Normality operators and classical recapture in many-valued logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-683
Author(s):  
Roberto Ciuni ◽  
Massimiliano Carrara
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Third ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
Formal Behaviour ◽  
Classical Truth

AbstractIn this paper, we use a ‘normality operator’ in order to generate logics of formal inconsistency and logics of formal undeterminedness from any subclassical many-valued logic that enjoys a truth-functional semantics. Normality operators express, in any many-valued logic, that a given formula has a classical truth value. In the first part of the paper we provide some setup and focus on many-valued logics that satisfy some (or all) of the three properties, namely subclassicality and two properties that we call fixed-point negation property and conservativeness. In the second part of the paper, we introduce normality operators and explore their formal behaviour. In the third and final part of the paper, we establish a number of classical recapture results for systems of formal inconsistency and formal undeterminedness that satisfy some or all the properties above. These are the main formal results of the paper. Also, we illustrate concrete cases of recapture by discussing the logics $\mathsf{K}^{\circledast }_{3}$, $\mathsf{LP}^{\circledast }$, $\mathsf{K}^{w\circledast }_{3}$, $\mathsf{PWK}^{\circledast }$ and $\mathsf{E_{fde}}^{\circledast }$, that are in turn extensions of $\mathsf{{K}_{3}}$, $\mathsf{LP}$, $\mathsf{K}^{w}_{3}$, $\mathsf{PWK}$ and $\mathsf{E_{fde}}$, respectively.

scholarly journals Stratified, Weak Stratified, and Three-Valued Semantics1

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Melvin Fitting ◽  
Marion Ben-Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Horn Clause ◽  
Logic Programs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fixed Point Semantics ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classical Truth

We investigate the relationship between three-valued Kripke/Kleene semantics and stratified semantics for stratifiable logic programs. We first show these are compatible, in the sense that if the three-valued semantics assigns a classical truth value, the stratified approach will assign the same value. Next, the familiar fixed point semantics for pure Horn clause programs gives both smallest and biggest fixed points fundamental roles. We show how to extend this idea to the family of stratifiable logic programs, producing a semantics we call weak stratified. Finally, we show weak stratified semantics coincides exactly with the three-valued approach on stratifiable programs, though the three-valued version is generally applicable, and does not require stratification assumptions.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Anthropology and Theology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Third

This tripartite chapter calls for a creative approach that engages diverse themes while striving for satisfying resolutions of disciplinary tensions between anthropology and theology. It calls for this even if these resolutions are not achieved. The first part, entitled “Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Dialogue,” is heavily autobiographical, and offers a case study of reflexivity, excusing its indulgence in biographical reflection on account of its intention to pinpoint the very particular and contextual nature of idea development. The second part, headed “Further Conversation Pieces,” picks up just such ideas open to anthropological–theological conversation, including a cautionary gloss on the over-easy use of anthropology and theology as discrete terms. The third and final part, described as “Disciplinary Quandaries,” takes some of these formal classifications of disciplines further and also brings together some personal and institutional factors surrounding both anthropological and theological practice.

scholarly journals Is Liturgy Ludic? Distinguishing between the Phenomena of Play and Ritual

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Christina M. Gschwandtner
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ontological Claim

What is the nature (or “Wesen”) of the liturgical phenomenon? It has become immensely popular to describe liturgical or ritual practice as a kind of “holy play,” whether as metaphor, as productive analogy for pragmatic or theological purposes, or even as making an ontological claim about what liturgy “is” in its essence. The present article seeks to complicate the association of the phenomena of liturgy and of play. The first part traces the origins of the notion of play and the development of its application to ritual in the most influential sources from Kant to Gadamer. The second part highlights its prevalence in the contemporary discussion and elucidates how it is being used. The third part provides a phenomenological analysis to demonstrate important differences between the two phenomena and to question the contention that liturgy is a form of play. The final part tries to ascertain the broader practical and theological aims being served by the association of the two phenomena and—via a return to the question of the nature of the liturgical phenomenon in a more theological mode—suggests that these aims might be accomplished more productively in ways that avoid the downsides of identifying ritual or liturgy with play.

Aliens and Citizens: The Case for Open Borders

1987 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Carens
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Third World ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Michael Walzer ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Oppressed People ◽  
Open Borders ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Third World

Many poor and oppressed people wish to leave their countries of origin in the third world to come to affluent Western societies. This essay argues that there is little justification for keeping them out. The essay draws on three contemporary approaches to political theory — the Rawlsian, the Nozickean, and the utilitarian — to construct arguments for open borders. The fact that all three theories converge upon the same results on this issue, despite their significant disagreements on others, strengthens the case for open borders and reveals its roots in our deep commitment to respect all human beings as free and equal moral persons. The final part of the essay considers communitarian objections to this conclusion, especially those of Michael Walzer.

scholarly journals GURIAH LIMPAPEH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Intania Ananda Jonisa ◽  
Susas Rita Loravianti ◽  
Rasmida Rasmida
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Female Behavior ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Medium ◽  
The Ideal

AbstrakKarya tari yang berjudul “Guriah Limpapeh” terinspirasi dari kehidupan sosial perempuan Minangkabau yang pengkarya amati di sekeliling pengkarya bersikap dan bertingkah laku tidak sesuai dengan etika idealnya perempuan Minangkabau. Dalam aplikasinya menginterpretasikan bergesernya nilai dan etika perempuan hari ini dan mengungkap nilai yang relevan dengan adat dan budaya Minangkabau. Dalam konsep gerak sebagai media utama tari pengkarya mengembangkan gerak yang relevan dengan konsep garapan, selain itu diperkuat dengan menggunakan drum sebagai properti dan setting. Karya ini digarap dalam tiga bahagian yakni pada bagian pertama menginterpretasikan tentang kehidupan dan aktivitas masyarakat di Kecamatan Matur, bahagian kedua menggambarkan perubahan memori pada dahulu dan zaman sekarang, kemudian bahagian ketiga menginterpretasikan bagaimana pola tingkah laku perempuan yang dalam adat Minangkabau yang disebut Simarewan dan Mambang Tali Awan yang menjadi konflik dalam garapan, sedangkan bagian endingnya adalah mengekspresikan idealnya perempuan Minangkabau yang disebut dengan Parampuan. Karya ini diperkuat dengan musik untuk memperkuat suasana, demikian juga elemen-elemen dan artistik lainnya untuk penampilannya memilih ruang terbuka atau outdoor. Kata Kunci: interpretasi, perempuan, adat MinangkabauAbstractThis work of dance entitled  as "Guriah Limpapeh" which is inspired from the social life of Minangkabau women, that the observed around the worker’s attitude and behaved not in accordance with the ideal ethics of Minangkabau women. In its application interpet the shifting values and ethics of women today and reveal values relevant to the customs and culture of Minangkabau. In the concept of motion as the main medium of the dance the developer develops a motion that is relevant to the concept of arable, besides being strengthened by using drums as property and settings. This work is worked on in three parts, namely in the first part of interpreting the life and activities of the community in the mature sub-district, the second part describes the change of memory in the past and present, then the third part interprets how the female behavior patterns in the Minangkabau tradition called simarewan and mambang tali awan  which becomes conflict in claim while the final part is expressing ideally the Minangkabau women who is called parampuan. This work is strengthened by music to strengthen the atmosphere, as well as other artistic and elements for his appearance in choosing open space or outdoor.Keywords: interpretation, women, adat Minangkabau.

scholarly journals Potencjał innowacyjny miast w Polsce

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Bartłomiej Turała
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
City Size ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Third ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Method Of Measurement

The article aims to put forward a method for measuring the innovation potential of cities as one of main drivers – alongside education and culture – of their development potential (Orankiewicz &Turała, 2019). The discussion which is carried out in the paper starts with the concept of territorial capital put forward by Camagni and Capello [2013] and refers to other approaches to measuring the innovation potential of cities (Marszał 2012; Siłka 2018). The main assumptions behind the method of measurement are briefly described in the second part of the article – the proposed measurement of innovation potential reflects four factors: (1) the capacity to generate knowledge and innovative solutions; (2) the capacity to disseminate research results; (3) the capacity to bridge the gap between academia and economic activity or, in other words, the capacity to commercialise research outcomes and (4) the robustness of economic activity in the most innovative sectors. Data on the above factors of innovation potential was collected for all urban communes in Poland (306 cities) for the period between 2013 and 2016. A set of rankings of Polish cities based on their innovation potential between 2013 and 2016 is then presented – the third part of the article discusses the differentiation of innovation potentials of cities by region as well as in different classes in terms of city size. The final part of the article concentrates on the significance of various drivers of the innovation potential of cities.

Parfit’s Final Arguments in Normative Ethics

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-232
Author(s):  
Brad Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rule Consequentialism ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Act Consequentialism ◽  
What Matters

This paper starts by juxtaposing the normative ethics in the final part of Parfit’s final book, On What Matters, volume iii (2017), with the normative ethics in his earlier books, Reasons and Persons (1984) and On What Matters, volume i (2011). The paper then addresses three questions. The first is, where does the reflective-equilibrium methodology that Parfit endorsed in the first volume of On What Matters lead? The second is, is the Act-involving Act Consequentialism that Parfit considers in the final volume of On What Matters as plausible as Rossian deontology? The third is, how is the new argument that Parfit puts forward for Rule Consequentialism supposed to work?

The Lock of Berenice

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-153
Author(s):  
Marijn S. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Final Part ◽  
The Third

The third chapter discusses a moment of profound crisis in Seleucid history: the dynastic strife between the two wives of Antiochus II resulting in the Third Syrian War. It argues that Callimachus’ Lock of Berenice can be read as a poetic commentary on a key moment of crisis for the Seleucid Empire, in that it subtly contrasts the failure of a Seleucid dynastic marriage with the success of the Ptolemaic royal couple, which is placed in an unbroken tradition that reaches back via Arsinoe II and Ptolemy II to Berenice I and Ptolemy I. In the second part of the chapter, it is argued that Callimachus exploits Ptolemaic royal propaganda to cast the Seleucids as the heirs of the Persians and other Eastern empires, rather than a Greek kingdom. The final part of the chapter draws out the broader poetic implications of anti-Seleucid polemic by looking at the Aetia and the Hymn to Apollo.

scholarly journals F-Metric, F-Contraction and Common Fixed-Point Theorems with Applications

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awais Asif ◽  
Muhammad Nazam ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Sang Og Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Common Fixed Point ◽  
Functional Equations ◽  
Fixed Point Theorems ◽  
Metric Spaces ◽  
The Third ◽  
Set Valued Mappings ◽  
Common Fixed Point Theorems

In this paper, we noticed that the existence of fixed points of F-contractions, in F -metric space, can be ensured without the third condition (F3) imposed on the Wardowski function F : ( 0 , ∞ ) → R . We obtain fixed points as well as common fixed-point results for Reich-type F-contractions for both single and set-valued mappings in F -metric spaces. To show the usability of our results, we present two examples. Also, an application to functional equations is presented. The application shows the role of fixed-point theorems in dynamic programming, which is widely used in computer programming and optimization. Our results extend and generalize the previous results in the existing literature.

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