The Role of Physical Activity in Prevention and Treatment of Body Weight Gain in Adults

Abstract Objectives: We investigated associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at different intensities (moderate and vigorous or moderate-to-vigorous) and prospective weight gain in non-obese people. We also examined whether these associations were independent of other lifestyle factors and changes in muscle mass and whether they were age-dependent and changed over a person’s life course.Methods: The data were extracted from the Lifelines cohort study (N=52,498; 43.5% men) and excluded obese individuals (BMI>30kg/m2). We used the validated SQUASH questionnaire to estimate moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA; MET≥4), moderate (MPA; MET between 4 and 6.5) and vigorous PA (VPA; MET≥6.5). Body weight was objectively measured, and changes were standardized to a 4-year period. Separate analyses, adjusted for age, educational level, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and changes in creatinine excretion (a marker of muscle mass), were performed for men and women.Results: The average weight gain was +0.45±0.03 kg in women. Relative to each reference groups (No-MVPA, No-MPA and No-VPA), MVPA (Beta (95%CI): -0.34 kg (-0.56;-0.13)), MPA (-0.32 kg (-0.54;-0.10)) and VPA (-0.30 kg (-0.43;-0.18)) were associated with less gain in body weight in women after adjusting for potential confounders, described above. These associations were dose-dependent when physically active individuals were divided in tertiles. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the lowest, middle, and highest MVPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-MVPA’ were, respectively, -0.24 (-0.47;-0.02), -0.31 (-0.53;-0.08), and -0.38 (-0.61;-0.16) kg. The average weight gain in men was +0.13±0.03 kg, and only VPA, not MPA was associated with less body weight gain. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the VPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-VPA’ group were, respectively, -0.25 (-0.42;-0.09), -0.19 (-0.38;-0.01) and -0.20 (-0.38;-0.02) kg. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association was no longer significant in men. The potential benefits of leisure-time PA were age-stratified and mainly observed in younger adults (men: <35 years; women: <55 years). Moreover, occupational MVPA was not associated with favourable changes in body weight in males and females.Conclusion: Higher leisure-time MVPA, MPA, and VPA were associated with less weight gain in women <55 years. In younger men (<35 years), only VPA was associated with less weight gain.

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Neuroregulation of nonexercise activity thermogenesis and obesity resistance

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00095.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (3) ◽

pp. R699-R710 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Catherine M. Kotz ◽

Jennifer A. Teske ◽

Charles J. Billington

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Mechanistic Explanation ◽

The Body ◽

Current Status ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Spontaneous Physical Activity

High levels of spontaneous physical activity in lean people and the nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) derived from that activity appear to protect lean people from obesity during caloric challenge, while obesity in humans is characterized by dramatically reduced spontaneous physical activity. We have similarly demonstrated that obesity-resistant rats have significantly greater spontaneous physical activity than obesity-prone rats, and that spontaneous physical activity predicts body weight gain. Although the energetic cost of activity varies between types of activity and may be regulated, individual level of spontaneous physical activity is important in determining propensity for obesity. We review the current status of knowledge about the brain mechanisms involved in controlling the level of spontaneous physical activity and the NEAT so generated. Focus is on potential neural mediators of spontaneous physical activity and NEAT, including orexin A (also known as hypocretin 1), agouti-related protein, ghrelin, and neuromedin U, in addition to brief mention of neuropeptide Y, corticotrophin releasing hormone, cholecystokinin, estrogen, leptin, and dopamine effects on spontaneous physical activity. We further review evidence that strain differences in orexin stimulation pathways for spontaneous physical activity and NEAT appear to track with the body weight phenotype, thus providing a potential mechanistic explanation for reduced activity and weight gain.

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Physical activity and 4-year changes in body weight in 52,498 non-obese people: The Lifelines Cohort

10.21203/rs.2.21886/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oyuntugs Byambasukh ◽

Petra Vinke ◽

Daan Kromhout ◽

Gerjan Navis ◽

Eva Corpeleijn

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Average Weight ◽

Obese People ◽

Physically Active ◽

Younger Men ◽

Average Weight Gain

Abstract Objectives: We investigated associations between daily-life physical activity (PA) and prospective weight gain in non-obese people. We also examined whether these associations were independent of other lifestyle factors and changes in muscle mass and whether they were age-dependent and changed over a person’s life course. Methods: The data were extracted from the Lifelines cohort study (N=52,498; 43.5% men) and excluded obese individuals (BMI>30kg/m 2 ). We used the validated SQUASH questionnaire to estimate moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA; MET≥4), moderate (MPA; MET between 4 and 6.5) and vigorous PA (VPA; MET≥6.5) within non-occupational (commuting and leisure) and occupational domains. Body weight was objectively measured and changes were standardized to a 4-year period. Separate analyses, adjusted for age, educational level, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and changes in creatinine excretion (a marker of muscle mass), were performed for men and women. Results: The average weight gain was +0.45±0.03 kg in women. Relative to each reference groups (No-MVPA, No-MPA and No-VPA), non-occupational MVPA (Beta (95%CI): -0.34 kg (-0.56;-0.13)), MPA (-0.32 kg (-0.54;-0.10)) and VPA (-0.30 kg (-0.43;-0.18)) were associated with less gain in body weight in women after adjusting for potential confounders, described above. These associations were dose-dependent when physically active individuals were divided in tertiles. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the lowest, middle, and highest MVPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-MVPA’ were, respectively, -0.24 (-0.47;-0.02), -0.31 (-0.53;-0.08), and -0.38 (-0.61;-0.16) kg. The average weight gain in men was +0.13±0.03 kg, and only non-occupational VPA was associated with less body weight gain. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the VPA tertiles relative to the ‘No-VPA’ group were, respectively, -0.25 (-0.42;-0.09), -0.19 (-0.38;-0.01) and -0.20 (-0.38;-0.02) kg. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association was no longer significant in men. The potential benefits of non-occupational PA were age-stratified and mainly observed in younger adults (men: <35 years; women: <55 years). Moreover, occupational MVPA was not associated with favourable changes in body weight in males and females. Conclusion: Higher non-occupational MVPA, MPA, and VPA were associated with less weight gain in women <55 years. In younger men (<35 years), only non-occupational VPA was associated with less weight gain.

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Dorsomedial hypothalamic BDNF neurons integrate thermal afferent signals to control energy expenditure

10.1101/2021.04.11.439314 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wei L Shen ◽

Hongbin Sun ◽

Qian Zhou ◽

Hao Bian ◽

Mengting Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Dorsomedial Hypothalamus ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Thermoregulatory System ◽

Bdnf Signaling

Mutations in the gene brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) cause obesity in humans. BDNF signaling and its expressing neurons in the hypothalamus help control feeding, energy expenditure (EE), and physical activity. However, whether the BDNF neurons interact with another EE-regulating system, the thermoregulation circuitry, remains unclear. Here, we show that BDNF neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) are activated by environmental cooling and sufficient to induce body temperature increases and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Conversely, blocking these neurons impairs BAT thermogenesis and cold defense, causing body weight gain and glucose intolerance. DMH BDNF neurons are therefore an important type of thermoregulatory neuron, integrating thermal afferent signals to control EE during cold defense. This reveals a critical intersection between the BDNF circuitry and the thermoregulatory system.

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Abstract 456: Comparative Effects of Angiotensinogen versus Renin Inhibition on Established Atherosclerosis and Obesity in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.33.suppl_1.a456 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Anju Balakrishnan ◽

Deborah A Howatt ◽

Hong Lu ◽

Mark J Graham ◽

Adam E Mullick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Critical Role ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Renin Inhibition

Background and Objective The renin angiotensin system plays a critical role in atherosclerosis. Inhibition of angiotensinogen (AGT) or renin prevents atherosclerosis. AGT inhibition also ablates diet induced obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of AGT and renin inhibition on established atherosclerosis and obesity. Methods and Results To determine the role of AGT, male LDL receptor -/- mice were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 12 weeks to establish atherosclerosis (N=80). Body weight increased about 1 g/week in the 12-week duration. Twenty mice were then terminated to assess baseline atherosclerosis, and the remaining mice were randomly grouped to administer either control- or AGT-antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) (50 mg/kg/week ip; N=20/group) for 12 weeks. To determine the role of renin inhibition, male LDL receptor -/- mice were fed the same fat-enriched diet for 16 weeks (N=55). Mean body weight gain was about 1 g/week. Twenty-one mice were terminated to assess baseline atherosclerosis, and the remaining mice were randomly grouped to infuse either PBS (N=24) or aliskiren (12.5 mg/kg/d; N=10) for 12 weeks. Inhibition of AGT or renin significantly decreased systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerotic lesions were quantified in the aortic arch. Inhibition of either AGT or renin attenuated the rogression of atherosclerosis as compared to their relative controls (P=0.047 and P≤0.001, respectively), whereas neither mode of inhibition regressed atherosclerosis compared to their respective baseline. Renin inhibition did not influence the fat diet-induced body weight gain. Surprisingly, inhibition of AGT not only abolished body weight gain, but also led to pronounced loss of body weight (baseline versus 12-week injection of AGT-ASO: 36.0±0.8 versus 32.2±0.9 g; P<0.001). Echo MRI analyses demonstrated that the lower body weight in mice administered AGT-ASO was attributed to less fat mass, while lean mass was comparable between control-ASO and AGT-ASO groups. Conclusions Inhibition of either AGT or renin attenuated the continued development of atherosclerosis. Inhibition of AGT also profoundly reduced body weight. This highlights a disparity between the two modes of RAS inhibition.

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Influence of Nutrition and Genetics on Performance: A Pilot Study in a Group of Gymnasts

Human Movement ◽

10.1515/humo-2017-0029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Alessandra Amato ◽

Alessia Sacco ◽

Alessandra Macchiarella ◽

Valentina Contrò ◽

Emilia Sabatino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Sports Performance ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Encoding Gene

AbstractPurpose. Energy requirements in sports performance are affected by numerous factors: physical characteristics, age, genetic basis, sports discipline. The Food and Nutrition Board recommended nutrition based on age, height, and body weight gain in relation to physical activity. Some genetic factors, such as the PPAR-encoding gene, play a key role in metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of specific snacks on performance. Methods. Seventeen girls aged 10-14 years practising artistic gymnastics were enrolled. A carb or protein/carb snack was provided before the training, and a questionnaire was administered at the end. In addition, saliva samples were collected for genetic analyses. Results. Most girls represented the CC genotype (65%), while a small part had the GC (23%) and GG (12%). The average BMI equalled 20.05 ± 2.8 kg/m

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Eating habits associated with body weight gain in female university students

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-10-2016-0495 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 119 (12) ◽

pp. 2571-2582 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eleanor Sprake ◽

Jacquie Lavin ◽

Peter Grabowski ◽

Jean Russell ◽

Megan Featherstone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Frequent Consumption

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore factors associated with body weight gain among British university students who were members of a slimming club. Design/methodology/approach Student members of a national commercial slimming programme completed an online survey about cooking ability, weight gain, eating habits and physical activity levels. Non-parametric statistical tests and regression analysis were employed to examine factors associated with weight gain. Findings The data set comprised 272 current students. The majority of students (67 per cent) reported weight gain between 3.2 and 12.7 kg during studying in university: 20.4 per cent reported to have gained >12.7 kg. Students commonly attributed their weight gain to academic stress and nearly all identified with needing support to learn to cook on a budget. Students reporting greatest weight gain had most frequent consumption of ready meals & convenience foods, take-away & fast foods and least frequent consumption of fruits & vegetables. Weight-stable students reported lowest consumption of alcohol and were most able to cook complex meals. Students who reported greatest weight gain reported lower physical activity levels. There were inter-correlations between cooking ability and lifestyle factors. In a multivariate model, low physical activity and frequent consumption of ready meals and convenience food independently predicted weight gain. Weight gain was inversely associated with diet quality, cooking ability and physical activity with reliance on ready meals & convenience food and low physical activity particularly important. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these cross-sectional associations and to explore how the university setting may contribute to the effect. Originality/value The study adds additional perspective to understanding student weight gain at university in that it focuses on a body weight-conscious sub-group of the student population, as opposed to the general population of students.

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Cyproheptadine as Growth Promoter In Broiler Chickens

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v27i1.1109 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

Tahani S. S. AL-Azawi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Total Protein ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Very High

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride is a very high potent histamine and serotonine antagonist. This study was conducted to investigate the role of cyproheptadine on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, serum total protein, cholesterol and glucose. Red blood cells (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and differential leukocytic count in blood of chickens were also estimated. A total of 60 one-day-old Fabro chicks were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group was received cyproheptadine at a rate of 10 ug / 100g body weight daily for eight weeks and the second group was used as a control. The results revealed that cyproheptadine could stimulate feed intake and improve body weight gain in chickens. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and PCV where increased significantly in these chickens accompanied by an increase in percentage of lymphocytes with a significant decrease in percentage of heterophiles and H / L ratio. This drug also reduces the total protein, cholesterol and glucose in serum.

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Role of ficus carica Leaves Extract in Treatment of Hypothyroidism

Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.29196/jubpas.v26i10.1883 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 257-272

Author(s):

Abbas Abed Sharhan ◽

Kareem H. Rasheed

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Fourth Group ◽

The Third ◽

Group I

This study was conducted to demonstrate the role of alcoholic extract from ficus carica leaves in the treatment of hypothyroidism disease which induced by carbimazole drug. Forty male rats were divided into five groups, eight for each . group I selected as negative control and administered orally with normal saline alone, group II served as positive control and treated by carbimazole anti-thyroid drug for six weeks , group III was treated by plant extract (500 mg /kg, bw) for six weeks, the fourth group IV was treated by carbimazole drug (5 mg) for six week to induce hypothyroidism and then treated by plant extract (500 mg /kg , bw) , and the fifth V group was treated by thyroxin drug (100 mg) for six week instead of plant extract. The results showed insignificant differences (P<0.05) in body weight gain in the fourth group ( carbimazole and plant extract) when compared with the first group (normal saline alone), second group (carbimazole alone), third group (plant extract alone , while the results demonstrated that a significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight gain when compared with fifth groups (carbimazole and thyroxine). While the results revealed insignificant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of T3 and T4 in the fourth (carbimazole & plant extract), fifth groups (carbimazole & thyroxin drug ) and the third group (plant extract alone) when compared with the first group ( normal saline alone ), but there was a significant increase (P<0.05) when compared with the second group (carbimazole alone) , in addition the results indicated a significant decrease (P<0.05) when compared with the third group, Furthermore, the results revealed insignificant difference (P<0.05) in TSH concentration in the fourth (carbimazole & plant extract), fifth groups (carbimazole & thyroxin drug) and the third group (plant extract alone) when compared with the first group (normal saline alone) , also the data showed a significant decrease(P<0.05) when compared with the second group (carbimazole alone). In conclusion, it is possible to use methanolic plant extract from ficus carica leaves in the regulation of hypothyroidism due to the presence of phytochemical components that can affect the mechanism of T3 and T4 production by the thyroid gland.

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