scholarly journals All-Flesh Tomato Regulated by Reduced Expression Dosage of AFF Through a Promoter SV Mutation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Kang Zhang ◽  
Jin Rui Bai ◽  
Jinghua Lu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Typical Characteristic ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Causal Gene ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Locule Tissue

Abstract The formation of locule gel is an important process in tomato and a typical characteristic of berry fruit. In this study, we collected a tomato natural mutant that produces all-flesh fruits (AFF) in which the locule tissue remains in a solid state during fruit development. We built genetic populations to fine-map the causal gene of the AFF trait and identified the gene AFF (SlMBP3) as the locus conferring the locule gel formation. We determined the causal mutation as a 416-bp deletion that occurred in the promoter region of AFF and reduced its expression dosage. The 416-bp sequence is highly conserved among Solanaceae species, as well as within the tomato germplasm. Furthermore, with the BC6 NIL materials, we revealed that the reduced expression dosage of AFF did not impact the normal development of seeds but produced unique non-liquefied locule tissue, which was distinct from that of normal tomatoes in terms of metabolic components. We further revealed the importance of AFF gene in locule tissue liquefaction through combined analysis using mRNA-seq and metabolomics. Our findings provide clues to investigate fruit type differentiation in Solanaceae crops and also contribute to the application of the AFF gene in tomato breeding programs.

scholarly journals Mating type, mefenoxam sensitivity, and pathotype diversity in Phytophthora infestans isolates from tomato in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Eduardo Cardozo de Miranda ◽  
Nelson Dias Suassuna ◽  
Ailton Reis
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Major Resistance Genes

The objective of this work was to characterize 79 Phytophthora infestans isolates collected in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fields, as to mating type, mefenoxam sensitivity, and pathotype composition. The isolates were sampled in 2006 and 2007 in seven Brazilian states as well as in the Distrito Federal. They were characterised as to mating type (n=79), sensitivity to fungicide mefenoxam (n=79), and virulence to three major resistance genes Ph-1, Ph-2, and Ph-3/Ph-4 (n=62). All isolates were of the mating type A1. Resistant isolates were detected in all sampled states, and its average frequency was superior to 50%. No difference was detected in pathotype diversity, neither between subpopulations collected in 2006 and 2007 nor between isolates grouped as resistant or intermediately sensitive to mefenoxam. All major resistance genes were overcome at different frequencies: Ph-1, 88.7%; Ph-2, 64.5%; and Ph-3/Ph-4, 25.8%. Isolates with virulence genes able to overcome all major resistance genes were detected at low frequencies. Tomato breeding programs in Brazil must avoid the development of cultivars with resistance based exclusively on major genes.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicus-lycopersici, Causal Organism of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato from Lycopersicon pennellii LA 1277

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 449D-449
Author(s):  
J.W. Scott ◽  
J.P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Lycopersicon pennellii accession LA 1277 was crossed to tomato (L. esculentum) and the F1 was backcrossed to tomato. Self-pollinated seed was saved from backcross plants and seedlings derived were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. radicus-lycopersici Jarvis and Shoemaker, the causal agent of Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR). Seed was saved from resistant plants that were self-pollinated and screened until homozygous resistance was verified five generations after the backcross. Three homozygous lines were crossed to Fla. 7547, a tomato breeding line susceptible to FCRR but resistant to Fusarium wilt races 1, 2, and 3. Subsequently, backcrosses were made to each parent and F2 seed were obtained. The three homozygous FCRR-resistant lines were also crossed to Ohio 89-1, which has a dominant gene for FCRR resistance presently being used in breeding programs. F2 seed were obtained from these crosses. These generations were inoculated with the FCRR pathogen. The resistant parents, F1, and backcross to the resistant parents were all healthy. The backcross to the susceptible parent and the F2 segregated healthy to susceptible plants in 1:1 and 3:1 ratios, respectively. Thus, the resistance from LA 1277 was inherited as a single dominant gene. This gene was different than the gene from Ohio 89-1 because susceptible segregants were detected in the F2 generation derived from the two resistant sources.

scholarly journals Tomato breeding for disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Gabriella Queiroz De Almeida ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Mariane Gonçalves Ferreira Copati ◽  
Felipe de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Manoel Coelho dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Tomato Breeding

In the genetic breeding of tomatoes, not only productivity, but also factors related to fruit quality and pest and disease management are taken into account. In this context, diseases stand out, since they are the main bottlenecks for successful cultivation. Currently, the search for more sustainable crops has demanded from producers’ alternatives to disease control to reduce the use of pesticides. Among the diseases that most reduce tomato production in Brazil, whether for table or industry, we can mention late blight, black spot, fusarium wilt, viruses, bacterial and nematode diseases. Genetic resistance, obtained by genetic breeding programs, is one of the best tools to deal with diseases to depend less on pesticides. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of tomato breeding programs in terms of resistance to the main diseases that affect this crop.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tolerance to Low Night Temperature Differ by Fruit Types and Sizes in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Sherzod Nigmatullaevich Rajaemtov ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
Won Byoung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Tomato Breeding

Low night temperature (LNT) can be a practical and economical target in tomato breeding programs in terms of energy saving in greenhouses. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological responses to LNT using four tomato accessions of cherry and large fruit types with LNT tolerance and sensitivity grown in two greenhouses with night temperature set-points of 10 and 15°C for heating. LNT significantly reduced plant height regardless of fruit types and LNT tolerance. The number of flowers were significantly reduced in 10°C in cherry but not in large fruit types. Fruit set in 10°C was significantly lower in LNT sensitive accessions than tolerant ones regardless of fruit types, which was due to abnormal flower morphology in 10°C. Proline accumulation patterns between 10 and 15°C significantly differed between fruit types as well as between LNT tolerant and sensitive accessions. Chlorophyll content in 10 °C was significantly higher at later growth stages in LNT tolerant accessions than sensitive ones in both fruit types. No clear difference in photosynthetic parameters was observed between fruit types or tolerance and sensitive accessions except for photosynthetic rate, which was significantly lower in tolerant than sensitive accessions during early growing period. These results suggest that different tomato fruit types may have different mechanisms for LNT tolerance.

scholarly journals Accelerating Tomato Breeding by Exploiting Genomic Selection Approaches

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Elisa Cappetta ◽  
Giuseppe Andolfo ◽  
Antonio Di Matteo ◽  
Amalia Barone ◽  
Luigi Frusciante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction

Genomic selection (GS) is a predictive approach that was built up to increase the rate of genetic gain per unit of time and reduce the generation interval by utilizing genome-wide markers in breeding programs. It has emerged as a valuable method for improving complex traits that are controlled by many genes with small effects. GS enables the prediction of the breeding value of candidate genotypes for selection. In this work, we address important issues related to GS and its implementation in the plant context with special emphasis on tomato breeding. Genomic constraints and critical parameters affecting the accuracy of prediction such as the number of markers, statistical model, phenotyping and complexity of trait, training population size and composition should be carefully evaluated. The comparison of GS approaches for facilitating the selection of tomato superior genotypes during breeding programs is also discussed. GS applied to tomato breeding has already been shown to be feasible. We illustrated how GS can improve the rate of gain in elite line selection, and descendent and backcross schemes. The GS schemes have begun to be delineated and computer science can provide support for future selection strategies. A new promising breeding framework is beginning to emerge for optimizing tomato improvement procedures.

Characterization of Spanish Tomatoes using Aroma Composition and Discriminant Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alonso ◽  
R. García-Aliaga ◽  
S. García-Martínez ◽  
J.J. Ruiz ◽  
A.A. Carbonell-Barrachina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Trained Panel ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Set Up

Nowadays, tomato breeders are trying to associate high fruit firmness, long shelf life, high disease resistance, and good flavor; however, breeding for sensory quality has been severely restricted up to date. In this study, a system specifically designed for the analysis of low amounts of material has been set up and tested to quantify the volatile aroma constituents of tomatoes. Ten volatile compounds with a major contribution to tomato aroma have been quantitatively determined in two traditional tomato types (Muchamiel and De la Pera) and one hybrid type (Odissea). Both traditional types presented higher intensities of tomato odor and aroma according to a trained panel and they were more accepted by a consumer panel than the hybrid tomatoes. The traditional tomatoes showed significantly higher contents of most of the volatiles studied. Significant differences among traditional and hybrid types were found and a mathematical model that successfully discriminated among tomato types was developed using only the concentrations of six volatile compounds: 3-methylbutanal, 1-penten-3-one, hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, and 2-isobutylthiazole. This mathematical model could help in using volatile determination as a possible tool in tomato breeding programs and in maintaining and improving traditional Spanish tomato cultivars.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tolerance to Low Night Temperature Differ by Fruit Types in Tomato

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Yang ◽  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Myeong-Cheoul Cho ◽  
Hyo-Bong Jeong ◽  
Won-Byoung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Tolerance to low night temperature (LNT) can be a practical and economical target in tomato breeding programs for energy saving in greenhouses. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses to LNT using four tomato accessions with cherry or large fruit types having LNT tolerance or sensitivity. The accessions were grown in two polyethylene film greenhouses with night temperature set-points of 10 and 15 °C for heating. LNT significantly reduced the plant height, and photosynthetic parameters were also lower in 10 than 15 °C among all accessions. Photosynthetic rate in 10 °C during the early growth period was reduced more in LNT-tolerant than -sensitive accessions. The numbers of flowers in 10 °C were significantly reduced in cherry but not in large fruit types. Fruit set in 10 °C significantly decreased in LNT-sensitive accessions of both fruit types, which was due to abnormal flower morphology. Proline accumulation patterns between 10 and 15 °C significantly differed between cherry and large fruit types as well as between LNT-tolerant and -sensitive accessions. Chlorophyll content at later growth stages in 10 °C was significantly higher in LNT-tolerant than -sensitive accessions in both fruit types. These results suggest that different tomato fruit types may have different mechanisms for LNT tolerance, possibly due to different proline accumulation patterns between cherry and large fruit types.

scholarly journals Applicability of ISAP, ISSR and SSR markers in tomato breeding programs

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
I. Pantchev ◽  
S. Aziz ◽  
F. Sarsu ◽  
N. Tomlekova
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Tomato Breeding

Domesticated crops are characterized by narrow genetic base reflecting one or more bottlenecks during millennia-long selection. As a result, current breeding programs are limited in available germplasm and are forced to deal with incremental improvements of yield, resistance, nutritional value, etc. Since the establishment of modern genetics and biotechnology, several new approaches have emerged to extend the genetic base and germplasm improvement. Among these methods, induced mutagenesis appeared as most useful conventional breeding tool. Although, its successful application currently requires good knowledge of modern molecular tools. In this paper we will make an attempt to overview SSR, ISSR and ISAP techniques as well as to offer examples of their application in tomato breeding programs.

scholarly journals All-Flesh Tomato Regulated by Reduced Dosage of AFF Provides New Insights into Berry Fruit Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Kang Zhang ◽  
JinRui Bai ◽  
Jinghua Lu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Node ◽  
Sequence Deletion ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Locule Tissue

ABSTRACTThe formation of locule gel is not only an important developmental process in tomato but also a typical characteristic of berry fruit. In this study, we collected a tomato material that produces all-flesh fruits (AFF), whose locule tissue remains in a solid state during fruit development. We built genetic populations to fine map the causal gene of AFF trait, investigate the function of AFF gene, and identified it as the causal locus conferring the locule gel formation. We determined the causal mutation as a 416-bp deletion that occurred in the promoter region of AFF, which reduces the expression dosage of AFF. The 416-bp deleted sequence has a high level of conservation among closely related Solanaceae species, as well as in the tomato population. The activity of the 416-bp deletion in down-regulating gene expression was further verified by the relative activity in a luciferase experiment. Furthermore, with the BC6 NIL materials, we reveal that the reduced expression dosage of AFF does not impact the normal development of seeds, while produces non-liquefied locule tissue, which is distinct from that of the normal tomatoes in terms of metabolic components. Based on these findings, we propose that the AFF gene is the core node in locule tissue liquefaction, whose function cannot be compensated by its paralogs TAG1, TAGL1, or TAGL11. Our findings provide clues to investigate fruit type differentiation among Solanaceae crops, and also contributes to the breeding application of all flesh fruit tomatoes for the tomato processing industry.One Sentence SummaryThe sequence deletion that occurred in the cis-regulatory region of AFF—the core node of locule tissue liquefaction determined here—reduced its expression dosage, and produced all flesh fruit tomato.

scholarly journals Resistance of tomato genotypes with high level of acylsugars to Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende ◽  
Wilson Roberto Maluf ◽  
Maria das Graças Cardoso ◽  
Marcos Ventura Faria ◽  
Luciano Donizete Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Evansi ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Arthropod Pest ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

The Lycopersicon pennellii accession LA716 has been used as a source of arthropod pest resistance in tomato breeding programs due the high contents of acylsugars presents in its leaflets. We investigated the relationship between high foliar acylsugar contents and repellence to spider mite Tetranychus evansi in plants with contrasting acylsugar levels, selected from F2 and BC1F2 (= F2 of the first backcross towards L. esculentum) generations derived from the interespecific cross L. esculentum 'TOM-584' <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> L. pennellii LA716. Mite resistance was assessed by a repellence test. Plants selected for high levels of acylsugars in leaflets had mite repellence levels similar to that of LA716. The high correlation confirmed the association between high acylsugar levels and mite repellence.

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