Planned Early Dispute Resolution Systems and Elements: Experiences and the Promise of Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilyara Nigmatullina
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
The Future

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak has severely impacted global business communities. Experts predict a tsunami of disputes. In this unprecedented situation, rational, cost-effective and quick dispute resolution is no more an option but a need. This need may be met by Planned Early Dispute Resolution (PEDR) and technological tools. Although the uptake of both has been slow so far, the current crisis may act as a catalyst for their more extensive use. This article starts with an overview of PEDR by addressing its definition, models, elements and use, among other aspects. It then investigates actual experiences of companies with PEDR systems and elements and discusses the effect that the companies’ shift to PEDR has on law firms. The article concludes by exploring how PEDR systems can benefit from the use of technological tools and how the interaction between technology and dispute resolution can contribute to shaping the future of the legal profession.

scholarly journals CoVID-19: Where We Are, What We Should Do and What We Should Learn

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Eppinger ◽  
Magnus Rueping
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Time Required

There were warnings before; nevertheless the current CoVID-19 pandemic took the world by surprise: within just four month, it conquered the globe and claimed over 200'000 lives. Unprecedented governmental actions put about half of the population under curfew or lock-down. The resulting economic meltdown is expected to eliminate globally 9’000’000’000’000 (9 trillion) USD in 2020 and 2021 alone, a value roughly the size of the yearly GDP of the world’s 150 smallest economies. The resulting crises might cause mass-unemployment and a hunger pandemic later this year. This Essay analyses current statistical data of the CoVID-19 pandemic to develop a guideline for a path through the crisis, minimizing both loss of lives and economic costs. Part 1 details the current situation; part 2 develops a small set of measures, allowing a near normal life until a future vaccination campaign has reached sufficient numbers of people; and part 3 provides some important lessons for the future beyond SARS-CoV-2. The Essay leads to the following key-messages: 1) The CoVID-19 pandemic will stay for at least two more years. This is the minimum time required for a vaccination campaign to reach sufficient numbers of people. 2) The crucial element to control the pandemic is keeping case numbers under the threshold required for a functional tracing, testing & isolation (TTI) strategy. That threshold differs from country to country and strongly depends on culture and the applied tracing technology as well as available testing capacities. 3) The economic burden of a TTI strategy is moderate while fatalities are also reduced. Hence, such an approach is strongly recommended. Its implementation requires a set of simple and cost-effective measures (see figure below), which in combination seem to be sufficient to keep CoVID-2’s reproductive rate at or below 1. 4) Implementing international coordination of actions will be necessary for effective infection-chain tracing5) If case numbers are above the TTI threshold, shutdown measures remain the only option until tracing of infection chains becomes feasible again.6) In the future, neglected pandemic-related research requires a funding boost. Just 1% of the bill of the current crisis could support the research of 45’000 scientist for 20 years.

10. Access to justice: paying for legal services

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-318
Author(s):  
Martin Partington
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
The Poor ◽  
New Ideas

This chapter focuses on how legal services, in particular litigation, to the less well off and the poor are paid for. It considers first the radically changed shape of the legal aid scheme and publicly funded legal services in recent years and then discusses the developments designed to control the costs of litigation. It summarizes new ideas for the funding of litigation and improving access to justice. It considers the contribution of the legal profession and approaches to re-engineering the system, finally asking whether new processes—alternatives to the courts—might be better at providing cost effective and proportionate dispute resolution services.

scholarly journals Black Phosphorus-Molybdenum Disulfide Hetero-Junctions Formed with Ink-Jet Printing for Potential Solar Cell Applications with Indium-Tin-Oxide

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Ravindra Ketan Mehta ◽  
Anupama Bhat Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Molybdenum Disulfide ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Jet Printing

In this work, we implemented liquid exfoliation to inkjet-print two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorous (BP) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) p–n heterojunctions on a standard indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate in a vertical architecture. We also compared the optical and electrical properties of the inkjet-printed BP layer with that of the MoS2 and the electrical properties of the mechanically exfoliated MoS2 with that of the inkjet-printed MoS2. We found significant differences in the optical characteristics of the inkjet-printed BP and MoS2 layers attributed to the differences in their underlying crystal structure. The newly demonstrated liquid exfoliated and inkjet-printed BP–MoS2 2D p–n junction was also compared with previous reports where mechanically exfoliated BP–MoS2 2D p–n junction were used. The electronic transport properties of mechanically exfoliated MoS2 membranes are typically better compared to inkjet-printed structures but inkjet printing offers a cost-effective and quicker way to fabricate heterostructures easily. In the future, the performance of inkjet-printed structures can be further improved by employing suitable contact materials, amongst other factors such as modifying the solvent chemistries. The architecture reported in this work has potential applications towards building solar cells with solution processed 2D materials in the future.

Law Librarianship and Legal Information Provision in the 21st Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this analysis of the future of our profession, Barbara Tearle starts by looking at the past to see how much the world of legal information has evolved and changed. She considers the nature of the profession today and then identifies key factors which she believes will be of importance in the future, including the impact of globalisation; the potential changes to the legal profession; technology; developments in legal education; increasing commercialisation and changes to the law itself.

Automotive Industry in BRIC Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
S. Afanas'ev ◽  
V. Kondrat’ev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Future ◽  
Assembly Operations

For the next decade, the future of the automotive industry lies in BRIC’ countries. Together, Brazil, Russia, India, and China will account for some 30 percent of world auto sales in 2014 while also offering significant opportunities for cost-effective R&D, sourcing, and manufacturing. The authors analyze the degree of localization of leading TNC and supplies in each BRIC country, for each function, compare localization across BRIC countries, assess the future development of these markets, compare local capabilities and resources, and identify particularly promising combinations of functions and countries. Key trends in developing countries include continuing liberalization and globalization, increased foreign investment and ownership, and the increasing importance of follow-source and follow-design forces. The article concerns the trends and factors of national automotive industry formation in BRIC countries. Special emphasis is made on localization of R&D activities, final assembly operations and components production by global automotive companies in BRIC countries. It systemizes the factors of investment opportunities of different developing markets. It is concluded that active state regulation is playing the principle role in localization and catching-up process in automotive industry in developing countries. The comparison of the automotive industry in BRIC countries allows shedding light on the economic processes of emergence at large. There is a stark contrast in the capacities of development of the sector in these countries. This contrast serves as an analyzer between the modes of sector opening and the paths of technological catching-up that is the core of the phenomenon of emergence. The analysis and best practices presented in the topic, while focusing on the BRIC countries, are applicable also to other rapidly developing economies.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Hole Transporting Material Free Mesoporous and Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1635
Author(s):  
Sumayya M. Abdulrahim ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Jolly Bahadra ◽  
Noora J. Al-Thani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hole Transporting Material

The future photovoltaic technologies based on perovskite materials are aimed to build low tech, truly economical, easily fabricated, broadly deployable, and trustworthy solar cells. Hole transport material (HTM) free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most likely architectures which hold a distinctive design and provide a simple way to produce large-area and cost-effective manufacture of PSCs. Notably, in the monolithic scheme of the HTM-free PSCs, all layers can be printed using highly reproducible and morphology-controlled methods, and this design has successfully been demonstrated for industrial-scale fabrication. In this review article, we comprehensively describe the recent advancements in the different types of mesoporous (nanostructured) and planar HTM-free PSCs. In addition, the effect of various nanostructures and mesoporous layers on their performance is discussed using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. We bring together the different perspectives that researchers have developed to interpret and analyze the EIS data of the HTM-free PSCs. Their analysis using the EIS tool, the limitations of these studies, and the future work directions to overcome these limitations to enhance the performance of HTM-free PSCs are comprehensively considered.

Deal Mediation: The Future of Alternative Dispute Resolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Claude Amar
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Deal Making

Während Mediation als eine exzellente Methode zur Beilegung bereits bestehender Streitigkeiten hinreichend bekannt ist, kann sie sich gerade als Mittel der Konfliktvermeidung als zumindest genauso nützlich erweisen. Obwohl Mediation in dieser Weise noch nicht breitenwirksam eingesetzt wird, sprechen starke Argumente dafür, Mediation nicht nur als Alternative zu etablierten Streitbeilegungsmethoden einzusetzen, sondern sie gezielt als frühes und vorbeugendes Mittel im Bereich des Deal Making zu nutzen. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, die Vorteile von Mediation in nicht-konventionellen Bereichen und gerade im Zusammenhang mit Deal Making und Deal Management hervorzueheben, und damit ihre weiterreichende Nutzung und Weiterentwicklung zu fördern.

The potential for a progressive paradigm shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
John McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Banking Crisis ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
The Future

The banking crisis and the pandemic have both demonstrated the potential for a progressive paradigm shift that could break with the hegemony of neoliberalism over Britain’s political economy. The Covid pandemic has demonstrated how many of the ideas and policies that formed the basis of the Labour Party manifestos of 2017 and 2019 are essential to tackling the current crisis of the pandemic and also for tackling the next crisis, which is the existential threat of climate change. For those on the left and progressives, the task is to discuss and plan the economy and society that will translate these lessons into a vision for the future of our society and into the concrete policy programme needed to achieve that vision. This article is based on a lecture given at the Marx Memorial Library on 23 June 2020 and we are pleased to reproduce it here.

Successful Circular Bio-Based Construction Initiatives: Five Essentials from Case Studies

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron Koster ◽  
Irene Schrotenboer
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Future ◽  
Product And Process

There are challenges surrounding circularity and the application of bio-based material in construction, but also potentials. This paper aims to identify success and fail factors for the initiation phase of construction projects and shows what is essential to realize affordable circular and bio-based. This was specifically investigated for initiators of construction projects, like real estate professionals, property owners and developers. Based on case studies, we describe what these actors should focus on and pursue before the actual construction starts. For the purpose of this paper, research was done and interviews were held with people involved in exemplary projects (case studies). The interviews focused on choices that were made during the initiation phase that were decisive for the degree of circularity and the extent to which bio-based materials were applied. Motivations and consequences were covered. We found that are five essentials for successful circular bio-based construction. These five essentials form the outline of this paper: 1. AFFORDABLE cost-effective & inclusive reuse; 2. FLEXIBLE prepare for future functions; 3. PASSIVE stay cool & healthy with bio-based materials; 4. INTEGRAL continuously reflect on circular bio-based benefits; 5. TRADITIONAL OWNERSHIP keep it, simple. In one case, all five essentials were put into practice, while in the other cases it was a combination of three or four essentials. The five essentials and cases in this paper can be used as inspiration for product and process and could help realize affordable and feasible circular bio-based constructions. By focusing on the essentials, initiators have guidance to prevent valuable resources (including energy) going to waste, today and in the future.

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