scholarly journals PSXII-30 The combination of essential oils and exogenous amylases reduces fecal starch of feedlot finishing cattle fed different roughage sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 429-429
Author(s):  
Laura B Toseti ◽  
Rodrigo Goulard ◽  
Vinícius Gouvêa ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Eighty-eight feedlot finishing Nellore bulls (358 ± 38.5 kg BW) were used in a randomized block design (initial BW) with a 2×2 factorial arrangement to test the effects of two feed additives (MON - Sodium Monensin, 26 mg/kg DM vs. Crina®RumistarTM - combination of blend of essential oils - 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase - 560 mg/ kg DM; DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) and two roughage sources (CS - corn silage vs. SB - sugarcane bagasse) on fecal starch. Animals were adapted to the high grain diets, starting with 20% of physically effective NDF of each roughage source, and gradually decreased to 10% after 20-d. Final diets contained 19.5% CS or 12% SB, corn grain (70.7 and 78.2% for CS and SB diets, respectively), 5.5% soybean meal, 4% mineral and vitamin mixture and 0.3% urea, on DM basis. Feed intake was daily recorded individually during 104 days using individual pens or Calan-gate system. To determine fecal starch concentration, feces from each animal were sampled on days 0, 58 and 85-d of the feeding period. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS considering roughage source, feed additives and interaction as fixed and block as random effects. No interaction between feed additives and roughage sources was observed. Animals fed CS had 20% higher DMI (P < 0.0001) than those fed SB, but roughage sources not affected (P = 0.15) fecal starch concentration. Diets containing different additives did not affect DMI (P = 0.17); however, animals fed Crina®RumistarTM had 21% lower fecal starch concentration (15.9 vs. 21.1 %DM; P = 0.01) than animals fed MON, respectively. Therefore, supplementation with Crina®RumistarTM is an effective substitute of monensin in finishing cattle fed high concentration diets regardless of roughage source, improving the use of starch by the animals and reducing its excretion, reflecting on a lower environmental impact.

299 Combination of Essential Oils, α-amylase and 25-hydroxy-vitamin-d3 Increases Carcass Production by feedlot Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
Maria B Niehues ◽  
Hugo L Correa ◽  
Victor Valério de Carvalho ◽  
Alexandre Perdigão ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of associating feed additives on feedlot performance of Nellore bulls. One hundred and sixtieth Nellore bulls (iBW, 380± 5.8 kg; age, 18 mo) were allocated in 20 pens (n = 8/pen), in a completely randomized block design, according to the treatments: 1) MON+VM - Sodium Monensin (MON, 25 mg/kg DM, Elanco Animal Health, Indianapolis, IN), + Virginiamycin (VM, 30 mg/kg DM, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Guarulhos, São Paulo), and 2) CRD - Crina® RumistarTM + HyD® - a blend of essential oils, 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase, 560 mg/kg DM + 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 at 1 mg/animal/d (DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland). The initial BW was utilized as a criterion for block formation. Pens were considered experimental units (10 pens per treatment). Animals were adapted to the diets during 14 days with gradually increasing concentrate level from 70% to 86% of diet DM, and fed for 90 days. Weight assessments were performed at day 0 and 90 after 14h fasting. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and means were separated using the PDIFF statement, adopting P < 0.05. Feeding CRD increased the DMI (12.13 kg vs. 10.52 kg, P < 0.01), ADG (1.86 vs. 1.63 kg/d, P < 0.01) and final BW (542 vs. 521 kg, P < 0.01) compared to animals fed MON+VM. In addition, feeding CRD increased final HCW in 15 kg (311 vs. 296 kg; P < 0.01), carcass ADG in 0,16 kg/d (1.31 vs. 1.15 kg/d; P < 0.01) and dressing percentage in 0.48 percent points (57.34 vs. 56.86%; P < 0.01) compared to MON+VM. The G:F (0.155, P = 0.53) and biological efficiency (137.9 kg DM/15 kg carcass, P = 0.87) were similar among treatments. Therefore, the inclusion of Crina® RumistarTM +HyD® can be used as a tool to increase carcass gain of feedlot finishing cattle.

scholarly journals 226 Impact of corn silage level on finishing cattle nutrient digestion, ph characteristics, and feeding behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
Hannah C Wilson ◽  
Melissa L Jolly-Breithaupt ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
James C MacDonald ◽  
Galen E Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract When used as a roughage source in a finishing diet, corn silage can have different effects on digestion compared to hay because of the presence of additional corn grain. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of corn silage inclusion level on cattle digestion and feeding behavior. In a digestion study, 3 ruminally cannulated steers (430 kg ± 0.20 kg) were utilized in a generalized randomized block design with 8 periods. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of corn silage included at 0, 7.5 and 15% of the diet DM and a control treatment with 15% alfalfa. Results showed DMD, OMD, NDF digestibility, and ADF digestibility were greatest for cattle fed CS0 followed by CS7.5, CS15, and Alf (P < 0.01). Average ruminal pH was least for CS0, CS7.5 was intermediate, followed by Alf and CS15 with the greatest pH (P < 0.01). Total VFA production was greatest in cattle fed CS0 followed by CS7.5 and Alf with CS15 having the least. Acetate to propionate ratio was least for cattle fed CS0, intermediate for CS7.5 and CS15 and greatest for Alf. Cattle ate the same number of meals which were similar in size as a % of total DMI (P ≥ 0.60). However, cattle fed Alf and CS0 spent more time eating compared to cattle fed CS7.5 and CS15 (P = 10). The rate of intake (kg/hr) was greatest for CS15 (9.55) and decrease linearly for CS7.5 (9.44), Alf (8.12) and least for CS0 (7.68; P = 0.04). These data suggest that cattle, typically at high risk for reduced performance, are susceptible to negative effects of high grain diets, like acidosis, when fed no or low inclusion of roughage. Feeding silage at 15% was similar to feeding alfalfa at 7.5%.

scholarly journals 99 Effects of replacing monensin and tylosin in finishing cattle diets with essential oil and/or benzoic acid on meat color and oxidative stability of ribeye steaks and ground beef

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Lydia M Wang ◽  
Shiqi Huang ◽  
Sebastian Chalupa-Krebzdak ◽  
Sandra M Vasquez Mejia ◽  
Benjamin M Bohrer
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Instrumental Color ◽  
Beef Products

Abstract This study examined the effects of replacing monensin and tylosin with essential oils and/or benzoic acid in finishing cattle diets on beef color stability and lipid oxidation during a simulated retail display period. The longissimus thoracis (LT) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were obtained from 63 steers that were fed for 98 days on 1 of 5 finishing diets: no additional supplement (CON), monensin/tylosin (M/T), essential oils (EO), benzoic acid (BA), or a combination of essential oils and benzoic acid (COMBO). Instrumental color measured with a Minolta colorimeter and visual discoloration evaluated by two trained panelists were recorded daily for three beef products placed under simulated retail conditions, until a 60% surface discoloration was observed. The three beef products evaluated were LT steaks, and two types of ground beef patties manufactured with the SM muscles (lean – no additional fat and regular – 25% added fat). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used before and after the shelf life display to determine the degree of lipid oxidation for products during the display. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS using repeated measures. Results indicated a treatment by day interaction (P < 0.0001) for visual discoloration and instrumental color of all three products. At the end of the display period, products from the COMBO diet had on average the least amount of visual discoloration and the greatest a* (redness) value, while the CON steaks and M/T ground beef had the most discoloration and the lowest a* values. TBARS values at d 0 and d 7 did not differ (P > 0.23) among treatments for all three products. Overall, supplemental ingredients in feed did not affect the color and degree of lipid oxidation of steaks and ground beef to a level deemed detrimental.

scholarly journals INOCULATION OF DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN TOPDRESSING IN IRRIGATED CORN

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANESSA ZIRONDI LONGHINI ◽  
WÉSLEY CARLOS ROSSINI DE SOUZA ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
NATALIA DE ÁVILA SOARES ◽  
NÍDIA RAQUEL COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Corn Grain

ABSTRACT: Corn is a nitrogen-intensive crop, and the use of management practices such as inoculation of the seed with diazotrophic bacteria, which can maximize crop productivity and reduce the need of nitrogen fertilizers, may result in lower production costs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of corn seed with Azospirillum brasilense and controlled addition of nitrogen to topdressing on the nutrition, production components, and productivity of crop grain. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four replications in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of inoculation or not of corn seed with A. brasilense (at 100 mL per 25 kg of seed) and five nitrogen (N) levels in topdressing (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1 from urea [45% N]) were applied when the corn was in the phenological growth stage V6. Foliar macronutrients, foliar chlorophyll index (FCI), production components, and yield of corn grain were valuated. Inoculation of corn seeds with A. brasilense increased plant height and grain yield. Fertilization in topdressing, with N levels up to 120 kg ha-1, linearly increased the foliar nutrients and productivity of corn cultivated in the spring/summer in the low-altitude Cerrado region of Brazil.

scholarly journals Does the nitrogen application associated with Azospirillum brasilense inoculation influence corn nutrition and yield?

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton M. de Souza ◽  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Paulo R. T. da Silva ◽  
Arthur C. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Corn Grain

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect between inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen application, thus enabling a higher efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, as evaluated by nutritional value, components production, and grain yield of irrigated corn. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, Brazil, under a no-till system, on an Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replications, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement: four patterns of nitrogen application [application of 30 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 150 kg ha-1 as cover (30 + 150); 30 kg ha-1 of N at sowing, split into two applications of 75 kg ha-1 as cover (30 + 75 + 75); 180 kg ha-1 of N at sowing (180); and 150 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 30 kg ha-1 as cover (150 + 30)]; with and without inoculation of the seeds with A. brasilense. The application of 30 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and a single application of 150 kg ha-1 or two applications of 75 kg ha-1 in topdressing, inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense provided better nutrition and development, with a positive reflection on irrigated corn grain yield in the Brazilian Cerrado.

scholarly journals Exogenous Sucrose Supply Regulates the Non-Structural Carbohydrate, Endogenous Hormone and Mineral Element Levels before the Flower Blooming and Fruit Abscission Stages in the Biodiesel Tree Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Shilun Gao ◽  
Liming Jia ◽  
Shiqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Sucrose Supply

Abstract Background: Nutrient deficiency leads to a high fruit abscission rate in Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (Soapberry), which is one of the most widely cultivated biodiesel feedstock forests in China. Exogenous sucrose can provide a solution to nutrient deficiency and fruit abscission, which was applied to whole trees at two stages, 20 days before blooming (DBB stage) and fruit abscission (DBFA stage). Six sucrose concentrations, 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%, were sprayed three times at a completely randomized block design with 5 replications and 6 treatments. 13CO2 labelling experiments were carried out after the 3 sprayings. Results: (1) In the DBB stage, the 3% treatment significantly increased the inflorescence fructose and glucose contents 1-1.2 times, also resulted in the highest fruit GA3, leaf IAA, fruit IAA and fruit ZT contents, while it decreased the inflorescence ABA from 16 μg/g to 4 μg/g. (2) The 1.5% and 3% treatments significantly increased the carbohydrate content and decreased fruit ABA content to 30%-50% of the control level in the DBFA stage. (3) High-concentration sugar treatment (over 3%) increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, which decreased the calcium and magnesium contents. (4) The 13C-dispatching ability of the inflorescence was 3 times greater than leaves under high-concentration sugar treatment in the DBB stage. Supplying 1.5% sucrose nearly doubled the allocation capacity in the DBFA stage. (5) The source-sink nutrient migration pathway showed that leaf and fruit sugars were directly correlated via phosphorus. Fruit fructose and glucose contents affected the leaf mineral element contents. Conclusions: It can conclude that exogenous application of 3% sucrose in the DBB stage and 1.5% sucrose in the DBFA stage can increase the sink nutrition allocation capacity, and phosphorus is the main mineral element correlated with leaf and fruit sugars.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Pati Buah Lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrizha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Johan Budiman ◽  
Rodiana Nopianti ◽  
Shanti Dwita Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Biodegradation Test

This research studied the characteristics of bioplastic from large-leafed mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrizha) starch. This research was arranged used Randomized Block Design (RBD) model, with different starch concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) as treatment. The parameters observed were mechanical properties (tensile strength and percent elongation), thickness, water uptake and biodegradation test. The result showed that the starch concentration was not significant, (P>0.05) affected tensile strength and water resistance. Different between treatments was observed as for elongation, thickness and biodegradation test significant (P<0.05). The results obtained from the bioplastic research of large-leafed mangrove starch for tensile strength ranged from 24.59 MPa – 32.91 MPa, percent elongation 2.93% – 4.88%, thickness 0.05 mm – 0,11 mm, water resistance 108.06% – 111.09% and biodegradation test with percent weight loss 17.91% – 54.40% with the highest degradation rate 18.13 – 3.62 mg /15 days burial. The best treatment was obtained by using 1,5% starch, 4 g chitosan and 15% glycerol or equal to starch : chitosan 1.5 g : 4 g and 0.9 mL glycerol.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Penghasil Minyak Atsiri untuk Pengendalian Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Penyebab Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Pisang

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Riska ◽  
Jumjunidang ◽  
Catur Hermanto
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Number ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium  oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman pisang. Teknik pengendalian yang efektif dan berwawasan lingkungan perlu terus diupayakan, di antaranya melalui penggunaan pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian daun beberapa tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri terhadap jumlah propagul awal Foc dalam tanah dan pengendalian penyakit layu Fusarium pisang pada skala rumah kasa. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok mulai bulan Februari sampai dengan Juni 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ialah acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan, masing-masing ulangan terdiri atas lima tanaman. Perlakuan tersebut adalah empat jenis daun tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri yaitu : (A) daun nilam, (B) serai, (C) daun kayu manis, (D) daun cengkeh, dan (E) tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Tanaman uji adalah bibit pisang Ambon Hijau hasil perbanyakan kultur jaringan umur 2  bulan setelah aklimatisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian daun tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri mampu menekan jumlah propagul awal Foc di dalam media tanam. Persentase penurunan propagul Foc awal dalam media yang berumur 5 minggu setelah pemberian tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri berkisar antara 50,1-70,6%. Semua perlakuan, kecuali daun nilam, juga mampu memperlambat munculnya gejala atau masa inkubasi penyakit. Masa inkubasi penyakit paling lama terjadi pada perlakuan pemberian daun cengkeh, diikuti dengan perlakuan pemberian daun kayu manis dan daun serai dengan perpanjangan masa inkubasi masing-masing sampai 22 dan 15 hari dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian daun tumbuhan mengandung minyak atsiri belum berakibat pada penurunan persentase dan intensitas serangan penyakit, sehingga perlakuan pemberian tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri perlu dikombinasikan dengan metode pengendalian lain agar lebih efektif dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium.<br /><br /><br /><br />Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most important disease on banana. Effective and environmental friendly techniques in controlling the disease need to be effort continually, among of them are with application of biopesticide to suppres Foc. The objectives of the research were to know the effect of some plant producing essential oils on initial number of propagule of Foc in soil and disease development of Fusarium wilt of banana. The research was conducted at Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute Solok from February to June 2009. A randomized block design with five treatments and four replications was used, whereas each treatment consisted of five plants. Four types of plant producing essential oils as treatments, namely (A) crude of patchouly leaves, (B) crude of lemon grass, (C) crude of cassia leaves, (D) crude of clove leaves, and (E) water as control treatment were used. Ambon Hijau cultivar derived from tissue culture propagation of 2 months after acclimatization was used as experiemental material. The result showed that application of leaves of plant producing essential oils decreased initial number of Foc propagules in the banana cultivation media. Percentage of reducing the number of initial propagule of Foc in medium after infestation of plant producing essential oils ranged between 50.1-70.6%. All application of plant producing essential oils, except crude of patchouly leaves, was effective to reduce the incidence of wilting or incubation period of the disease.  The longest disease incubation period was determined on treatment with clove leaves, followed by cassia and lemon grass leaf with extending incubation period up to 22 and 15 days respectively compared to control. Application of the plant producing essential oils was not successfully applied in suppressing the percentage of wilt and disease intensity on banana under screenhouse condition. Therefore combination treatments with other techniques in conjunction to improve the effectivity of the plants in controlling Fusarium wilt disease are suggested.

scholarly journals 53 Young Scholar Presentation: Diet starch concentration and starch fermentability affect energy intake and production of dairy cows during the postpartum period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Rodrigo I Albornoz ◽  
Michael Allen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effects of starch concentration and starch fermentability of diets fed during the early postpartum (PP) period on DM and energy intake and production. Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatment diets were formulated to 22% (LS) or 28% (HS) starch with dry-ground corn (DGC) or high-moisture corn (HMC) as starch source. Treatments were fed from 1 to 23 d PP, and cows were switched to a common diet until 72 d PP to measure carryover (CO) effects. Throughout the experiment, DMI and MY were measured daily, and milk components and BW were measured weekly. During the TP, feeds, refusals, and fecal samples were collected and digestibility was determined weekly. During the TP, HMC decreased intakes of DM and net energy of lactation (NEL) more when included in the HS (3.9 kg/d and 3.2 Mcal/d) than in the LS (0.9 kg/d and 0.6 Mcal/d) diets and HMC decreased yields of milk, fat, protein, 3.5% FCM and milk NEL by 4.3, 0.19, 0.18, 4.8 kg/d and 2.8 Mcal/d, respectively. Energy balance was improved by HS compared with LS (-14.7 vs. -16.8 Mcal/d). During the CO period, treatment effects on DMI diminished over time with no main effects of treatment for the entire period. Treatments interacted to affect yields of milk, milk fat and FCM during the CO period, which were greater for HS-DGC and LS-HMC (54.8 and 52.8, 1.76 and 1.81, and 51.3 and 52.2 kg/d, respectively) than for LS-DGC and HS-HMC (51.2 and 51.0, 1.68 and 1.64, and 48.4 and 48.6 kg/d, respectively). Feeding a highly fermentable starch source during the early PP period decreased DM and energy intake and production, with treatment effects diminishing during the CO period.

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