Effect of post-neonatal thymectomy on body weight gain in Swiss mice: The role of regulatory T-cells and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus

Background and Objective: Ovarian hormone loss is associated with an increased incidence of hypertension, body weight (BW) gain and inflammation. Since BW gain is also associated with an increased incidence of hypertension, it has been difficult to separate the role of the immune system in hypertension from BW gain. Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats gain BW after ovariectomy; however, only the DS rat becomes hypertensive. In this study, we took advantage of the DS/ DR model to determine which T cell genes are associated with hypertension induced by ovarian hormone loss-independently of body weight gain. Methods and Analysis: DS and DR rats (1 month) were either ovariectomized (OVX) or subjected to sham surgery (Sham). At 4 months of age, a microarray analysis was conducted on isolated splenic T-cells from these 4 groups and differential expression was confirmed by real-time PCR. Results: In contrast to DR rats which remain normotensive, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly increased by 14 mm Hg in DS rats after ovariectomy [MAP (mmHg): DS-OVX, 143 ± 3.4 vs DS-Sham, 129 ± 9.4; n=10-11/group; p=0.0002; DR-OVX, 123 ± 15 vs DR-Sham, 126 ± 4.8; n=11-12/group; ns]. Both rat strains, however, exhibited a similar 17-20% increase in BW after ovariectomy compared to sham treatment [BW (g): DS-OVX, 372 ± 34 vs. DS-Sham, 308 ± 13; n=6-7/group; p<0.05; DR-OVX, 323 ± 22 vs, DR-Sham, 276 ± 49; n=7/group; p<0.05]. Microarray analysis suggested that among many others, the genes GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and Engulfment Adaptor PTB Domain Containing 1 (GULP1) were specifically associated with resistance or susceptibility to hypertension induced by ovarian hormone loss. Real-time PCR confirmed that GCH1 and GULP1 were selectively elevated by ovariectomy in DS but not DR splenic T cells. Conclusion: GCH1 and GULP1 play a role in hypertension associated with ovarian hormone loss independently of BW gain, which has implications for women with ovarian hormone deficiency due to premature ovarian failure or elective oophorectomy.

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The Role of Physical Activity in Prevention and Treatment of Body Weight Gain in Adults

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/132.12.3826s ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 132 (12) ◽

pp. 3826S-3829S ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

John M. Jakicic

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Prevention And Treatment

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus reduces energy intake

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00011.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 293 (3) ◽

pp. R1003-R1012 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

ChuanFeng Wang ◽

Eric Bomberg ◽

Charles Billington ◽

Allen Levine ◽

Catherine M. Kotz

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Bdnf Mrna ◽

Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus

Recent studies show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreases feeding and body weight after peripheral and ventricular administration. BDNF mRNA and protein, and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) are widely distributed in the hypothalamus and other brain regions. However, there are few reports on specific brain sites of actions for BDNF. We evaluated the effect of BDNF in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on feeding. BDNF injected unilaterally or bilaterally into the PVN of food-deprived and nondeprived rats significantly decreased feeding and body weight gain within the 0- to 24-h and 24- to 48-h postinjection intervals. Effective doses producing inhibition of feeding behavior did not establish a conditioned taste aversion. PVN BDNF significantly decreased PVN neuropeptide Y (NPY)-induced feeding at 1, 2, and 4 h following injection. BDNF administration in the PVN abolished food-restriction-induced NPY gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. In conclusion, BDNF in the PVN significantly decreases food intake and body weight gain, suggesting that the PVN is an important site of action for BDNF in its effects on energy metabolism. Furthermore, BDNF appears to interact with NPY in its anorectic actions, although a direct effect on NPY remains to be established.

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Abstract 456: Comparative Effects of Angiotensinogen versus Renin Inhibition on Established Atherosclerosis and Obesity in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.33.suppl_1.a456 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Anju Balakrishnan ◽

Deborah A Howatt ◽

Hong Lu ◽

Mark J Graham ◽

Adam E Mullick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Critical Role ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Renin Inhibition

Background and Objective The renin angiotensin system plays a critical role in atherosclerosis. Inhibition of angiotensinogen (AGT) or renin prevents atherosclerosis. AGT inhibition also ablates diet induced obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of AGT and renin inhibition on established atherosclerosis and obesity. Methods and Results To determine the role of AGT, male LDL receptor -/- mice were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 12 weeks to establish atherosclerosis (N=80). Body weight increased about 1 g/week in the 12-week duration. Twenty mice were then terminated to assess baseline atherosclerosis, and the remaining mice were randomly grouped to administer either control- or AGT-antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) (50 mg/kg/week ip; N=20/group) for 12 weeks. To determine the role of renin inhibition, male LDL receptor -/- mice were fed the same fat-enriched diet for 16 weeks (N=55). Mean body weight gain was about 1 g/week. Twenty-one mice were terminated to assess baseline atherosclerosis, and the remaining mice were randomly grouped to infuse either PBS (N=24) or aliskiren (12.5 mg/kg/d; N=10) for 12 weeks. Inhibition of AGT or renin significantly decreased systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerotic lesions were quantified in the aortic arch. Inhibition of either AGT or renin attenuated the rogression of atherosclerosis as compared to their relative controls (P=0.047 and P≤0.001, respectively), whereas neither mode of inhibition regressed atherosclerosis compared to their respective baseline. Renin inhibition did not influence the fat diet-induced body weight gain. Surprisingly, inhibition of AGT not only abolished body weight gain, but also led to pronounced loss of body weight (baseline versus 12-week injection of AGT-ASO: 36.0±0.8 versus 32.2±0.9 g; P<0.001). Echo MRI analyses demonstrated that the lower body weight in mice administered AGT-ASO was attributed to less fat mass, while lean mass was comparable between control-ASO and AGT-ASO groups. Conclusions Inhibition of either AGT or renin attenuated the continued development of atherosclerosis. Inhibition of AGT also profoundly reduced body weight. This highlights a disparity between the two modes of RAS inhibition.

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Cyproheptadine as Growth Promoter In Broiler Chickens

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v27i1.1109 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

Tahani S. S. AL-Azawi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Total Protein ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Very High

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride is a very high potent histamine and serotonine antagonist. This study was conducted to investigate the role of cyproheptadine on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, serum total protein, cholesterol and glucose. Red blood cells (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and differential leukocytic count in blood of chickens were also estimated. A total of 60 one-day-old Fabro chicks were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group was received cyproheptadine at a rate of 10 ug / 100g body weight daily for eight weeks and the second group was used as a control. The results revealed that cyproheptadine could stimulate feed intake and improve body weight gain in chickens. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and PCV where increased significantly in these chickens accompanied by an increase in percentage of lymphocytes with a significant decrease in percentage of heterophiles and H / L ratio. This drug also reduces the total protein, cholesterol and glucose in serum.

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Role of ficus carica Leaves Extract in Treatment of Hypothyroidism

Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.29196/jubpas.v26i10.1883 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 257-272

Author(s):

Abbas Abed Sharhan ◽

Kareem H. Rasheed

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Fourth Group ◽

The Third ◽

Group I

This study was conducted to demonstrate the role of alcoholic extract from ficus carica leaves in the treatment of hypothyroidism disease which induced by carbimazole drug. Forty male rats were divided into five groups, eight for each . group I selected as negative control and administered orally with normal saline alone, group II served as positive control and treated by carbimazole anti-thyroid drug for six weeks , group III was treated by plant extract (500 mg /kg, bw) for six weeks, the fourth group IV was treated by carbimazole drug (5 mg) for six week to induce hypothyroidism and then treated by plant extract (500 mg /kg , bw) , and the fifth V group was treated by thyroxin drug (100 mg) for six week instead of plant extract. The results showed insignificant differences (P<0.05) in body weight gain in the fourth group ( carbimazole and plant extract) when compared with the first group (normal saline alone), second group (carbimazole alone), third group (plant extract alone , while the results demonstrated that a significant increase (P<0.05) in body weight gain when compared with fifth groups (carbimazole and thyroxine). While the results revealed insignificant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of T3 and T4 in the fourth (carbimazole & plant extract), fifth groups (carbimazole & thyroxin drug ) and the third group (plant extract alone) when compared with the first group ( normal saline alone ), but there was a significant increase (P<0.05) when compared with the second group (carbimazole alone) , in addition the results indicated a significant decrease (P<0.05) when compared with the third group, Furthermore, the results revealed insignificant difference (P<0.05) in TSH concentration in the fourth (carbimazole & plant extract), fifth groups (carbimazole & thyroxin drug) and the third group (plant extract alone) when compared with the first group (normal saline alone) , also the data showed a significant decrease(P<0.05) when compared with the second group (carbimazole alone). In conclusion, it is possible to use methanolic plant extract from ficus carica leaves in the regulation of hypothyroidism due to the presence of phytochemical components that can affect the mechanism of T3 and T4 production by the thyroid gland.

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SRC1 deficiency in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus increases appetite and body weight

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-18-0075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Qianqian Lu ◽

Yuying Yang ◽

Sheng Jia ◽

Shaoqiang Zhao ◽

Bin Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽

Arcuate Nucleus ◽

Steroid Receptors ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Appetite Regulation ◽

Direct Role ◽

Study Results ◽

Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus

Appetite is tightly controlled by neural and hormonal signals in animals. In general, steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1) enhances steroid hormone signalling in energy balance and serves as a common coactivator of several steroid receptors, such as oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. However, the key roles of SRC1 in energy balance remain largely unknown. We first confirmed that SRC1 is abundantly expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), which is a critical centre for regulating feeding and energy balance; it is further co-localised with agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Interestingly, local SRC1 expression changes with the transition between sufficiency and deficiency of food supply. To identify its direct role in appetite regulation, we repressed SRC1 expression in the hypothalamic ARC using lentivirus shRNA and found that SRC1 deficiency significantly promoted food intake and body weight gain, particularly in mice fed with a high-fat diet. We also found the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway due to SRC1 deficiency. Thus, our results suggest that SRC1 in the ARC regulates appetite and body weight and that AMPK signalling is involved in this process. We believe that our study results have important implications for recognising the overlapping and integrating effects of several steroid hormones/receptors on accurate appetite regulation in future studies.

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Role of Nutrition in Body Weight Gain and Early Onset of Puberty and Sexual Maturity in (HF X Kankrej) Crossbred Heifers

International Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.5455/ijlr.20190712123201 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Arjan Dhami ◽

Kamlesh Hadiya ◽

Dinesh Chaudhari ◽

Pravin Lunagariya ◽

Nilesh Sarvaiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Early Onset ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Body Weight Gain

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Is Body Weight a Telltale of Preeclampsia?

Journal of SAFOG with DVD ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1487 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 179-181

Author(s):

Neha Kumari ◽

Kusum Dash ◽

Roopam Singh

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

South Asian ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Antenatal Clinic ◽

The Body ◽

Developed Country ◽

Maximum Proportion

ABSTRACT Introduction Increased body weight is a major epidemic for a developed country, and is also expanding to developing countries. It is measured as the body mass index (BMI). Control of body weight gain, where weight gain in adequate proportion is indicated, is a major challenge before, during, and after pregnancy. Aim To find out whether the increased value of BMI as measured at 20 to 24 weeks of gestation can be used to predict the development of preeclampsia. Objective To study the role of increased value of BMI in development of preeclampsia in normal pregnancies. Materials and methods A case—control retrospective study was conducted on pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of Bokaro General Hospital, Jharkhand, India. About 220 pregnant women, who attended the antenatal clinic, in 20 to 24 weeks of gestation, were included after proper written consent for study. Results About 220 patients were included in our study, who attended the antenatal clinic between 20th and 24th weeks of pregnancy. In our study, the maximum proportion of participants’ BMI ranges between 22 to 24 and 24 to 26 kg/m2. In our study, we found with increase of BMI value, the percentage of preeclampsia development increases. Conclusion In view of our results, counseling about body weight and its management should be known to the women before, during, and after pregnancy. How to cite this article Kumari N, Dash K, Singh R. Is Body Weight a Telltale of Preeclampsia? J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):179-181.

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