Power to the People? An Experimental Analysis of Bottom-Up Accountability of Third-Party Institutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ottone ◽  
F. Ponzano ◽  
L. Zarri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The People

A Study of the Interaction Between Depressed Patients and Their Spouses

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hinchliffe ◽  
Douglas Hooper ◽  
F. John Roberts ◽  
Pamela W. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Initial Analysis ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
The People ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Many ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

This paper reports the initial analysis of a series of observations of a number of depressed patients communicating with their spouses and with a third party. This is part of a larger study which arose out of our dissatisfaction with the traditional ways of thinking about depressed patients. By and large there is general agreement about the people who are called ‘depressed’; there are constellations of symptoms and signs which can be evaluated by using one of the many rating scales for depression which have a degree of reliability and consistency. However, we feel that most of the thinking which underlies these efforts is based on presuppositions which would place ‘the depression’ within the patient, that is to say that there is something wrong within the patient which causes the symptoms and gives rise to the signs. These views are reductionist in character and we have by contrast attempted to reexamine certain aspects of depression using non-reductionist ideas.

scholarly journals Top-down or bottom-up? The selection of shadow rapporteurs in the European Parliament

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-727
Author(s):  
Frank M Häge ◽  
Nils Ringe
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Principal Agent Theory ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection Of

Shadow rapporteurs play an important role in developing the European Parliament’s collective policy positions and in defending them in inter-institutional negotiations. This study sheds light on the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of shadow rapporteur selection. Qualitative insights from practitioner interviews and a quantitative analysis of shadow rapporteur data from the 7th European Parliament (2009–2014) indicate that the appointment process is primarily one of bottom-up self-selection by group members based on their policy interests. The party group leadership, in the form of group coordinators, plays an important coordinating role when there is competition for a shadow rapporteurship. However, the role of group coordinators is more akin to a third-party arbiter of competing demands than a mechanism of top-down control by the leadership, as suggested by principal-agent theory.

Bottom-up placemaking in a time of crisis, by the people, for the people

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Christou
Keyword(s):  
Shared Vision ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Festivals ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Customer Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Beach Resort

Purpose The paper aims to present the case study of Arillas, a small beach resort on Corfu, Greece, where the locals have taken their fate into their own hands in the middle of a crisis. It presents the historical background of the development of tourism in Arillas, the actions that have been undertaken by the local stakeholders to actively participate in the management of the village and to attract alternative, responsible and sustainable forms of tourism to Arillas, and the main players contributing to this process, as well as a look at three important themes contributing to the change. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an empirical study spanning many years by a local inhabitant who has an affinity with place management and marketing. It also includes some conclusions of a quantitative, questionnaire-based customer satisfaction survey carried out in 2011 and 2012 among 600 visitors. The analysis of the quantitative data was carried out by the Head of the Corfu Department of the National Tourism Organisation of Greece. Findings The paper demonstrates how a shared vision, combined with empowerment and communication among local stakeholders on improving the place, as well as many joint actions carried out on a volunteer basis have, first of all, dramatically increased the level of engagement of the locals in the present and future of Arillas, and second they have attracted and are attracting more individual travellers who are coming for the hospitality, local food and products, music and cultural festivals, walking, yoga and meditation rather than the outdated mass tourism model. Research limitations/implications It would be very interesting to perform another quantitative, questionnaire-based survey now to compare the results to those of 2012. Originality/value This paper demonstrates that a bottom-up, horizontal approach to placemaking and place marketing can yield substantial results even (or especially) in an adverse economical and social environment.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERMINTAAN PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH PADA BMT HIDAYAH UMAT YOGYAKARTA 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Murningsih . ◽  
Ahmad Yunadi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The People ◽  
Collecting Methods ◽  
Regression Tests

Abstract Murningsih. 2009. "Analysis of Factors Affect the Demand of Financing Mudharabah at BMT Hidayah Umat Yogyakarta in 2013”. A Thesis. Yogyakarta: School of Theology Alma Ata. KJKS BMT is an institution that serves as a financial intermediary institution. KJKS BMT distributes third party funds to the people. Among of them are mudharabah and musyarakah financing. The background of this research is that sharia, service, product, and promotion are the factors to be considered by the people to apply for funding to BMT Hidayah Ummat. This study was conducted to determine the influence of sharia, services, products, and promotions on the demand of financing mudharabah at BMT Hidayah Ummah. Type of research is a field research with documentation of data collecting methods, because the data in this study is a secondary data. Where as this data obtained from customers data is filled directly. Analysis tool of this research is multiple linear regression tests that use the classicallinear regression tests and statistical tests. The resultof t-test analysis shows that each of the independent variables significantly affects the demand of financing in BMT Hidayah Umat Yogyakarta. In the F test shows that the sharia independent variables influences significantly, while theservice, product, and promotionare not influencing significantly for the demand of financing mudharabah. The determinants coefficient (R²) of 0.729, which means that the demand for financing mudharabah in BMT Hidayah Umat can be explained by the independent variables was 72.9%. The remaining of 27.1% is influenced by other variables out side this research. Keyword: Financing Mudharabah, BMT.

scholarly journals The Application of the Third Party's Right Relief System in Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Haitao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The People ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Right Relief ◽  
Relief System

With the continuous revision and improvement of the Civil Procedure Law and relevant judicial interpretations, China has formed a complete system to protect the rights and interests of the third party not involved in the original trial, including enforcement objection, execution objection lawsuit, the third party revocation lawsuit and retrial procedure. However, at present, the legal provisions on the cis-position of application of the above procedures are still vague. In order to explain and solve this problem more clearly, this thesis divides the time after the judgment is made into three stages - "from the time when the judgment is made to before the judgment takes effect", "the stage of execution" and "after the stage of execution". Based on the characteristics and purposes of each procedure and the functional characteristics of judicial organs, the cis-position of each procedure in different stages is determined reasonably.

Service Oriented Enterprise and Contracted Profit Sharing

2013 ◽  
pp. 209-227
Author(s):  
Ali Habibi Badrabadi ◽  
Mohammad Jafar Tarokh ◽  
Shahriar Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Conflicting Interests

Service Oriented Enterprises (SOEs) outsource their functionalities via third party web services. Therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to manage the cooperation of the services. SOEs perform their functionalities in an extremely dynamic environment. Changes that happen to a SOE are categorized in two types: top-down changes and bottom-up changes. This paper considers top-down changes which are initiated by SOE’s management. In order to manage a top-down change, the SOE’s management should consider the possible conflicting interests of the different parties. This study finds a situation in which none of the services have to incur losses. Consequently, this paper proposes ex-ante contracted profit sharing principles that can attract the services to the change. The problem is modeled and Security improvement is discussed as an example to describe this approach.

What Is to Be Done?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Alexander Hamilton ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Good Government ◽  
The Times

This chapter argues that the bottom-up tools developed by Progressives to generate and register the interests of the public have not kept up with the times. Progressives must now move beyond the innovations that their predecessors have successfully entrenched in the living Constitution. Without renewed critique and reconstruction, it is all too likely that these earlier achievements will degenerate into farce or tragedy. Like it or not, we face the very same issue posed by Alexander Hamilton in Federalist 1: “It seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force”.

scholarly journals Revolutionary Socialist Internationalism: Rank-and-File Reaction in the USPD

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Historical Accounts

Historical accounts of the First, Second and Third Internationals, i.e., those organizations that attempted to realize some sort of supranational working-class solidarity, have traditionally been presented in terms of congresses, programs and personalities. Invariably scholars have focused on the public and private debates at this or that international meeting and/or how Marx, Engels, Lenin or some other leading figure influenced or reacted to some specific development. In short, the history of the International has been looked at almost exclusively from the “top down”. There is not anything wrong with this approach per se, but it might be of some value to consider, occasionally at least, the people whom the various Internationals were supposed to be serving, in other words to examine the International not only from the “top down” but also from the “bottom up”.

scholarly journals The Third-Party Revocation Action System: Status Quo, Theoretical Controversy and Improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Zheni Liang
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Rights And Interests ◽  
The Third Party

The third-party revocation action is a new system established in the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China of 2012. Although the academic community is quite controversial, it is undeniable that due to the increasing use of the judicial system to infringe on the rights and interests of others. For example, infringement of the lawful rights and interests of the parties or third parties through false litigation, malicious litigation, imposing litigation, etc., the third-party revocation action as a system that can effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of third parties outside the case has great practical significance in China. Therefore, how to better understand and apply the third-party revocation system has become a problem that must be paid attention to by the current theoretical and practical circles. On the basis of introducing the system of revocation of the third party in China, the article discusses the existing problems such as the scope of the parties, the litigation procedure and the application of similar procedures.The article proposes that the third party with independent claim and the third party without independent claim should be brought into the scope of the third-party revocation action’s subject. As for the choice of the procedure, the procedure of first instance should be applied to the trial of the third-party revocation action. When a lawsuit and an application for retrial by an outsider can be applied simultaneously, the litigant can only be allowed to choose one procedure. If the litigant simultaneously initiates a lawsuit for cancellation by a third party and the outsider applies for retrial, the third-party revocation action shall be applied preferentially.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATE AND PUBLIC CONTROL OF THE ELECTION PROCESS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Nataliіa Chudyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Public Control ◽  
The People ◽  
Election Process ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government

During the years of independence, Ukraine has undergone certain processes that have led tochanges in the relationship between government and society. These changes were not alwayspositive. State power had a high level of authority in the eyes of the Ukrainian people. The majorityof the population does not believe in the objectivity of the results of the people’s will, which, infact, stimulates interest and shows the importance of public control over the election process.The purpose of the article – is to study the correlation of the state and public control over thesuffrage of Ukraine and its influence on the formation and development of civil society.The methodological basis of the study were general scientific and special legal methods ofcognition. Among the general scientific methods used is the method of philosophical dialectics,which is revealed through the methods of analysis and synthesis, ascent from simple to complex,from abstract to concrete, modeling, abstraction, idealization and formalization.Despite the expansion of opportunities to influence the future of the country through the free willof the people, the importance and effectiveness of public control faces a number of obstacles. Forexample, the presence of underdeveloped civil society, the lack of a prescribed mechanism for publiccontrol, political indifference of citizens, the negative impact of bureaucratic manifestations – allthis and many other factors together have a negative impact on the development of civil societyand effective control for the election process. But a rather significant shortcoming in the way ofits development is the lack of scientific research on this issue.As a result of the research, it was found that through election procedures it is possible to bestbalance and reconcile the interests of political elites, social classes, groups of the whole society,to bring the government closer to the needs of the people. The public sector plays a positive role in the processes of stabilization and harmonization of relations in society and the electoral processin particular. Public control as a social phenomenon is impossible without the formation of afavorable environment for its full and effective functioning, ie without a developed civil society.The article concludes that election control can be effective only when it is carried out by anindependent third party, in our case – civil society in relation to public authorities and localgovernments, which are directly involved in ensuring the preparation and conduct of the electionprocess. Many years of international and national experience clearly show that the lack or lowlevel of public control over the electoral process and excessive state control ultimately lead tousurpation of power and falsification of election results.

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