PSX-27 Effects of narasin supplementation frequency on lamb ruminal fermentation

Abstract This study evaluated the frequency of narasin supplementation on ruminal fermentation in lambs. Four male lambs (castrated and cannulated in the rumen) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design. The experimental diets consisted of 95% coastcross hay (16% CP) and 5% ground corn (DM basis), used as the delivery vehicle for the narasin. The diet was fed daily. The treatments were: C (no additives), N24: narasin offered every 24 hours at 13 ppm; N48: narasin offered every 48 hours, being 26 ppm offered on the first day and ground corn without narasin on the second day; N72: narasin offered every 72 hours, being 39 ppm offered on the first day and ground corn without narasin on the second and third days. The trial lasted 4 periods of 36 days each. Between the 31st to 36th days of each period, the rumen fluid was collected (hours 0; 6 and 12). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the treatments were compared through the Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no effect at the molar concentration of acetate (76.25 ± 1.22 mM/100mM), butyrate (4.9 ± 0.59 mM/100mM), ammonia (15.17 ± 2.03 mg/dl) and pH (6.36 ± 0.13). There was an effect of the molar concentration of propionate (C = 15.88b; N24 = 17.35a; N48 = 16.91a; N72 = 16.57ab mM/100mM; P < 0.01), acetate:propionate ratio (C = 4.86; a N24 = 4.38 b; N48 = 4.53b; N72 = 4.66ab; P < 0.01) and the total SCFA (C = 88.96b; N24 = 107.43 a; N48 = 100.53a; N72 = 84.62b mM; P < 0.01). In conclusion, the daily supply of narasin and every 48 hours positively affected ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs, but this effect decreased when used every 72 hours.

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Effects of roughage type on particle separation, rumination, fiber mat characteristics, in situ degradation, and ruminal fermentation parameters in beef steers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab214 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine L Lockard ◽

Caleb G Lockard ◽

Wyatt N Smith ◽

Kendall J Karr ◽

Ben P Holland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Latin Square ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

In Situ Degradation ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Six ruminally cannulated steers (average BW = 791 + 71 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to determine the effects of roughage type on rumination, fiber mat characteristics, and rumen fermentation variables. Three roughages were included at 7% (DM basis) in a steam flaked corn-based diet; cotton burrs (CB), wheat silage (WS), or corn stalks (CS). Steers were fitted with a sensory collar to record rumination behaviors in 2-h intervals at the beginning of the experiment. Each 30-d period consisted of a 7-d of recovery, 14-d of diet adaptation, 7-d of rumination data collection (daily and bi-hourly average rumination), 1-d of rumen fluid collection, and 1-d of rumen evacuations. In situ degradation of individual roughages was determined for 4-d after period 3 evacuations. During rumen evacuations, ruminal contents were removed; the rumen fiber mat (RF) was separated from the liquid portion with a 2 mm sieve, weighed, and a subsample was dried. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with steer as the experimental unit and roughage (CB, WS, and CS) as the main effect. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not different for CB and WS (P = 0.25) and greatest for steers consuming CS diet (P < 0.01). Roughage type did not influence the weight of the RF dry matter (%; DM; P = 0.92), RF weight (P = 0.69), or RF:DMI ratio (P = 0.29). Daily rumination (min/d) did not differ among roughages (P = 0.40), but min of rumination/kg of DMI was greatest for CS (18.0 min), min/kg of NDF was greatest for WS (89.8 min; P = 0.02), and min/kg of peNDF was greatest for CS (132.4 min; P < 0.01). Wheat silage had the greatest percentage of soluble DM and CB-R and CS-R (P < 0.01) had the greatest ruminal degraded DM fraction. Rumen fiber mat did not differ for roughages, although rumination min/kg of DMI and peNDF was greatest for steers consuming CS and WS. In situ degradation determined that CB-R and CS-R had the greatest percentage of ruminal degraded DM. Based on the objective of the experiment, roughage type did not influence daily rumination or fiber mat characteristics.

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Citrus pulp in lamb diets: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n5p3421 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 3421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduardo Lucas Terra Peixoto ◽

Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽

Carlos Elysio Moreira da Fonseca ◽

Elizabeth Dos Santos Moura ◽

Karla Rodrigues de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Average Weight ◽

Corn Meal ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Citrus Pulp ◽

Fermentation Parameters

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the viability of replacing corn meal with citrus pulp (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % dry matter of corn meal) by evaluating several nutritional parameters such as intake and digestibility of nutrients, and ruminal fermentation parameters. The diets were formulated to be isoproteic with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40. Five crossbred lambs with an initial average weight of 26.1 ± 1.8 kg were used and distributed in a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. For digestibility of nutrients was carried out to feed, orts, and feces collection. The evaluated nutrients were dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber, fiber acid detergent and lignin. Were determined nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions, and ruminal fermentation parameters (N-NH 3 and ruminal pH). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis (t-test; ? = 0.05). Citrus pulp inclusion in the diets did not affect intake and digestibility of nutrients, or the pH and the NH3-N content of the rumen fluid. Citrus pulp can be used as a total substitute for corn in concentrate or up to 26.5% in the total ration for lambs (dry basis). </p>

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Foraging behavior and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows grazing ryegrass pasture alone or with white clover

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2012000300019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 458-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro Filho ◽

Jean-Louis Peyraud ◽

Rémy Delagarde

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

White Clover ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

The Relationship

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of pasture composition and regrowth age on the relationship between feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass with or without white clover. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with two sward types and two ages of regrowth. Swards of perennial ryegrass sown alone (PRG) and of perennial ryegrass mixed with white clover (GC) were evaluated. Twelve late-lactation Holstein cows, fistulated at the rumen, were distributed in a 4x4 latin square experimental design with four 12-day periods. Daily distribution of grazing was similar in the PRG and the GC swards, but the concentration of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) was higher and the proportion of propionate was lower on mixed swards during the day. Daily distribution of grazing was similar in pastures of different ages. However, in the oldest swards, rumen fluid pH increased and VFA concentration decreased after evening milking. Time spent grazing does not influence ruminal fermentation, which depends on the changes that occur as different sward layers are grazed.

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Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

Juan J. Loor ◽

Philip C. Garnsworthy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Latin Square ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Lipoproteins ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Short Term ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

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PSVII-15 Effects of electrolyzed reduced water on intake, digestion and ruminal fermentation parameters in beef cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.796 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 446-447

Author(s):

Natasha L Bell ◽

Daisy A Gonzalez ◽

Kendrah DeLeon

Keyword(s):

Transition Period ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Reduced Water ◽

Electrolyzed Reduced Water

Abstract The effect of electrolyzed reduced water consumption by cattle is not well defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrolyzed reduced water on intake, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), ORP and pH in four ruminally cannulated steers (4 Bos taurus; 317 kg BW). Steers were subjected to a two period (14 d), two treatment crossover design. Treatment included: 1) standard water (CON; pH = 7.0 ± 1.0) or 2) electrolyzed reduced water (ERW; pH = 9.0 ± 1.0). The project comprised of two studies where the effects of ERW were observed for steers consuming a roughage diet (phase 1) or concentrate diet (phase 2). During Phase 1, animals were provided bermudagrass hay ad libitum. A 14 d transition period followed phase 1 to allow transition of diets. In phase 2, animals were maintained on a concentrate diet. During each period, d 1–8 served as a treatment adaptation phase, d 9–13 allowed for measures of intake and digestion, and rumen fluid was collected at h 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 after feeding on d 14 for VFA, pH and ORP analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation parameters were not different for CON vs ERW steers (P ≥ 0.06). Analysis of VFA data have not been finalized and will be reported later. Results indicate that ERW has no effect on intake, digestion or ruminal fermentation parameters of steers consuming roughage or concentrate diets.

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Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2621 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2621

Author(s):

Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽

Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽

Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽

Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽

Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

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PSVII-14 Feeding carbohydrases to grazing beef cattle under different nutritional strategies on dry season: Ruminal fermentation

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 449-450

Author(s):

Anderson Acosta ◽

Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽

Alexandre Perdigão ◽

Victor Valério de Carvalho ◽

Tiago S Acedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Dry Season ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Beta Glucanase ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Nutritional Strategies

Abstract The aim with this trial was to evaluate two nutritional plans with the addition of carbohydrases enzyme blend (CEB) on ruminal fermentation of grazing Nellore bulls in dry season. Five rumen cannulated Nellore steers (BW = 350 kg) were used. Animals were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence in a 5×5 Latin square experiment with 15 d-periods (10 d to diet adaptation and 5 d for data collection), following a completely randomized design, being the treatments: mineral-proteic supplementation (Fosbovi® Proteico 35; PS) offered at 0,1% BW (0 or 4.75 g/animal/day of CEB) or mineral-protein-energetic supplementation (Fosbovi® Proteico-Energético 25; PES) offered at 0.3% BW (0, 4.75 or 9.50 g/animal/day of CEB). The CEB was mainly composed by beta-glucanase and xylanase enzymes (Ronozyme® VP and Ronozyme® WX). Both enzymes and supplements were provided by DSM Nutritional Products Brasil S.A. Rumen fluid samples were collected on the last day of each experimental period before (0), and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after supplements were offered. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Steers fed PSE had greater (P ≤ 0.041) rumen concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and lower (P = 0.028) acetate to propionate ratio in comparison with animals fed PS. Rumen acetate concentrations were 61.6 and 58.8 mmol/L and rumen propionate concentrations were 15.2 and 13.7 mmol/L for animals under the PSE and PS, respectively. A quadratic effect (P = 0.048) for carbohydrases enzyme blend was observed in NH3-N ruminal concentration of PES animals, where 4.75 g/day level presented the lower concentrations compared to control (24.13 vs. 32.20 mg/dL). Furthermore, rumen concentrations of acetate (P = 0.002) and propionate (P = 0.021) linearly increased with enzymes inclusion for PSE plan. PSE nutritional strategy positively influence ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers in dry season and its effects can be enhanced with CEB inclusion of 4.75 g/day.

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PSXI-21 Effects of different levels and protein sources on ruminal fermentation of feedlot Nellore steers fed high-concentrate diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.803 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 405-405

Author(s):

Vinícius C De Souza ◽

Juliana Messana ◽

Erick Batista ◽

Paulo Henrique Colovate ◽

Maria Júlia Ganga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Level ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Different Levels

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels (10 and 13% crude protein) and protein source on ruminal fermentation of feedlot Nellore steers fed high-concentrate diets. The protein sources tested were urea, dried distillers grains (DDG) and corn gluten meal. The DDG and gluten were used as RUP sources. We used 6 cannulated Nellore steers, rumen, duodenum, and ileum arranged in 6×6 Latin square designed in factorial (2 nitrogen levels and 3 protein sources) balanced for residues. The pH was measured immediately after rumen fluid sampling at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10h after feeding. The NH3-N concentrations were determined with micro-Kjeldahl apparatus. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was assessed by gas chromatography. Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with repeated measures over time. There was no interaction between sampling time and treatments for NH3-N and pH (P > 0.05). Animals fed diets containing Urea had a higher concentration of NH3-N (20.6 mg/dL) than animals supplemented with Gluten (16.2 mg/dL) or DDG (12.7 mg / dL). There was an increase in the NH3-N concentration (P = 0.049) with the increase of the protein level 10 to 13% CP with 14.7 and 18.3 mg/dL, respectively. The ruminal pH was affected by the dietary protein level (P = 0.016), in which animals fed a level of 10% CP had a higher pH (6.80) compared to the level of 13% CP (6.43). Total and individual VFA concentration was not affected by protein levels and sources (P > 0.05). The reduction of N level and the use of RUP did not adversely affect the ruminal fermentation. Although significant differences were observed for pH, they were small and adequate for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.

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The effect of lipid sources on intake, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Nellore steers supplemented with glycerol

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14394 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1871 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arturo Samuel Gomez Insuasti ◽

Yury Tatiana Granja Salcedo ◽

Pablo de Souza Castagnino ◽

Bruno Ramalho Vieira ◽

Euclides Braga Malheiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Molar Proportion ◽

Fermentation Parameters

The effects of glycerol with fat sources as a feed alternative were investigated in the ration for Nellore steers (Bos indicus). Eight cannulated steers at 30 months of age with initial bodyweight of 554 ± 36.0 kg were used in a double 4 by 4 Latin square design with four consecutive 16-day periods. Treatments were three different diets with lipid sources (soybean, soybean oil and calcium salts of fatty acids) and one diet control without lipid sources. All diets formulated contained 10% crude glycerol and 5% ether extract with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65; corn silage was used as forage. The ruminal liquid was sampled for 24 h and ruminal fermentations were monitored by measuring pH, concentrations of ammonia nitrogenand volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. Urine samples were obtained from the total collection for 24 h for estimation of rumen microbial protein supply using urinary purine derivatives. Our results showed that the use of lipid sources combined with glycerol did not induce significant changes in rumen pH, acetate molar proportion, ruminal microbial protein or dry matter intake. Although the acetate molar proportion was kept constant within normal parameters, the propionate molar proportion was increased by the diet containing lipid sources. Moreover, we found that there was a negative effect of lipid sources on crude protein and neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein intake, and one positive effect on ether extract intake. We believe that association between fat and glycerol may affect rumen fermentation parameters through reducing fibre intake and increasing propionate production and ammonia nitrogen.

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PSXIV-41 Warm-season annual or perennial hay fed to growing beef steers with or without dried distillers grains supplementation: ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, and feeding behavior

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.868 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 438-439

Author(s):

Joel D Sugg ◽

Carly A Hoffmann ◽

Lucas B Kondratovich

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Eragrostis Tef ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Ruminal Digestion

Abstract The effects of hay type and protein supplementation on intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestion, and ruminal digestion characteristics were evaluated. Ruminally cannulated Angus beef steers (n = 6; BW = 304 kg ± 11 kg) were randomly assigned within a sequence of treatments using a 4 × 6 unbalanced Latin square design (6 steers; and 4 diets; fed once-daily). A 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement was used as follows: 1) ‘WW-B. Dahl’ Old World bluestem [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake; WWBD or Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter; TEFF); and 2) dried distillers grain (DDGS) at 0 or 0.5% BW. Each period consisted of a 14-d of adaptation and 7-d collection. Steers were observed (5-min intervals, 24 h) for behavioral assessment; while ruminal pH was continuously measured (wireless pH probe), and ruminal fluid collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 h after-feeding. Steers fed TEFF hay and those fed DDGS (both, P = 0.04) had greater DMI compared to WWBD and not supplemented. Chewing activity did not differ (P ≥ 0.54). Non-supplemented steers spent more time eating hay (P < 0.01) than supplemented steers. Average ruminal pH of TEFF (6.32) was lower (P > 0.01) than WWBD (6.56). Non-supplemented steers produced less in vitro total gas and methane (both, P = 0.02) per g rumen fluid DM. The VFA profile was not affected (P ≥ 0.45) by treatments. Apparent total-tract digestibility and ruminal degradation (P ≤ 0.01) were greater with TEFF fed steers than WWBD. Hemicellulose digestion was reduced by 6.95% (P = 0.03) with DDGS supplementation. An annual hay in place of a conventional perennial hay improved intake, ruminal digestion of nutrients, without affecting feeding behavior, while supplementation with DDGS reduced forage intake time and quantity, without negatively affecting ruminal fiber digestion.

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