Infection Pattern of Mayaro Virus in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Transmission Potential of the Virus in Mixed Infections With Chikungunya Virus

Abstract Recurrence of local transmission of Zika virus in Puerto Rico is a major public health risk to the United States, where mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes mediovittatus (Coquillett) are abundant. To determine the extent to which Ae. mediovittatus are capable of transmitting Zika virus and the influence of viremia, we evaluated infection and transmission in Ae. mediovittatus and Ae. aegypti from Puerto Rico using serial dilutions of infectious blood. Higher doses of infectious blood resulted in greater infection rates in both mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti females were up to twice as susceptible to infection than Ae. mediovittatus, indicating a more effective midgut infection barrier in the latter mosquito species. Aedes aegypti exhibited higher disseminated infection (40–95%) than Ae. mediovittatus (<5%), suggesting a substantial midgut escape barrier in Ae. mediovittatus. For Ae. aegypti, transmission rates were low over a range of doses of Zika virus ingested, suggesting substantial salivary gland barriers.

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Inactivation and Removal of Chikungunya Virus and Mayaro Virus from Plasma-derived Medicinal Products

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11030234 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 234 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Constanze Yue ◽

Sebastian Teitz ◽

Tomoyuki Miyabashi ◽

Klaus Boller ◽

Lia Lewis-Ximenez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Heat Inactivation ◽

Medicinal Products ◽

Emerging Viruses ◽

Viral Inactivation ◽

Detergent Treatment ◽

Mayaro Virus ◽

Almost All ◽

Product Industry

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) are closely related members of the Semliki Forest complex within the genus alphavirus and are transmitted by arthropods, causing acute febrile illness in humans. CHIKV has spread to almost all continents, whereas autochthonous MAYV infections have been reported in South America and in the Caribbean. Nevertheless, there was concern about potential spread of MAYV to other regions similar to CHIKV in the past. The risk for transmission of emerging viruses by blood transfusion and the safety of plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs) are constant concerns. The manufacturing processes of PDMPs include procedures to inactivate/remove viruses. Methods: In this study, we investigated the reduction of MAYV and CHIKV by heat inactivation in various matrices, solvent/detergent treatment and nanofiltration. Results: Unexpectedly, MAYV was significantly more resistant to heat and solvent/detergent treatment compared to CHIKV. However, being similar in size, both MAYV and CHIKV were removed below the detection limit by 35 nm virus filters. Conclusions: The inactivation profiles of different alphavirus members vary considerably, even within the Semliki Forest Complex. However, robust dedicated viral inactivation/removal procedures commonly used in the plasma product industry are effective in inactivating or removing MAYV and CHIKV.

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Chikungunya: epidemiology

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.7171.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 82 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Lyle R. Petersen ◽

Ann M. Powers

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Temperate Climates

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes fever and debilitating joint pains in humans. Joint pains may last months or years. It is vectored primarily by the tropical and sub-tropical mosquito, Aedes aegypti, but is also found to be transmitted by Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species that can also be found in more temperate climates. In recent years, the virus has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health menace affecting millions of persons throughout the tropical and sub-tropical world and, as such, has also become a frequent cause of travel-associated febrile illness. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the biological and sociological underpinnings of its emergence and its future global outlook.

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Sequential Infection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes with Chikungunya Virus and Zika Virus Enhances Early Zika Virus Transmission

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects9040177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 177 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tereza Magalhaes ◽

Alexis Robison ◽

Michael Young ◽

William Black ◽

Brian Foy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Blood Meal ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Molecular Aspects ◽

Virus Interactions ◽

Sequential Infection

In urban settings, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue viruses are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since these viruses co-circulate in several regions, coinfection in humans and vectors may occur, and human coinfections have been frequently reported. Yet, little is known about the molecular aspects of virus interactions within hosts and how they contribute to arbovirus transmission dynamics. We have previously shown that Aedes aegypti exposed to chikungunya and Zika viruses in the same blood meal can become coinfected and transmit both viruses simultaneously. However, mosquitoes may also become coinfected by multiple, sequential feeds on single infected hosts. Therefore, we tested whether sequential infection with chikungunya and Zika viruses impacts mosquito vector competence. We exposed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes first to one virus and 7 days later to the other virus and compared infection, dissemination, and transmission rates between sequentially and single infected groups. We found that coinfection rates were high after sequential exposure and that mosquitoes were able to co-transmit both viruses. Surprisingly, chikungunya virus coinfection enhanced Zika virus transmission 7 days after the second blood meal. Our data demonstrate heterologous arbovirus synergism within mosquitoes, by unknown mechanisms, leading to enhancement of transmission under certain conditions.

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Human IFITM3 restricts Chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus infection and is susceptible to virus-mediated counteraction

10.1101/2020.09.11.292946 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sergej Franz ◽

Thomas Zillinger ◽

Fabian Pott ◽

Christiane Schüler ◽

Sandra Dapa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Protein S ◽

Human Cells ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Mayaro Virus ◽

The Impact

AbstractInterferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins restrict infection by enveloped viruses through interfering with membrane fusion and virion internalisation. The role of IFITM proteins during alphaviral infection of human cells and viral counteraction strategies remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the impact of IFITM proteins and variants on entry and spread of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) in human cells, and provide first evidence for a CHIKV-mediated antagonism of IFITM proteins. IFITM1, 2 and 3 restricted infection at the level of alphavirus glycoprotein-mediated entry, both in the context of direct infection and during cell-to-cell transmission. Relocalization of normally endosomal IFITM3 to the plasma membrane resulted in the loss of its antiviral activity. rs12252-C, a naturally occurring variant of IFITM3 that has been proposed to associate with severe influenza in humans, restricted CHIKV, MAYV and influenza A virus infection as efficiently as wild-type IFITM3. Finally, all antivirally active IFITM variants displayed reduced cell surface levels in CHIKV-infected cells involving a posttranscriptional process mediated by one or several non-structural protein(s) of CHIKV.

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Field- and clinically derived estimates of Wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus transmission potential in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1715788115 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 361-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Lauren B. Carrington ◽

Bich Chau Nguyen Tran ◽

Nhat Thanh Hoang Le ◽

Tai Thi Hue Luong ◽

Truong Thanh Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Field Testing ◽

Denv Infection ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Wild Type ◽

Transmission Potential ◽

Blood Meals ◽

Increased Susceptibility

The wMel strain of Wolbachia can reduce the permissiveness of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to disseminated arboviral infections. Here, we report that wMel-infected Ae. aegypti (Ho Chi Minh City background), when directly blood-fed on 141 viremic dengue patients, have lower dengue virus (DENV) transmission potential and have a longer extrinsic incubation period than their wild-type counterparts. The wMel-infected mosquitoes that are field-reared have even greater relative resistance to DENV infection when fed on patient-derived viremic blood meals. This is explained by an increased susceptibility of field-reared wild-type mosquitoes to infection than laboratory-reared counterparts. Collectively, these field- and clinically relevant findings support the continued careful field-testing of wMel introgression for the biocontrol of Ae. aegypti-born arboviruses.

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Serological Responses in Patients Infected with Mayaro Virus and Evaluation of Cross-Protective Responses against Chikungunya Virus

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0579 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nathen E. Bopp ◽

Kara J. Jencks ◽

Crystyan Siles ◽

Carolina Guevara ◽

Stalin Vilcarromero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

South America ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Neutralization Test ◽

Close Relative ◽

Previous Exposure ◽

Chikv Infection ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Mayaro Virus

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an alphavirus endemic to both Latin America and the Caribbean. Recent reports have questioned the ability of MAYV and its close relative, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), to generate cross-reactive, neutralizing antibodies to one another. Since CHIKV was introduced to South America in 2013, discerning whether individuals have cross-reactive antibodies or whether they have had exposures to both viruses previously has been difficult. Using samples obtained from people infected with MAYV prior to the introduction of CHIKV in the Americas, we performed neutralizing assays and observed no discernable neutralization of CHIKV by sera from patients previously infected with MAYV. These data suggest that a positive CHIKV neutralization test cannot be attributed to prior exposure to MAYV and that previous exposure to MAYV may not be protective against a subsequent CHIKV infection.

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