Control of Three Species of Stored-Product Insects in Wheat Treated With Steam and Hot Air

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1964-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darsana Divagar ◽  
Fuji Jian ◽  
Stefan Cenkowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Abstract The effect of 105°C steam or hot air on adult mortality of three species of stored-product insect pests outside wheat kernels of 12.5, 14.5 and 16.5% moisture content was investigated. The species were Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In the case of S. oryzae, young adults and immature stages inside wheat kernels were also tested. The mortality of insects inside kernels was higher at lower moisture contents of wheat treated with hot air, whereas moisture content did not significantly affect mortality of insects treated with steam. In the hot air treatment, all adults of the three species outside kernels had 100% mortality when the treatment time was 75 s for wheat with 16.5% moisture content, and 60 s for 12.5 and 14.5% wheat. In the steam treatment, the time to reach 100% mortality of adults outside kernels was 1 s at any moisture content and without significantly affecting germination. The young adults and immature stages of S. oryzae inside kernels required 90 s to reach 100% mortality in hot air, whereas 3 s was needed in steam. The treatment to reach 100% mortality of insects inside kernels caused a 20% drop in germination in steam and 81% drop in hot air.

Ozone as a Potential Fumigant Alternative for the Management of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1953-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A Amoah ◽  
Rizana M Mahroof
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Gas Loss ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Abstract Gaseous ozone, an oxidizing agent used as a disinfectant in food processing and preservation, has potential for the control of stored product insects. In this study, we investigated ozone for the management of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a serious stored product insect pest. We exposed eggs, immature stages within wheat kernels, and adults of the rice weevil to 200-ppm ozone for 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h. Insects were placed at 5, 15, or 25 cm depth within a wheat mass in PVC pipes (10 cm in diameter, 30 cm in height) and exposed to ozone. Egg eclosion was recorded 10 d after treatment (DAT), and immature stages were observed for adult emergence 28 DAT. Adults were observed for survival immediately after ozone exposure and again at 1 and 2 DAT. Egg eclosion was significantly lower at 5 cm compared with 25 cm at all exposure times, but not the 12-h exposure time. For each exposure time tested, significantly lesser adults developed from kernels and none of the adults survived at the 5 cm depth compared with the 15 and 25 cm depths. Survival rate of adults was significantly higher at 25 cm depth than at 15 cm depth at the 24–60 h. The deeper the insect in the grain mass, the higher the survival rate. The work reported suggests that ozone is effective in killing all life stages of S. oryzae; however, the efficacy of the gas is dependent on the concentration, exposure time, depth, and gas loss.

scholarly journals Effect of Vacuum Steam Treatment of Hard Red Spring Wheat on Flour Quality and Reduction of Escherichia coli O121 and Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANE SNELLING ◽  
SAHAR MALEKMOHAMMADI ◽  
TERESA M. BERGHOLZ ◽  
JAE OHM ◽  
SENAY SIMSEK
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Flour Quality ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Wheat Kernels

ABSTRACT Recent outbreaks traced to contaminated flour have created a need in the milling industry for a process that reduces pathogens in wheat while maintaining its functional properties. Vacuum steam treatment is a promising technology for treatment of low-moisture foods. Traditional thermal treatment methods can compromise wheat functionality due to high temperatures; thus, maintaining the functional quality of the wheat protein was critical for this research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vacuum steam treatment of hard red spring (HRS) wheat kernels on final flour quality and the overall efficacy of vacuum stream treatment for reducing pathogens on HRS wheat kernels. HRS wheat samples were treated with steam under vacuum at 65, 70, 75, and 85°C for 4 and 8 min. Significant changes in dough and baked product functionality were observed for treatments at ≥70°C. Treatment time had no significant effect on the qualities evaluated. After determining that vacuum steam treatment at 65°C best preserved product quality, HRS wheat was inoculated with Escherichia coli O121 and Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 and processed at 65°C for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 min. The treatments achieved a maximum average reduction of 3.57 ± 0.33 log CFU/g for E. coli O121 and 3.21 ± 0.27 log CFU/g for Salmonella. Vacuum steam treatment could be an effective pathogen inactivation method for the flour milling industry. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Effects of Cooking and Processing Methods on Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Broccoli Florets

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Hee Young Kim ◽  
Meran Keshawa Ediriweera ◽  
Kyung-Hwan Boo ◽  
Chang Sook Kim ◽  
Somi Kim Cho
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mcf 7

We investigated the effects of cooking (steaming and microwaving) and processing (freeze-drying and hot-air-drying) methods on the antioxidant activity of broccoli florets. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•), and alkyl• free radical scavenging assays were employed to assess anti-oxidant potentials. The cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 was studied using hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Anti-proliferative effects were assessed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. L-sulforaphane in broccoli extracts was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Steam and microwave treatments caused increases in total polyphenol content (TPC), whereas the total flavonoid content (TFC) decreased following steam treatment. A slight increase in TFC was observed in the microwaved samples. Extracts of all broccoli samples showed almost identical radical scavenging and cytoprotective effects. HPLC demonstrated that steamed (3 min)-freeze-dried (F-S3) and microwaved (2 min)-freeze-dried (F-M2) samples exhibited elevated levels of L-sulforaphane. In addition, the F-S3 and F-M2 extracts displayed strong anti-proliferative effects in MCF-7 cells, which correlated with L-sulforaphane content. As we observed no significant decrease in the antioxidant activity of broccoli florets, the cooking and processing methods and conditions studied here are recommended for broccoli.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing on Residual Buprofezin Levels in Ginseng Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Hyun Ho Noh ◽  
Hyeon Woo Shin ◽  
Dong Ju Kim ◽  
Jeong Woo Lee ◽  
Seung Hyeon Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Processed Products

This study determined residual buprofezin levels in fresh ginseng and evaluated their changes during processing. Supervised field trials were conducted at Yeongju, Geumsan, and Goesan, Korea. Buprofezin 12.5% EC was applied to 5-y ginseng in accordance with the Korean good agriculture practice (GAP). Samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 d after the final application. On day 14 (GAP-equivalent preharvest date), the ginseng was processed to obtain dried and red ginseng. The average buprofezin concentrations on day 0 were 0.076 (Yeongju), 0.055 (Geumsan), and 0.078 mg kg−1 (Goesan). Residual concentrations increased as ginseng was processed into dried and red ginseng. Residue levels in dried ginseng manufactured by hot air drying were higher than in red ginseng obtained by steaming, hot air, and sunlight drying. However, the absolute amount of pesticides decreased by approximately 20–30% as a result of calculating the reduction factor considering the dry yield and moisture content. Therefore, the residual concentration in processed products may vary depending on the processing method, and it is deemed necessary to consider the processing yield and moisture content when evaluating the safety of residual pesticides in dried processed products.

Detection of moisture and carotenoid content in carrot slices during hot air drying based on multispectral imaging equipment with selected wavelengths

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 727-735
Author(s):  
Jiamei Long ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Leiqing Pan ◽  
Kang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hot Air

Abstract Moisture content and carotenoid content are important indicators for evaluating the drying process of carrot slices. There are growing attention to develop non-destructive methods as effectively analytical tools in quality assurance of drying carrot slices. In this study, the characteristic wavelengths of moisture and carotenoid content in carrot slices during hot air drying were extracted based on hyperspectral imaging technology. A multispectral imaging equipment was built after that, and the wavelengths of filters were determined according to the characteristic wavelengths. Based on the successive projection algorithm (SPA), the optimal wavelengths of moisture and carotenoid content were further determined, and prediction models of both were established based on the system. There were 12 filters selected in this study. The results showed that a support vector machine (SVM) prediction model for moisture content was established based on seven optimal wavelengths with 0.991 for the coefficient of determination of prediction set (R 2 p ) and 10.318 for the residual prediction residual (RPD). Based on eight optimal wavelengths, a SVM prediction model for carotenoid content was also established with 0.968 for R 2 p and 5.337 for RPD. The prediction performance is close to or even better than that based on hyperspectral. The study confirmed the feasibility of using the multispectral imaging equipment to measure the moisture and carotenoid content of carrot slices during drying based on selected wavelengths, laying a foundation for the further preparation of a portable multispectral detector for the quality of dry products.

SOFT X–RAY INSPECTION OF WHEAT KERNELS INFESTED BY SITOPHILUS ORYZAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Karunakaran ◽  
D. S. Jayas ◽  
N. D. G. White
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wheat Kernels

scholarly journals Effect of Saturated Steam Heat Treatment on Physical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyi Wang ◽  
Xinwu Wu ◽  
Chenglong Yuan ◽  
Zhichao Lou ◽  
Yanjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Steam Heat

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the heat treatment time and initial moisture content of bamboo on the corresponding chemical composition, crystallinity, and mechanical properties after saturated steam heat treatment at 180 °C. The mechanism of saturated steam heat treatment of bamboo was revealed on the micro-level, providing a theoretical basis for the regulation of bamboo properties and the optimization of heat treatment process parameters. XRD patterns of the treated bamboo slices were basically the same. With the increase in the initial moisture content of bamboo, the crystallinity of bamboo increased first and then decreased after treatment. Due to the saturated steam heat treatment, the content of cellulose and lignin in bamboo slices increased while the content of hemicellulose decreased, but the content of cellulose in bamboo with a 40% initial moisture content increased first and then decreased. The shear strength of treated bamboo changed little within 10 min after saturated steam heat treatment, and then decreased rapidly. During the first 20 min with saturated steam heat treatment, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of elasticity of the treated bamboo increased, and then decreased.

scholarly journals Insectos plaga de granos almacenados. Impacto en la seguridad alimentaria del municipio Las Tunas, Cuba

2016 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Dayami Laguna Ávila ◽  
Carlos Pupo Feria ◽  
Gladia González Ramírez ◽  
Alina Espeek González
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Stored Grains ◽  
Bruchus Pisorum

Insects pest of stored grains. Impact on food security of Las Tunas municipality, Cuba Resumen Con el objetivo de determinar las especies de insectos plaga en granos almacenados para la obtención de información que contribuyan al manejo de sus poblaciones y minimizar las pérdidas que influyen en la seguridad alimentaria de la población, se realizó un estudio en la Unidad 639 de la Empresa Mayorista de Productos Alimenticios del municipio Las Tunas, Cuba, en el período de enero del año 2011 hasta diciembre del año 2013. En el estudio se colectaron e identificaron 26 especies de insectos plaga en las naves, distribuidas en 19 géneros y 12 familias, pertenecientes a tres órdenes, de ellas, 23 especies cosmopolitas y de amplia distribución en Cuba. Las principales especies de insectos plaga encontradas fueron Tribolium castaneum; Ahasverus advena; Bruchus pisorum; Sitophilus oryzae; Ephestia sp. y Liposcelis sp. El hospedante con mayor frecuencia de aparición de las especies de insectos plaga fue el arroz, seguido por el frijol y el chícharo. Palabras clave: almacenes; cereal; plagas Abstract In order to determine the species of insect pests in stored grains to obtain information that contribute to the management of their populations and minimize losses that influence the food security of the population, a study was carried out in Unit 639 of the Company Wholesaler of Food Products of the municipality Las Tunas, Cuba, in the period from January 2011 until December 2013. The study collected and identified 26 species of insect pests in the ships, distributed in 19 genera and 12 families, belonging to three orders, of which 23 species are cosmopolitan and widely distributed in Cuba. The main species of pest insects found were Tribolium castaneum; Ahasverus advena; Bruchus pisorum; Sitophilus oryzae; Ephestia sp. and Liposcelis sp. The host with the highest frequency of appearance of insect pests was rice, followed by beans and peas. Keywords:  Insect pests; storage; food safety.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Insects in Traditionally Stored Rice at Farmhouses in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Rice Moth ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Meal Worm ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Control Insect

A survey was conducted to investigate rice storage practices at the farmer’s level and the prevalence of insects’ status through a pretested questionnaire in Mymensingh and Jashore districts, Bangladesh. For seed purposes, large, medium, and small farmers store about 40, 10, and 5 kg, respectively in the Aman season for 7 months whereas in the Boro season large and medium farmers keep about 80 and 20 kg for 5 months. Average storage time was the highest (7 months) for Boro and Aman rice by large and small farmers, respectively for consumption. Eleven storage items namely, Dole, Motka, Tin, Plastic Drum, Gunny Bag, Bamboo Gola, Dhari, Bamboo Auri, Berh, Steel Drum, and Plastic Bag were found. About 57 and 74% of farmers stored rice, among them 47 and 58% used traditional Dole in Jashore and Mymensingh, respectively. Tin and Berh (1%) were the least used storage structures. About 11 and 17%; 3 and 4% of farmers used neem leaf and chemicals especially phostoxin in storage as an insect repellent in these areas, respectively. The use of Plastic Bags increased sharply due to lightweight, availability, and low price, whereas Bamboo Gola, Berh, Motka users decreased remarkably. Relative abundance of the insect species was: Rice Moth Sitotroga cerealla, Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae, Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castoreum, and Lesser Meal Worm Alphitobious diaperinus. Maximum insect infestation was found in stored paddy in Dole followed by Motka, and Plastic Bag; and the least amount was observed in Plastic Drum in both regions. Three fourth of the respondents took no measures to control insect pests in stored rice.

scholarly journals USE OF INDIGENOUS ISOLATES OF METARHIZIUM, ISARIA AND BEAUVERIA AS POTENTIAL BIO-CONTROL AGENTS AGAINST Sitophilus oryzae UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044
Author(s):  
Saif-Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
New Class ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Dose Comparison ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Conidial Concentration

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are suggested as a new class of alternates followed by Synthetic chemical control of the insect pests .Virulence of seven EPF isolates, four strains of Metarhizium {(Qin-08, Qin-13, Qin-18 and ME-38 (LT-178)}, two of Isaria {ME-33 (ILT-01), Yulin-5 (IYL-01)} and one of Beauveria bassiana (Qin-21) were assessed against the adults of Sitophilus oryzae under laboratory conditions, firstly at single conidial concentration (1x108 ml-1 ) by immersion and the food mix methods. Qin-21, ME-33 and Qin-18 caused significantly highest mortality of S.oryzae at immersion methods (100, 100 and 98%), followed by food mix method to 100, 84.16 and 91.66% respectively. Yulin-5 was the least effective, showing significantly the lowest mortality at food mixed (32.49%) and immersion methods (40.20%) respectively. Hence, the immersion method was found to be most effective, resulting the higher mortality rate of S. oryzae in comparison to food mix method, in all tested fungal isolates. Secondly, we screened out the most effective isolates for multiple dose comparison i.e., 1x104 to 1x107 conidia ml-1 by immersion method only. The isolate ME-33 resulted in 100% mortality of the pest at higher conidial dose as compared to Qin-21 and Qin-18 which showing 80 and 64.64% mortality respectively. The LT50 was observed to be 3.63, 4.17 and 8.58 days in ME-33, Qin-21 and Qin-18, respectively at the highest conidial concentration (1x107ml-1 ). ME-33 isolate with the highest mortality and lowest LT50 at conidial concentration 1x107 ml-1 proved to be most effective for the control of S. oryzae. So these fungal islotes could be a better alternative for the management of S. oryzae

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document