Biocontrol Potential of Neoseiulus californicus (Mesostigmata : Phytoseiidae) Against Oligonychus punicae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Avocado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Oliveira ◽  
Renato de Almeida Sarmento ◽  
Alberto S Girardo ◽  
Cecilia Alonzo ◽  
Gustavo Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Mite Density ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Abstract Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) is a common pest in Mexican avocado orchards. Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) is frequently found associated with avocado orchards in Mexico and may be an important aid for controlling O. punicae. Given the lack of information in the scientific literature, this study evaluated the predation and oviposition of N. californicus when fed O. punicae at different developmental stages in a no-choice experiment. We also assessed fluctuations in the population size of O. punicae and N. californicus in commercial avocado orchards; correlations among mite density and air temperature, humidity, and precipitation in commercial avocado orchards; and the correlations between prey and predator populations. The no-choice test revealed that N. californicus adult females fed on O. punicae of all developmental stages, with higher levels of predation being recorded for eggs, followed by larvae. The highest oviposition values of N. californicus females were observed when females were fed O. punicae eggs. In orchards, the populations of both mites increased between February and June. The populations peaked during the warmest months of the year, with O. punicae populations peaking between June and July and N. californicus peaking in August. In addition, the population size of N. californicus was significantly and positively correlated with rainfall, air temperature, and the population densities of O. punicae. Meanwhile, O. punicae population size was positively correlated with air temperature, and the population of its predator N. californicus.

scholarly journals High levels of used syringe use and unsafe sex among people who inject drugs in Kumasi, Ghana: an urgent call for a comprehensive harm reduction approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Messersmith ◽  
Rose Adjei ◽  
Jennifer Beard ◽  
Angela R. Bazzi ◽  
Joel J. Earlywine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Syringe Sharing ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Major Drug

Abstract Background Drug use is a growing concern in Ghana. People who inject drugs (PWID) are highly vulnerable to HIV and other infectious diseases. Ghana’s National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS 2016–2020 identifies PWID as a key population, but efforts to address the needs of PWID have lagged behind those targeting sex workers and men who have sex with men. Lack of information about PWID is a critical barrier to implementing effective HIV prevention and treatment. We aimed to learn more about the vulnerability of the PWID population in order to inform much-needed harm reduction interventions. Methods From April to July 2018, we conducted a mixed methods study in Kumasi, Ghana, to identify all major drug using locations, count the numbers of PWID to obtain rough population size estimations, and administer anonymous surveys to 221 PWID regarding drug use and sexual behavior. We also tested for HIV, HCV, and HBV from syringes used by survey participants. Results Key informants identified five major drug using locations and estimated the total PWID population size to be between 600 and 2000. Enumerators counted between 35 and 61 individuals present at each of the five bases. Sharing syringes and reusing discarded syringes are common practices. Over half of survey participants (59%) reported past-month syringe sharing (34% used a used syringe and 52% gave away a used syringe). Individuals with higher injection frequency (≥ 21 times weekly) and who injected with four or more people had higher odds of syringe sharing. Of the survey participants reporting sex in the last month (23%), most reported having one partner, but only 12% used condoms. Nearly all women (11/13) reported exchanging sex for drugs and 6/13 reported exchanging sex for money in the last six months. Fifteen percent of participants (all men) reported paying for sex using drugs or money. Of the used syringes, prevalence estimates were 3% (HIV), 2% (HCV), and 9% (HBV). Conclusions Our findings confirm the urgent need to implement harm reduction interventions targeting PWID and to build a strong and enabling legal and policy environment in Ghana to support these efforts.

scholarly journals The wildcat Felis silvestris in northern Turkey: assessment of status using camera trapping

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgün Emre Can ◽  
İrfan Kandemi̇r ◽  
İnci̇ Togan
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Estimate Population Size

AbstractThe wildcat Felis silvestris is a protected species in Turkey but the lack of information on its status is an obstacle to conservation initiatives. To assess the status of the species we interviewed local forestry and wildlife personnel and conducted field surveys in selected sites in northern, eastern and western Turkey during 2000–2007. In January–May 2006 we surveyed for the wildcat using 16 passive infrared-trigged camera traps in Yaylacı k Research Forest, a 50-km2 forest patch in Yenice Forest in northern Turkey. A total sampling effort of 1,200 camera trap days over 40 km2 yielded photo-captures of eight individual wildcats over five sampling occasions. Using the software MARK to estimate population size the closed capture–recapture model M0, which assumes a constant capture probability among all occasions and individuals, best fitted the capture history data. The wildcat population size in Yaylacı k Research Forest was estimated to be 11 (confidence interval 9–23). Yenice Forest is probably one of the most important areas for the long-term conservation of the wildcat as it is the largest intact forest habitat in Turkey with little human presence, and without human settlements, and with a high diversity of prey species. However, it has been a major logging area and is not protected. The future of Yenice Forest and its wildcat population could be secured by granting this region a protection status and enforcing environmental legislation.

Paleoecology of Marine Foraminifera in the Pluvial Estancia Valley, Central New Mexico

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.W. Bachhuber ◽  
W.A. McClellan
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Lake Temperature ◽  
Minimum Depth ◽  
Unusual Occurrence

Two species of marine Foraminifera have been identified in the Quaternary pluvial sequence of the Estancia Valley, central New Mexico. Besides being an unusual occurrence of marine organisms in an inland body of water remote from the marine environment, the Foraminifera yield useful paleolimnological and paleoclimatological information about two major late Wisconsin pluvial lakes. In addition, the geographic location of the Estancia Valley relative to the closest marine environment requires foraminiferal introduction by avian means. Paleontologic evidence verifies the freshwater nature of the pluvial maxima of Late Lake Estancia (18,000-10,500 BP) and Lake Willard (8500-6000 BP) but early lake conditions were considerably different. The occurrence of foraminifers Cribroelphidium selseyense and Protelphidium orbiculare, both extant species, in the sediments from the early part of each pluvial stand indicates that initial lake development was characterized by a salinity range of 25 to 35‰. At these times lake depth approximated 6 m. By comparison, the freshwater maximum of Late Lake Estancia attained a minimum depth of 90 m. The modern holarctic distribution of the Foraminifera could suggest a mean August lake temperature of 10°C during the developmental stages of Late Lake Estancia and Lake Willard. Because of the shallow-water nature of the lake basins it is likely that this temperature was reflective of mean August air temperature. Therefore, a lowering of mean August air temperature of 9.7°C from that of the present is possible.

Positive Check or Chinese Checks?

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lee ◽  
Cameron Campbell ◽  
Wang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
European Population ◽  
Population History ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Preventive Check ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
English Population

As recently as twenty-five years ago, there were virtually no demographers of China and there was little available data on Chinese demographic behavior. Thus in spite of intense interest in China's population dating back at least to Malthus (1766–1834), his initial understanding, or rather misunderstanding, of Chinese population dynamics remains dominant. While recent research on European population history has confirmed Malthus's observations that European, or at least English, population size was controlled largely by the preventive check, nuptiality, the absence of similar studies of Chinese population history ironically facilitated the persistence of a Malthusian hypothesis that Chinese population size was controlled largely by the positive check, mortality. It is a tribute to the elegance and power of the Malthusian orthodoxy that in spite of the lack of information on Chinese historic demographic behavior and economic performance, many of the most distinguished Western scholars of late imperial China continue to interpret social and economic processes in China during the last three hundred years in Malthusian or neo-Malthusian terms (Elvin 1973; Chao 1986; Huang 1990).

scholarly journals Tree shape and form in ancient coppice woodlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Maděra ◽  
Tomáš Slach ◽  
Luboš Úradníček ◽  
Jan Lacina ◽  
Linda Černušáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tree Shape ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Basic Features

Abstract Ancient coppice woodlands are coppice-originated forest stands with a long-term continual development, and with the preserved typical natural and historic elements of old sprout forests. Prominent natural elements in the ancient coppice woodlands are namely old coppice stools. There is, in scientific literature, lack of information about features of ancient coppice stools. Therefore, our contribution aims to describe shape and form of ancient coppice stools, including the most important microhabitat of coppice woodlands – dendrothelms. Based on field survey of 20 localities of important coppice woodlands we recorded 135 ancient coppice stools of 13 tree species and a total of 80 dendrothelms in 9 tree species. Basic features of ancient coppice stools and dendrothlems were measured and evaluated.

Emissions from Metallic Powder and High Energy-Based Process – Thermal Spraying, Powder Atomization, and Additive Manufacturing – Knowledge Refresh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Darut ◽  
S. Dieu ◽  
B. Schnuriger ◽  
A. Vignes ◽  
O. Le Bihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Manufacturing Knowledge

Abstract This paper addresses a need for information on nanoparticle emissions and related issues such as worker exposure, filtration efficiency, and dustiness. A survey has been conducted on the working conditions and safety measures used in thermal spray companies and the results compared to scientific literature and previous surveys. Responses to questions on matters of health and safety reveal a lack of information and awareness of the risks posed by the emissions of ultrafine particles generated by thermal spraying processes.

The effect of mebendazole on different developmental stages of Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Novak ◽  
W. S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta

Tribolium confusum beetles infected with Hymenolepis diminuta were fed continuously from day 1, 3, 5, 6, or 7 to day 10 post infection (p.i.) on a mixture composed of two parts Telmin (containing 16.67% of mebendazole) and one part flour. The drug inhibited the worm development and this effect decreased as the age of larvae at the time of the first exposure increased. Lowered incidence of infection, decreased population size, and retarded development were apparent when the beetles were given drug from day 3 p.i. or earlier. Retarded development was also observed in cysticercoids from beetles given drug from day 5 p.i. When given from day 6 or later, it had no effect on worm development. However, when compared with larvae from beetles fed only flour, cysticercoids exposed to the drug from day 6 or later showed reduced infectivity and a decrease in their ability to excyst in vitro. Fully developed infective cysticercoids exposed to the drug from day 10 p.i. or later were not affected by it.

scholarly journals Comparison of Capsicum annuum and C. pubescens for Antixenosis as a Means of Aphid Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Bosland ◽  
John J. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Plant Choice

Accessions of Capsicum annuum L., a susceptible host, and C. pubescens (R. & P.), a resistant host, were grown in a replicated greenhouse study to test whether antixenosis (nonpreference), antibiosis, or both was the mechanism for resistance to green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)]. A plant choice experiment established that aphids preferred C. annuum to C. pubescens. A no-plant choice test was not undertaken; nevertheless, the aphid's reproductive rates were measured in leaf containment cages and were similar on both hosts. The mechanism of antibiosis was not indicated because fecundity was not reduced in the containment cages; however, other measures of antibiosis were not studied. These observations suggest that antixenosis may be functioning in C. pubescens.

scholarly journals The Research of Standardized Protocols for Dog Involvement in Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Systematic Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Antonio Santaniello ◽  
Susanne Garzillo ◽  
Serena Cristiano ◽  
Alessandro Fioretti ◽  
Lucia Francesca Menna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Animal Assisted Therapy ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Training

Dogs are considered the most important species involved in animal-assisted therapy (AAT), and the scientific literature focuses on the benefits linked to the involvement of dogs in various therapeutic areas. In this study, we carried out a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, exploring the scientific literature from the last 5 years (2016–2021) on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to highlight the characteristics of the dogs involved in AATs. Based on the scientific literature relevant to such dogs, we considered different parameters (i.e., number, age, sex, breed, temperament, methods of choice and training, health status, research goals, and activities with dogs) to include studies in our paper. After screening 4331 papers identified on the searched databases, we selected 38 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the included articles showed that the characteristics of the dogs were neglected. Our findings indicated a lack of information about the dogs, as well as the absence of standardized and univocal criteria for dog selection, training programs, and health protocols.

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