scholarly journals PSXIV-6 Late-Breaking: Evaluation of the heat tolerance in Girolando cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Filipe A Mendonca ◽  
Rodrigo Taveira ◽  
Victor Dos Anjos ◽  
Izabelle Da Silva ◽  
Felipe Ponte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract The breeds that present better adaptations to the climate of the region where they are raised may present greater productive advantages in relation to those that are less adapted. Considering the tropical regions, it is important to check whether the breeds used have heat tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heat tolerance of 15 Girolando cows, which was conducted by three evaluations in the months of October, November and December respectively. All evaluations were carried out on sunny days without clouds and little wind. This test consisted of gathering the cows for being compared to each other in a shaded pasture for two hours, from 11 am to 1:00 pm, gauging the physiological parameters at 1:00 pm. Afterwards, the cows were exposed to the open and sunny environment, allowing the total incidence of solar radiation, for one hour (from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m.), then returning to the shaded corral, being immediately gauging the physiological parameters, and remaining for more one hour, from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. assessing again the parameters at 3:00 p.m. The temperature and humidity index found in the evaluations performed at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. hours were 76.6, 77.6 and 78.5, respectively. The mean body surface temperature obtained at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. were 38.16 ° C, 38.90 ° C and 38.22 ° C, respectively. The average values of the sweating rate found were 845.55, 1,088.29 and 955.85 g. m-². h-1 for the measurements performed at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m., respectively. The mean values of the rectal temperature obtained at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. were 38.39 ° C, 38.70 ° C and 38.45 ° C, respectively. The evaluated cows showed heat tolerance, suggesting that dairy cattle production systems in the tropics can use Girolando cows.

scholarly journals Physiological parameters of male goats raised under tropical climate conditions (Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e768997698
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Oliveira Dias ◽  
Cristina Mattos Veloso ◽  
Madriano Christilis da Rocha Santos ◽  
Carlos Thiago Silveira Alvim Mendes de Oliveira ◽  
Camila Oliveira Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Hormonal Levels

This study evaluated the adaptive capacity and variations in physiological parameters of four male goats originate from a temperate region (Alpine breed) in a tropical climate over twelve months. The ambient temperature, relative humidity, and temperature via a black globe thermometer were evaluated to calculate the black globe temperature and humidity index; they were collected five times during the day, three times during the week, and during the four annual seasons. Every fortnight throughout the experimental period, respiratory and heart rates as well as rectal and surface temperatures of the animals were measured in the morning, and blood samples were acquired for hormonal levels (cortisol, T3, and T4) and complete blood count. There was a difference between the mean values of surface temperature, respiratory rate, hormones, and some hematological parameters (total protein and monocytes) between the seasons (P<0.05). However, no differences were observed in cases of heat stress, based on the fact that physiological parameters were within normal and expected limits for goats. Thus, it is concluded that the male goats of the Alpine breed, when reared intensively, maintain homeothermia and are greatly adaptable to the conditions of the tropical climate.

The Response to feed Additives in Beef Production Systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
L. Scott ◽  
M. Kay ◽  
E. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Least Squares Techniques

Feed additives are widely used in beef production systems. Two series of trials were carried out during a 2 year period on several farms in the N.E. of Scotland to determine the effects of the feed additives, Salinomycin, Flavomycin, Romensin and Avotan on the growth rate of beef cattle. In the first trial which was carried out on 27 farms, there were 1650 steers and heifers which were on an ad-libitum diet of grass silage and a rolled barley supplement. The additives were pre-mixed with 1 kg ground barley and fed once daily to the groups of cattle as part of their concentrate allowance. The additives compared were Salinomycin 150, Flavomycin 40, Romensin 200 and Avotan 150 mg/head/day. All cattle were weighed at 0, 42, 84 and 126 days. The responses in terms of daily gain and the persistency of those responses were measured for the various feed additives. In the second trial which was carried out on 13 farms, there were 470 bulls which were in cereal-beef units. The additives used were premixed and fed in a similar manner to that in trial 1. The same additives were compared at similar dose rates to the other trials. All cattle were weighed at 28-42 day intervals and daily gains were recorded. On one farm, feed intake was recorded for each group of bulls given the different feed additives. The data from each farm was analysed using the analysis of variance technique. The mean gains on each farm were subjected to further analysis using least squares techniques to provide overall mean values with appropriate standard errors.

24 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOAR SPERM TRAITS AND FERTILITY RATE FOLLOWING ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION UNDER SMALLHOLDER PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
M. B. Matabane ◽  
P. Nethenzheni ◽  
R. Thomas ◽  
D. Norris ◽  
K. Nephawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Sperm Traits ◽  
Motility Rate

The prediction of sperm fertility has a great economic importance to the pig breeding industry. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between boar sperm quality and fertility following artificial insemination (AI) under smallholder production systems. A total of 18 ejaculates were collected from 3 breeding boars using a hand-gloved technique. Aliquots of diluted semen were assessed for sperm motility using a computer aided sperm analysis before AI. Sperm viability was evaluated using Synthetic Binding CD-14 (SYBR-14+)/propidium iodide (PI–), whereas sperm morphology was evaluated using Eosin Nigrosin staining. Fluorescent microscope was used at 100× magnification to count 200 sperm per slide. The semen was extended with Beltsville Thawing Solution and contained 3 × 109 sperm/dose. A total of 73 multiparous sows were inseminated twice. Fertility was measured by conception rate, farrowing rate, litter size and number of piglets born alive following AI. Sperm quality and fertility data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine the relationship between sperm quality and fertility traits. The mean values for total sperm motility ranged from 93.5 to 96.8%. Progressive and rapid sperm motility differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the boars. However, no significant differences were found for sperm velocity traits. The mean values for morphologically normal sperm ranged from 47.8 to 60.9% and live sperm ranged from 71.8 to 77.2%, but did not differ significantly among the boars (P > 0.05). Conception rate from different boars varied (P < 0.05) from 63.6 to 93.3%. Of all fertility traits studied, conception rate was significantly related to total sperm motility rate (r = 0.34, P < 0.0029), progressive motility (r = 0.29, P < 0.0141) and rapid motility (r = 0.34, P < 0.0032), although relatively low. There was a low positive relationship between morphologically normal sperm and fertility traits (P > 0.05). In conclusion, total, progressive, and rapid sperm motility rate were the only sperm traits significantly related to conception rate. Conversely, litter size and number born alive were not correlated with sperm motility, viability, or morphology traits.

Impact of Fogging System on Thermal Comfort of Lactating Sows

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1933-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Godyn ◽  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Sabina Angrecka
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple fogging system on the microclimate of a farrowing room and the sows’ welfare, which was analyzed through physiological indicators such as respiration rate, and rectal and skin surface temperature. Of 42 lactating sows, 21 were housed in a section (section I) of the farrowing room with a high-pressure fogging system, while the other group (n = 21) were housed without any cooling treatment (section II). Significant differences were found between mean values of microclimatic parameters. The air temperature in section I with active cooling was 2.1°C (p = 0.01) lower than in section II; however, the cooling induced a significant (p = 0.01) increase (18.6%) in air relative humidity. The mean temperature-humidity index (THI) was 0.8 lower (p = 0.05) in the cooled section. The fogging system had a significant impact on the reduction of respiration rate. Rectal and skin surface temperatures were at similar levels in both groups of sows. Based on this study, future research is needed to continue the development of this system as well as new technologies that would be applicable for the climate conditions of central and eastern Europe. Keywords: Animal welfare, Animal housing, Cooling.

scholarly journals Effect of slow release urea in sheep feed on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Joilma Toniolo Honório de Carvalho ◽  
Gregory Duarte Juffo ◽  
Ana Paula da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Slow Release Urea

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% slow release urea (SRU) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients and ruminal parameters of sheep living in tropical regions. Four sheep with a body weight (BW) average of 30.8 ± 1.7 kg were assigned to a Latin square design. The animals were placed in metabolic cages and received two meals a day. Intake data and DC of nutrients of the sheep were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using a regression equation to 5% probability. The inclusion of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% SRU in sheep feed did not change (p &gt; 0.05) the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral or acid detergent fiber (NDF, ADF), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g (kg0.75)-1, and % BW. The mean values of 3.04%, 2.82%, 0.41%, 0.07%, 1.36%, 0.87%, 2.31%, and 1.00% of BW were obtained for the intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, ANF, ADF, TC, and NFC, respectively. The inclusion of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% of SRU in sheep rations had a quadratic manner (p &lt; 0.05) the DC of DM and CP, with maximum values of 69.67% and 63.59%, respectively, for 0.51% and 0.66% levels of SRU inclusion in the experimental diets. The pH of the rumen fluid did not vary (p &gt; 0.05) for different levels of inclusion of SRU in the feed. However, the pH of the rumen fluid did differ (p &lt; 0.05) in relation to time (T) after feeding for all experimental diets. The inclusion levels of SRU in sheep feed did not affect (p &gt; 0.05) the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of the rumen fluid, but there was a quadratic effect (p &lt; 0.05) with relation to T for all experimental diets. Thus, we conclude that the inclusion of 0.66% SRU provides the best digestibility value of CP and is the appropriate value for the digestion of DM. The inclusion of up to 1.2% of SRU in sheep rations did not change the intake of nutrients and ruminal parameters.

scholarly journals The Effects of Repeated Thermal Stress on the Physiological Parameters of Young Physically Active Men Who Regularly Use the Sauna: A Multifactorial Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11503
Author(s):  
Robert Podstawski ◽  
Krzysztof Borysławski ◽  
Andrzej Pomianowski ◽  
Wioletta Krystkiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Boraczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of thermal stress (TS) on changes in blood biochemical parameters and fluid electrolyte levels in young adult men with moderate and high levels of physical activity. Thirty men (22.67 ± 2.02 years) were exposed to four 12-min sauna sessions (temperature: 90–91 °C; relative humidity: 14–16%) with four 6-min cool-down breaks. The evaluated variables were anthropometric, physiological, and hematological characteristics. The mean values of HRavg (102.5 bpm) were within the easy effort range, whereas HRpeak (143.3 bpm) values were within the very difficult effort range. A significant increase was noted in pO2 (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.008), HDL (p < 0.006) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.007). Significant decreases were observed in the SBP (by 9.7 mmHg), DBP (by 6.9 mmHg) (p < 0.001), pH (p < 0.001), aHCO3- (p < 0.005), sHCO3- (p < 0.003), BE (ecf) (p < 0.022), BE (B), ctCO2 (for both p < 0.005), glucose (p < 0.001), and LA (p < 0.036). High 72-min TS did not induce significant changes in the physiological parameters of young and physically active men who regularly use the sauna, excluding significant loss of body mass. We can assume that relatively long sauna sessions do not disturb homeostasis and are safe for the health of properly prepared males.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physiological Parameters in Response to Endurance Exercise of Zanskar Ponies Adapted to High Altitude of Ladakh Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Saket Kumar Niranjan ◽  
Ranjit S. Kataria ◽  
Monika Sodhi ◽  
Vijay K. Bharti ◽  
Bhuvnesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
In Trans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endurance Stress

Zanskar pony, a native horse breed of Ladakh mainly used for transportation in Trans-Himalayan region of India, is well adapted to high altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment. Due to extreme conditions of the Ladakh region, better endurance of these ponies under hypoxic and extreme cold conditions is of utmost concern for their recruitment in Indian Army. In the present study, 12 young trained Zanskar ponies were evaluated during endurance exercise at an altitude of 3292 meter above mean sea level. The animals were subjected to carriage transport with 65-70Kg load or riding on a track of 5-6 Km. Physiological parameters <em>viz</em>., pulse rate (PR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>) were recorded in Zanskar ponies during pre-exercise (T<sub>0</sub>), post- exercise (T<sub>1</sub>) and post recovery (T<sub>2, </sub>2 hours post resting) stages. Results showed marked increase in PR, HR, RR and RT post exercise time points. The mean values of PR increased from 49.83±4.62 to 73.67±21.54 per minute, HR from 48±13.60 to 75±15.82 beats/min, RR from 37.83±9.70 to 57.67±13.48 per min and RT from 99.62±0.34 101.04±0.53 °F from pre stress to post endurance stress. The mean SaO<sub>2 </sub>level reduced significantly (88.58±6.75 at T<sub>0</sub> versus 64.00±18.70 at T<sub>1</sub> and 54.42±14.79 at T<sub>2</sub>) post exercise. This indicated limited availability of arterial oxygen for tissues which could be vital factor for adverse change in some of physio-biochemical parameters. Though the trend of physiological response was similar for all the 12 animals, still variation at individual animal level was observed during endurance stress. In future, some of these physiological parameters along with biochemical and molecular parameters could be evaluated as potential biomarkers in selecting ponies with superior endurance trait specifically under hypoxic conditions.

scholarly journals Environmental comfort in constructions for Sindi and Guzera calves in the agreste region of the State of Paraiba, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermeval A. Furtado ◽  
Adriana P. Peixoto ◽  
José W. B. do Nascimento ◽  
Jonh E. F. Regis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Bioclimatic Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of air, bioclimatic indexes of facilities and physiological indices of Guzera and Sindhi calves, reared in climatic conditions of Agreste. The study was conducted at the experimental station of Alagoinha, PB, Brazil, using 16 calves of Sindi and Guzerá races. The average concentration of oxygen (20.85%), ammonia (1.99 ppm), carbon monoxide (<0.01 ppm), methane (0.13 ppm) and hydrogen sulfide (<0.01) within facilities, were within the limits established by the Brazilian and international standards, for both animals and workers. The bioclimatic index of temperature and humidity and the temperature of the black globe and humidity index were within the thermal comfort zone for cattle in most of the experimental period, the mean values of respiratory frequency (26.0 min mov-1) and skin temperature (32.3 °C) were higher in the hottest time of the day (1 pm) and rectal temperature (39.3 ºC) in the late afternoon (5 pm), but remained within normal ranges for the studied races. The races have good adaptability to climatic conditions in the region of the Paraibano Agreste, Brazil.

scholarly journals Tropical Beef: Is There an Axiomatic Basis to Define the Concept?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Maria Salud Rubio Lozano ◽  
Tania M. Ngapo ◽  
Nelson Huerta-Leidenz
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Tropics

Cattle production in tropical regions has been estimated to account for just over half of cattle worldwide, yet it has not been demonstrated that sufficient similarities in the cattle exist to describe tropical cattle and, even less so, to characterize the meat from these animals. The aim of this review is to investigate the quality and nutrient composition of meat from cattle raised in the Tropics to determine if there is an axiomatic basis that would allow the definition of a concept of “tropical beef”. Tropical beef is the meat obtained from cattle raised in tropical environments, the population of which remains largely uncharacterized. Production systems in the Tropics are highly diverse but converge on the use of indigenous and Bos indicus breeds or Bos indicus-influenced crossbreeds under pasture feeding regimes. While some systems allow cattle to be slaughtered at ≤2 years of age, most often animals are ≥3 years. These production systems generally produce lean, low-yielding carcasses and tough (>46 N), lean (≤3.6% intramuscular fat) meat with a macronutrient composition otherwise similar to beef from animals raised elsewhere (72–74% moisture and 20–24% protein). Fatty acid profiles depend on the breed and production systems, while mineral content is influenced by the environment. Although lean and tough, tropical beef is highly acceptable to the consumers it serves, is culturally and traditionally relevant and, in many countries, contributes to food security. Consolidating the findings from animal and meat science studies in the Tropics has allowed the demonstration of an axiomatic basis defining “tropical beef” as a concept.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

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