Impact of Fogging System on Thermal Comfort of Lactating Sows

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1933-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Godyn ◽  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Sabina Angrecka
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple fogging system on the microclimate of a farrowing room and the sows’ welfare, which was analyzed through physiological indicators such as respiration rate, and rectal and skin surface temperature. Of 42 lactating sows, 21 were housed in a section (section I) of the farrowing room with a high-pressure fogging system, while the other group (n = 21) were housed without any cooling treatment (section II). Significant differences were found between mean values of microclimatic parameters. The air temperature in section I with active cooling was 2.1°C (p = 0.01) lower than in section II; however, the cooling induced a significant (p = 0.01) increase (18.6%) in air relative humidity. The mean temperature-humidity index (THI) was 0.8 lower (p = 0.05) in the cooled section. The fogging system had a significant impact on the reduction of respiration rate. Rectal and skin surface temperatures were at similar levels in both groups of sows. Based on this study, future research is needed to continue the development of this system as well as new technologies that would be applicable for the climate conditions of central and eastern Europe. Keywords: Animal welfare, Animal housing, Cooling.

scholarly journals Physiological parameters of male goats raised under tropical climate conditions (Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e768997698
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Oliveira Dias ◽  
Cristina Mattos Veloso ◽  
Madriano Christilis da Rocha Santos ◽  
Carlos Thiago Silveira Alvim Mendes de Oliveira ◽  
Camila Oliveira Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Hormonal Levels

This study evaluated the adaptive capacity and variations in physiological parameters of four male goats originate from a temperate region (Alpine breed) in a tropical climate over twelve months. The ambient temperature, relative humidity, and temperature via a black globe thermometer were evaluated to calculate the black globe temperature and humidity index; they were collected five times during the day, three times during the week, and during the four annual seasons. Every fortnight throughout the experimental period, respiratory and heart rates as well as rectal and surface temperatures of the animals were measured in the morning, and blood samples were acquired for hormonal levels (cortisol, T3, and T4) and complete blood count. There was a difference between the mean values of surface temperature, respiratory rate, hormones, and some hematological parameters (total protein and monocytes) between the seasons (P<0.05). However, no differences were observed in cases of heat stress, based on the fact that physiological parameters were within normal and expected limits for goats. Thus, it is concluded that the male goats of the Alpine breed, when reared intensively, maintain homeothermia and are greatly adaptable to the conditions of the tropical climate.

Application of Fuzzy Numbers to Assessment Processes

2018 ◽  
pp. 3215-3225
Author(s):  
Michael Voskoglou
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fuzzy Assessment ◽  
Classical Arithmetic

A Fuzzy Number (FN) is a special kind of FS on the set R of real numbers. The four classical arithmetic operations can be defined on FNs, which play an important role in fuzzy mathematics analogous to the role played by the ordinary numbers in crisp mathematics (Kaufmann & Gupta, 1991). The simplest form of FNs is the Triangular FNs (TFNs), while the Trapezoidal FNs (TpFNs) are straightforward generalizations of the TFNs. In the present work a combination of the COG defuzzification technique and of the TFNs (or TpFNs) is used as an assessment tool. Examples of assessing student problem-solving abilities and basket-ball player skills are also presented illustrating in practice the results obtained. This new fuzzy assessment method is validated by comparing its outcomes in the above examples with the corresponding outcomes of two commonly used assessment methods of the traditional logic, the calculation of the mean values and of the Grade Point Average (GPA) index. Finally, the perspectives of future research on the subject are discussed.

The effects of temperature elevation and water deprivation on lamb physiology, welfare, and meat quality

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim E. Lowe ◽  
Neville G. Gregory ◽  
Andrew D. Fisher ◽  
Steven R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Highly Correlated

Romney-cross ewe lambs (n = 27) were subjected to controlled environmental conditions to induce acute heat stress. The goals of the study were to: (1) determine appropriate physiological indicators of acute heat stress, (2) determine threshold rectal temperatures (Tr) for catecholamine and cortisol release, (3) determine effects on meat quality, and (4) assess the effect of dehydration on the above measures. There were 3 treatments: control (ambient temperature and humidity), heat stress (33°C, and 85-100% humidity), and heat stress combined with water deprivation. The duration of the treatment period was 12 h. Respiration rate (Rf) and rectal temperature (Tr) were highly correlated with increasing temperature humidity index (THI) (r > 0.75, P < 0.001), whereas heart rate was less responsive to THI (r = 0.30, P < 0.05). The welfare of these lambs was at risk at Tr greater than 40.5°C, a point at which respiration rate was maximal and unable to prevent further increases in Tr. Plasma cortisol concentrations were increased in heat-stressed lambs after Tr reached approximately 40.7°C. Plasma catecholamines were only elevated in lambs when Tr was greater than 42°C. The majority of lambs subjected to heat stress had a Tr less than 42°C, and there were no significant effects on meat quality. Despite exhibiting increases in plasma protein concentrations, there were no indications that dehydrated lambs were under additional stress during heat challenge in comparison with hydrated lambs.

scholarly journals PSXIV-6 Late-Breaking: Evaluation of the heat tolerance in Girolando cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Filipe A Mendonca ◽  
Rodrigo Taveira ◽  
Victor Dos Anjos ◽  
Izabelle Da Silva ◽  
Felipe Ponte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract The breeds that present better adaptations to the climate of the region where they are raised may present greater productive advantages in relation to those that are less adapted. Considering the tropical regions, it is important to check whether the breeds used have heat tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heat tolerance of 15 Girolando cows, which was conducted by three evaluations in the months of October, November and December respectively. All evaluations were carried out on sunny days without clouds and little wind. This test consisted of gathering the cows for being compared to each other in a shaded pasture for two hours, from 11 am to 1:00 pm, gauging the physiological parameters at 1:00 pm. Afterwards, the cows were exposed to the open and sunny environment, allowing the total incidence of solar radiation, for one hour (from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m.), then returning to the shaded corral, being immediately gauging the physiological parameters, and remaining for more one hour, from 2:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. assessing again the parameters at 3:00 p.m. The temperature and humidity index found in the evaluations performed at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. hours were 76.6, 77.6 and 78.5, respectively. The mean body surface temperature obtained at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. were 38.16 ° C, 38.90 ° C and 38.22 ° C, respectively. The average values of the sweating rate found were 845.55, 1,088.29 and 955.85 g. m-². h-1 for the measurements performed at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m., respectively. The mean values of the rectal temperature obtained at 1:00, 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. were 38.39 ° C, 38.70 ° C and 38.45 ° C, respectively. The evaluated cows showed heat tolerance, suggesting that dairy cattle production systems in the tropics can use Girolando cows.

scholarly journals Can Bottom Sediments Be a Prospective Fertilizing Material? A Chemical Composition Analysis for Potential Reuse in Agriculture

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7685
Author(s):  
Karolina Matej-Łukowicz ◽  
Ewa Wojciechowska ◽  
Joanna Strycharz ◽  
Marta Szubska ◽  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Every year, huge amounts of bottom sediments are extracted worldwide, which need to be disposed. The recycling of bottom sediments for soil fertilization is in line with the long-promoted circular economy policy and enables the use of micro and macronutrients accumulated in sediments for soil fertilization. When considering potential agricultural reuse of the dredge sediments, the first necessary step should be to analyze whether the heavy metal content meets the obligatory criteria. Then, the contents of valuable elements required for plant growth and their ratios should be assessed. In this study, the content of nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, and potassium was tested and iron, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium were also analyzed along vertical profiles of sediments extracted from four urban retention tanks in Gdańsk (Poland). The sediments were indicated to have a low content of nutrients (Ntot 0.01–0.52%, Corg 0.1–8.4%, P2O5 0.00–0.65%, K 0.0–1.0%), while being quite rich in Fe and S (0.2–3.3%, 0.0–2.5%, respectively). The C/N ratio changed in the range of 17.4–28.4, which proved good nitrogen availability for plants. The mean values of the Fe/P ratio were above 2.0, which confirms that phosphorus in the sediments would be available to the plants in the form of iron phosphate. To summarize, the bottom sediments from municipal retention reservoirs are not a perfect material for soil fertilization, but they are a free waste material which, when enriched with little cost, can be a good fertilizer. Future research should focus on cultivation experiments with the use of sediments enriched with N, P, Corg.

scholarly journals Predicting Stand Volume by Number of Trees Automatically Detected in UAV Images: An Alternative Method for Forest Inventory

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Lorena Stolle ◽  
Ana Paula Dalla Corte ◽  
Carlos Roberto Sanquetta ◽  
Alexandre Behling ◽  
Ângela Maria Klein Hentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bootstrap Resampling ◽  
Ratio Estimator ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Individual Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relative Errors

In this study, we estimate the forest stock volume by multiplying the number of trees detected remotely by the estimated mean individual volume of the population (individual approach). A comparison was made with the conventional inventory method (area approach), which included 100 simulations of a simple random sampling process and a Bootstrap resampling. The study area included three stands: stand 1, 16-year-old pine; stand 2, 7-year-old pine; and stand 3, 5-year-old eucalyptus. A census was carried out in each stand for the variables diameter and total height. Individual volume was estimated by a ratio estimator, and the sum of all volumes was considered as the total parametric volume. The area approach presented parametric values within the confidence interval for 91%, 94%, and 98% of the simulations for the three stands, respectively. The mean relative errors for the area approach were −3.5% for stand 1, 0.3% for stand 2, and −0.9% for stand 3. The errors in stands 1 and 3 were associated with the spatial distribution of the volume. The individual approach proved to be efficient for all stands, and their respective parametric values were within the confidence interval. The relative errors were 1% for stand 1, −0.7% for stand 2, and 1.8% for stand 3. For stand 1 and 3, this approach yielded better results than the mean values obtained by the area approach simulations (Bootstrap resampling). Future research should evaluate other remote sources of data and other forest conditions.

scholarly journals A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (09) ◽  
pp. 1203-1207
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afzal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Chaudhry ◽  
Faris Mohammed Nour Altaf
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
The City

Background: Morphological characteristics of various races and populationgroups usually appear in geographical knots and clusters. Standardized cephalometricrecordsare immensely valuable for clinical and forensic purposes.In spite of its clinical significance nodata is available about the cephalic indices and prevalence of cephalic phenotypes in SouthernPunjab. Objectives: This study was undertaken to record baseline cephalometric data, cephalicindices and craniotypes. Study design: A cross-sectional population study. Place and durationof study: The study was carried out at the Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan and tookabout fourteen months to complete. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 672adult individuals (430 males and 242 females) from in and around the city of Multan in SouthernPunjab. Linear measurements of the head including maximum cranial length (glabella-inionlength), maximum cranial breadth (maximum bi-parietal diameter) and maximum auricularhead height were recorded using a digital spreading caliper. Results of measurements wereexpressed as mean ± SD. Comparison of the mean values and various proportions betweensexes was performed. The horizontal, vertical and transverse cranial indices were calculatedusing these measurements. Craniotyping was based on the ranges in various cephalic indices.Results: Differences regarding the mean of cranial length, cranial breadth and height weresignificantly larger in males as compared to females (P<0.001). The mean vertical, horizontaland transverse cephalic indices in the males and females were 79.13 ± 5.56, 78.31 ± 5.19,103 ± 7.78 and 78.32 ± 6.40, 78.32 ± 4.67, 100 ± 8.67 respectively.Most of the samplesdepicted craniotypes as mesocephalic and dolichocephalic both in the males and the females.Conclusion: The study provides baseline cephalometric data from a population of SouthernPunjab that may have its potential in clinical application and future research.

scholarly journals Environmental comfort in constructions for Sindi and Guzera calves in the agreste region of the State of Paraiba, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermeval A. Furtado ◽  
Adriana P. Peixoto ◽  
José W. B. do Nascimento ◽  
Jonh E. F. Regis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Bioclimatic Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of air, bioclimatic indexes of facilities and physiological indices of Guzera and Sindhi calves, reared in climatic conditions of Agreste. The study was conducted at the experimental station of Alagoinha, PB, Brazil, using 16 calves of Sindi and Guzerá races. The average concentration of oxygen (20.85%), ammonia (1.99 ppm), carbon monoxide (<0.01 ppm), methane (0.13 ppm) and hydrogen sulfide (<0.01) within facilities, were within the limits established by the Brazilian and international standards, for both animals and workers. The bioclimatic index of temperature and humidity and the temperature of the black globe and humidity index were within the thermal comfort zone for cattle in most of the experimental period, the mean values of respiratory frequency (26.0 min mov-1) and skin temperature (32.3 °C) were higher in the hottest time of the day (1 pm) and rectal temperature (39.3 ºC) in the late afternoon (5 pm), but remained within normal ranges for the studied races. The races have good adaptability to climatic conditions in the region of the Paraibano Agreste, Brazil.

scholarly journals Customer evaluation of loyalty programs in selected companies of the South Bohemian region

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 01007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsolmon Jambal ◽  
Jaroslav Stuchlý
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
The South ◽  
Loyalty Program ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Customer Evaluation ◽  
The Mean

Satisfied and constantly returning customers is a tremendous benefit for the business. There is also a well-thought loyalty program to help customers return. The aim of the article is to present preferences within the framework of possible tools used in loyalty programs and their comparison with what is actually offered to customers in the South Bohemian region. The attention is focused on younger and middle age customers, which is more open to new technologies and trends. The article is based on partial research outputs focusing on customer loyalty preferences. The data were obtained through a questionnaire survey (e-questionnaire) in 2018. The obtained data are evaluated using basic descriptive statistics. Also, there is the independent two-sample t-test used to average the mean values of two groups of data in terms of their determination of significant differences.

scholarly journals Relationship of the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) with Ovarian Responses and Embryo Production in Superovulated Thai-Holstein Crossbreds under Tropical Climate Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Ruthaiporn Ratchamak ◽  
Thanaporn Ratsiri ◽  
Rujira Chumchai ◽  
Wuttigrai Boonkum ◽  
Vibuntita Chankitisakul
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Heat stress strongly negatively affects reproductive traits in dairy cattle. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of heat stress in superstimulated Thai-Holstein crossbreds under tropical climate conditions. Data included 75 records from 12 superovulated Thai-Holstein crossbreds between 2018 and 2020. Cows were superstimulated with conventional treatment. The mean temperature-humidity index (THI) was evaluated for three data collection periods: during the 9, 21 and 42-day periods before the insemination day to determine the period in which THI mostly affected superstimulation responses. The THI levels/thresholds were determined and interpreted together with the superovulatory response. A significantly negative correlation was obtained for the THI during the period 9 days before insemination. Negative effects on the number of large follicles and corpora lutea began at a THI of 72 and were apparently severe after a THI of 77, similar to the ovulation rate, fertilized ova and transferable embryos (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, more degenerated embryos were found with THI values (p < 0.05). The superovulatory response in Thai-Holstein crossbreds under tropical climate conditions is highly affected by heat stress starting at a THI of 72 and becomes more severe at a THI higher than 77.

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