattle industry tends to focus on selecting production traits with the purpose of maximizing cow-calf performance. One such trait is milking ability, which is considered the primary influence on weaning weight of the calf. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of actual milk yield on reproductive performance, circulating blood metabolites, and calf performance in beef cows in the Southeastern US. Over a 2 yr period, data were collected from 237, 3- to 9-yr-old Angus-sired beef cows on 3 research stations in Tennessee. On approximately d 58 and 129 postpartum, 24-hr milk production was measured with a modified weigh-suckle-weigh technique using a milking machine. Subsamples of milk were collected for analysis of milk components. Milk yield data were used to retrospectively classify cows on actual milk yield as High ( ≥ 10 kg/d), Mod (8 to 9 kg/d), or Low ( < 8 kg/d). Cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were collected weekly at each location through breeding. Calf BW was recorded at birth, mid-weight at d 58, and weaning. At d 58 and 129 of postpartum, milk yields were different (P < 0.001) among the treatment groups. Cow BW during the entire study were not different (P ≥ 0.22) with increasing milk yield. Timed-AI pregnancy rate were the lowest (P = 0.02) in the High milk producing cows with no difference (P > 0.05) between Low and Mod milk cows. In addition, overall pregnancy rate continued to be the lowest (P = 0.04) in High milk producing cows with the greatest pregnancy rate in Mod milk cows. Calf mid-weight at ∼d 58 was increased (P < 0.001) in calves from Mod and High milking cows. However, calf BW at weaning was not different (P = 0.22) among calves from different milk treatment groups. Results from this study suggest that even in management systems that modify the grazing environments with harvested feedstuffs, high milk production decreases reproductive efficiency. In addition, increasing milk production up to d 129 postpartum did not result in increased calf BW at weaning, indicating that the genetic potential for calf BW at weaning could not be improved with increased genetic potential for milk production.

Effect of Stocking Rate During Gestation on Subsequent Performance of Growing Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Doug R Tolleson ◽  
Monte M Rouquette ◽  
Kelli Norman ◽  
Charles R Long
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ribeye Area ◽  
Cow Calf

Abstract Beef cows in the southeastern United States are likely maintained on pasture during mid-gestation, a critical period for fetal development of traits important to performance of the growing/finishing calf. Climate projections are for increased warming with highly variable precipitation in this region. Forage quantity and quality are affected by temperature and precipitation. Thus, in order to obtain a better understanding of downstream effects from cow nutrition during gestation on subsequent performance of growing cattle, we analyzed 579 records of crossbred steers and heifers born (fall and winter) to cows grazing typical forages in Overton, Texas. Cows were involved in a long-term stocking rate study and were assigned to either high (H; 4 cow/calf ha-1) or low (L; 2 cow/calf ha-1) treatment groups. Cow body condition scores (BCS; 1–9) were collected at breeding and weaning. Calves produced were pastured from weaning to approximately 1 to 1.5 yr of age, then shipped to a commercial feedlot and subsequently slaughtered at a commercial facility. Calf data included birth weight, weaning weight (~240 d), yearling weight, on-feed weight, final pre-harvest weight, hot carcass weight (all weights in kg), dressing percentage, marbling score, yield grade, backfat thickness (cm), ribeye area (cm2), and kidney-pelvic-heart fat (%). Differences (P < 0.05) between treatment groups were determined by a general linear model in SAS with stocking rate as the main effect. Mean separation was accomplished using Tukey’s test. Cow BCS (H; 4.27 ± 0.06 vs L; 5.64 ± 0.07, P < 0.0001), final pre-harvest weight (H; 594.80 ± 6.18 kg vs L; 619.85 ± 6.12 kg, < 0.005), hot carcass weight (H; 366.60 ± 3.89 kg vs L; 383.17 ± 3.74, P < 0.003), and ribeye area (H; 90.52 ± 0.90 cm2 vs L; 93.74 ± 1.03 cm2, P < 0.03) were all lower in H than L. Calf weaning weight followed a similar trend (H; 289.24 ± 2.58 kg vs L; 296.56 ± 3.08 kg, P < 0.07). Diminished nutritional provision to the fetus during mid-gestation was apparently manifest as epigenetic effects on offspring performance.

PSXIII-16 Supplementing organic-complexed or inorganic Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn to beef cows during gestation: physiological and productive responses of cows and their offspring until weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
Kelsey Harvey ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Bruna Rett ◽  
Osvaldo Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract Pregnant, non-lactating beef cows (n = 190; 117 ± 2.2 d of gestation; d 0) were assigned to receive: 1) sulfate sources of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR; n = 95) or 2) an organic complexed source of Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC; Availa®4, Zinpro; n = 95). From d 0 to calving, cows were maintained in a single pasture and individually offered treatments three times weekly. Cow BW and BCS were recorded on d -30, d 97, upon calving, and at weaning and liver biopsies performed in 30 cows/treatment. Milk production was estimated at 42 ± 0.5 d postpartum via weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW). Liver and longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies were performed in 30 calves/treatment upon calving and 24 h later, at WSW, and at weaning. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.49) for cow BCS, despite AAC cows having greater (P = 0.04) BW on d 97. Liver Co (P < 0.01) concentrations were greater for AAC compared to INR cows, and liver concentrations of Cu were greater (P = 0.02) for INR compared to AAC cows on d 97. Upon calving, INR cows had greater (P ≤ 0.01) liver Cu and Zn concentrations compared to AAC cows. Cows receiving AAC had greater (P = 0.04) hepatic mRNA expression of metallothionein 1A at calving, and their calves had greater (P = 0.04) hepatic mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase at weaning. Milk production did not differ between AAC and INR cows (P = 0.70). No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.29) for mRNA expression of LM genes in calves at birth and weaning. Calf birth and weaning BW were similar (P ≥ 0.19) between treatments. Hence, supplementing AAC or INR to beef cows during the last 5 mo of gestation yielded similar cow-calf productive responses until weaning.

Relationship of milk production, milk expected progeny difference, and calf weaning weight in angus and simmental cow-calf pairs

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3304-3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Marston ◽  
D. D. Simms ◽  
R. R. Schalles ◽  
K. O. Zoellner ◽  
L. C. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Body size in beef cows and its influence on calf production

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3299-3310
Author(s):  
Carina Crizel da Vara ◽  
◽  
Magali Floriano da Silveira ◽  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
João Restle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
The Difference

Cattle farming becomes more intensive when the productive efficiency of the cows is increased, and nutrition is adjusted to the animal biotype. Eighty purebred Charolais and Nellore cows and their crosses between 3 and 7 years of age, were grouped for body weight at calving into Light (332.6 kg), Moderate (385.3 kg) and Heavy (444.6 kg). Cows and their calves were weighed at calving, at 63 days (early weaning) and at 210 days. The estimated milk production of the cows was evaluated by manual milking at 21, 42 and 63 days postpartum. The difference in the weight of the cows at calving was maintained during lactation and at 210 days postpartum. The body size of the cow did not influence milk production. Heavier cows produce heavier calves up to 365 days of age compared to lighter cows. The reproductive performance of the cows is not affected by their weight. The production of kilograms of calf for every 100 kilograms of cow at calving and weaning is higher in Light cows. The production of kilograms of calf adjusted for the pregnancy rate of the cows is higher in Heavy cows. Production efficiency in kilograms of calf per area is lower in Heavy cows.

Milk Production Efficiency as Dependent on the Scale of Production and Cow Management Systems on Dairy Farms

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Wroński ◽  
Marek Cichocki ◽  
Katarzyna Borkowska ◽  
Jan Redmer
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Management Systems

scholarly journals Development of Immunohistochemical Methods for Casein Detection in Meat Products

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kalčáková ◽  
Matej Pospiech ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlová ◽  
Zdeňka Javůrková ◽  
Irina Chernukha
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Ingredients ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods

To increase production efficiency of meat products, milk protein additives are often used. Despite a number of advantages, use of dairy ingredients involves a certain risk, namely the allergenic potential of milk proteins. A number of methods have been developed to detect milk-origin raw materials in foodstuffs, including immunological reference methods. This study presents newly developed immunohistochemical (IHC) methods for casein detection in meat products. Casein was successfully detected directly in meat products where sensitivity was determined at 1.21 and specificity at 0.28. The results obtained from the IHC were compared with the Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and there was no statistically significant difference between the IHC and ELISA methods (p > 0.05). The correspondence between the methods was 72% in total. The highest correspondence was reached in frankfurters (90%), the lowest in canned pâté (44%).

scholarly journals Influence of Residual Feed Intake and Cow Age on Dry Matter Intake Post-Weaning and Peak Lactation of Black Angus Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1822
Author(s):  
Cory T. Parsons ◽  
Julia M. Dafoe ◽  
Samuel A. Wyffels ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
Darrin L. Boss
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Two Stages

We evaluated heifer post-weaning residual feed intake (RFI) classification and cow age on dry matter intake (DMI) at two stages of production. Fifty-nine non-lactating, pregnant, (Study 1) and fifty-four lactating, non-pregnant (Study 2) commercial black Angus beef cows were grouped by age and RFI. Free-choice, hay pellets were fed in a GrowSafe feeding system. In Study 1, cow DMI (kg/d) and intake rate (g/min) displayed a cow age effect (p < 0.01) with an increase in DMI and intake rate with increasing cow age. In Study 2, cow DMI (kg/d) and intake rate (g/min) displayed a cow age effect (p < 0.02) with an increase in DMI and intake rate with increasing cow age. Milk production displayed a cow age × RFI interaction (p < 0.01) where both 5–6-year-old and 8–9-year-old low RFI cows produced more milk than high RFI cows. For both studies, intake and intake behavior were not influenced by RFI (p ≥ 0.16) or cow age × RFI interaction (p ≥ 0.21). In summary, heifer’s post-weaning RFI had minimal effects on beef cattle DMI or intake behavior, however, some differences were observed in milk production.

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