scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tolerance to Low Night Temperature Differ by Fruit Types in Tomato

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Yang ◽  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Myeong-Cheoul Cho ◽  
Hyo-Bong Jeong ◽  
Won-Byoung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Tolerance to low night temperature (LNT) can be a practical and economical target in tomato breeding programs for energy saving in greenhouses. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses to LNT using four tomato accessions with cherry or large fruit types having LNT tolerance or sensitivity. The accessions were grown in two polyethylene film greenhouses with night temperature set-points of 10 and 15 °C for heating. LNT significantly reduced the plant height, and photosynthetic parameters were also lower in 10 than 15 °C among all accessions. Photosynthetic rate in 10 °C during the early growth period was reduced more in LNT-tolerant than -sensitive accessions. The numbers of flowers in 10 °C were significantly reduced in cherry but not in large fruit types. Fruit set in 10 °C significantly decreased in LNT-sensitive accessions of both fruit types, which was due to abnormal flower morphology. Proline accumulation patterns between 10 and 15 °C significantly differed between cherry and large fruit types as well as between LNT-tolerant and -sensitive accessions. Chlorophyll content at later growth stages in 10 °C was significantly higher in LNT-tolerant than -sensitive accessions in both fruit types. These results suggest that different tomato fruit types may have different mechanisms for LNT tolerance, possibly due to different proline accumulation patterns between cherry and large fruit types.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tolerance to Low Night Temperature Differ by Fruit Types and Sizes in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Sherzod Nigmatullaevich Rajaemtov ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
Won Byoung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Tomato Breeding

Low night temperature (LNT) can be a practical and economical target in tomato breeding programs in terms of energy saving in greenhouses. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological responses to LNT using four tomato accessions of cherry and large fruit types with LNT tolerance and sensitivity grown in two greenhouses with night temperature set-points of 10 and 15°C for heating. LNT significantly reduced plant height regardless of fruit types and LNT tolerance. The number of flowers were significantly reduced in 10°C in cherry but not in large fruit types. Fruit set in 10°C was significantly lower in LNT sensitive accessions than tolerant ones regardless of fruit types, which was due to abnormal flower morphology in 10°C. Proline accumulation patterns between 10 and 15°C significantly differed between fruit types as well as between LNT tolerant and sensitive accessions. Chlorophyll content in 10 °C was significantly higher at later growth stages in LNT tolerant accessions than sensitive ones in both fruit types. No clear difference in photosynthetic parameters was observed between fruit types or tolerance and sensitive accessions except for photosynthetic rate, which was significantly lower in tolerant than sensitive accessions during early growing period. These results suggest that different tomato fruit types may have different mechanisms for LNT tolerance.

Pitting Corrosion of Biomedical Titanium and Titanium Alloys: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Cui ◽  
Liang-Yu Chen ◽  
Xin-Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract:: Thanks to their excellent corrosion resistance, superior mechanical properties and good biocompatibility, titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are extensively applied in biomedical fields. Pitting corrosion is a critical consideration for the reliability of Ti and Ti alloys used in the human body. Therefore, this article focuses on the pitting corrosion of Ti and Ti alloys, which introduces the growth stages of pitting corrosion and its main influencing factors. Three stages, i.e. (1) breakdown of passive film, (1) metastable pitting, and (3) propagation of pitting, are roughly divided to introduce the pitting corrosion. As reviewed, corrosive environment, applied potential, temperature and alloy compositions are the main factors affecting the pitting corrosion of Ti and Ti alloys. Moreover, the pitting corrosion of different types Ti alloys are also reviewed to correlate the types of Ti alloys and the main factors of pitting corrosion. Roughly speaking, β-type Ti alloys have the best pitting corrosion resistance among the three types of Ti alloys.

scholarly journals Different Drought Legacies of Rain-Fed and Irrigated Croplands in a Typical Russian Agricultural Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Yuanhuizi He ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Huicong Jia ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Valery G. Bondur
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Meteorological Droughts

Droughts are one of the primary natural disasters that affect agricultural economies, as well as the fire hazards of territories. Monitoring and researching droughts is of great importance for agricultural disaster prevention and reduction. The research significance of investigating the hysteresis of agricultural to meteorological droughts is to provide an important reference for agricultural drought monitoring and early warnings. Remote sensing drought monitoring indices can be employed for rapid and accurate drought monitoring at regional scales. In this paper, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices and the surface temperature product are used as the data sources. Calculating the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) and constructing a comprehensive drought disaster index (CDDI) based on the crop growth period allowed drought conditions and spatiotemporal evolution patterns in the Volgograd region in 2010 and 2012 to be effectively monitored. The causes of the drought were then analyzed based on the sensitivity of a drought to meteorological factors in rain-fed and irrigated lands. Finally, the lag time of agricultural to meteorological droughts and the hysteresis in different growth periods were analyzed using statistical analyses. The research shows that (1) the main drought patterns in 2010 were spring droughts from April to May and summer droughts from June to August, and the primary drought patterns in 2012 were spring droughts from April to June, with an affected area that reached 3.33% during the growth period; (2) local drought conditions are dominated by the average surface temperature factor. Rain-fed lands are sensitive to the temperature and are therefore prone to summer droughts. Irrigated lands are more sensitive to water shortages in the spring and less sensitive to extremely high temperature conditions; (3) there is a certain lag between meteorological and agricultural droughts during the different growth stages. The strongest lag relationship was found in the planting stage and the weakest one was found in the dormancy stage. Therefore, the meteorological drought index in the growth period has a better predictive ability for agricultural droughts during the appropriately selected growth stages.

scholarly journals Development of a Raspberry Pi-Based Sensor System for Automated In-Field Monitoring to Support Crop Breeding Programs

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Worasit Sangjan ◽  
Arron H. Carter ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
Vadim Jitkov ◽  
Sindhuja Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs

Sensor applications for plant phenotyping can advance and strengthen crop breeding programs. One of the powerful sensing options is the automated sensor system, which can be customized and applied for plant science research. The system can provide high spatial and temporal resolution data to delineate crop interaction with weather changes in a diverse environment. Such a system can be integrated with the internet to enable the internet of things (IoT)-based sensor system development for real-time crop monitoring and management. In this study, the Raspberry Pi-based sensor (imaging) system was fabricated and integrated with a microclimate sensor to evaluate crop growth in a spring wheat breeding trial for automated phenotyping applications. Such an in-field sensor system will increase the reproducibility of measurements and improve the selection efficiency by investigating dynamic crop responses as well as identifying key growth stages (e.g., heading), assisting in the development of high-performing crop varieties. In the low-cost system developed here-in, a Raspberry Pi computer and multiple cameras (RGB and multispectral) were the main components. The system was programmed to automatically capture and manage the crop image data at user-defined time points throughout the season. The acquired images were suitable for extracting quantifiable plant traits, and the images were automatically processed through a Python script (an open-source programming language) to extract vegetation indices, representing crop growth and overall health. Ongoing efforts are conducted towards integrating the sensor system for real-time data monitoring via the internet that will allow plant breeders to monitor multiple trials for timely crop management and decision making.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH IN BARLEY. I. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PENETRANCE AND EXPRESSIVITY OF GENE(S) CONDITIONING HOST RESISTANCE

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Level

Variability in the host-reaction of barley to infection by Drechslera teres was examined in the parents and progeny of selected crosses under different environmental conditions of testing.The Ethiopian variety C.I. 5791 exhibits a consistently high level of resistance under a range of environmental conditions, which is in contrast to the Manchurian variety C.I. 2330. The sensitivity of the genes for resistance possessed by these varieties to environmental modifications is considered to depend upon their respective genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, variability of host reaction in the progeny of these resistant varieties was shown to be influenced by the genetic background of the susceptible parent used.The implications of these findings in the conduct and interpretation of genetic studies and in backcross breeding programs is discussed.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus fructivorans Spoilage of Tomato Ketchup

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. JOHANNA BJORKROTH ◽  
HANNU J. KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Tomato Ketchup ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Spoilage characterized by bulging as a result of gas formation in bottled ketchup was studied, Samples produced microbial growth on MRS and Rogosa selective Lactobacillus agar. Seventy randomly selected isolates typed by using restriction endonuclease (ClaI, EcoRI, HindIII) analysis were found to have identical DNA fragment patterns in gel electrophoresis. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus fructivorans using morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, combined with the information obtained from ribotyping. Factors affecting growth and survival of this L. fructivorans strain in ketchup production were also studied. An L. fructivorans count of 105 CFU/g resulted in spoilage of inoculated ketchup samples. Spoilage occurred only in samples incubated at 15 to 30°C. The L. fructivorans implicated in causing spoilage demonstrated heat resistance with a D value of 1.2 min at 65°C. The strain did not show resistance to alkaline active chloride-containing detergent sanitizer; alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride-containing sanitizer were also found to be effective antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Crop Mapping in the Sanjiang Plain Using an Improved Object-Oriented Method Based on Google Earth Engine and Combined Growth Period Attributes

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Mengyao Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Hongxia Luo ◽  
Songwei Gu ◽  
Zili Qin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Growth Method

In recent years, the scale of rural land transfer has gradually expanded, and the phenomenon of non-grain-oriented cultivated land has emerged. Obtaining crop planting information is of the utmost importance to guaranteeing national food security; however, the acquisition of the spatial distribution of crops in large-scale areas often has the disadvantages of excessive calculation and low accuracy. Therefore, the IO-Growth method, which takes the growth stage every 10 days as the index and combines the spectral features of crops to refine the effective interval of conventional wavebands for object-oriented classification, was proposed. The results were as follows: (1) the IO-Growth method obtained classification results with an overall accuracy and F1 score of 0.92, and both values increased by 6.98% compared to the method applied without growth stages; (2) the IO-Growth method reduced 288 features to only 5 features, namely Sentinel-2: Red Edge1, normalized difference vegetation index, Red, short-wave infrared2, and Aerosols, on the 261st to 270th days, which greatly improved the utilization rate of the wavebands; (3) the rise of geographic data processing platforms makes it simple to complete computations with massive data in a short time. The results showed that the IO-Growth method is suitable for large-scale vegetation mapping.

scholarly journals Effect of the Boron Concentration in Irrigation Water on the Elemental Composition of Edible Parts of Tomato, Green Bean, Potato, and Cabbage Grown on Soils With Different Textures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Rékási ◽  
Péter Ragályi ◽  
Anna Füzy ◽  
Nikolett Uzinger ◽  
Péter Dobosy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Edible Parts

The most important environmental source of boron (B) contamination is irrigation water. The data on the effect of B on the elemental composition in the edible parts of vegetables are scarce. A greenhouse pot experiment investigated the effect of irrigation water containing 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L B on the biomass, elemental (e.g., B, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn) composition, and photosynthetic parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) plants grown on 10 kg of sand, silty sand, or silty soil. The biomass of the edible part was unaffected by B treatment. The soil type determined the effect of B irrigation on the elemental composition of vegetables. The B content increased by 19% in tomatoes grown on silty soil. The 0.1 mg/L B treatment facilitated tomato fruit ripening on all soils, and the 0.5 mg/L B treatment doubled its chlorophyll content index (CCI) on silty soil. The 0.5 mg/L B treatment negatively affected the nutritional value of green beans on all soils, decreasing the Fe and K contents by an average of 83 and 34%, respectively. The elemental composition of potato was unaffected by the treatments, but the CCI of potato leaves increased in the 0.5 mg/L B treatment by 26%. The B content was increased by 39% in cabbages grown on light-textured soils. In conclusion, B concentration of up to 0.5 mg/L in irrigation water had no significant beneficial or adverse effect on the investigated vegetables, but 0.1 mg/L B treatment could shorten tomato fruit maturation time on B-poor soils. The B levels in vegetables remained suitable for human consumption.

scholarly journals Silicon-Mediated Enhancement of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Rice at Different Growth Stages

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huang ◽  
Xiao-Hui Wen ◽  
Yi-Xia Cai ◽  
Kun-Zheng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Zn Toxicity ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Silicon (Si) plays important roles in alleviating heavy metal stress in rice plants. Here we investigated the physiological response of rice at different growth stages under the silicon-induced mitigation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) toxicity. Si treatment increased the dry weight of shoots and roots and reduced the Cd and Zn concentrations in roots, stems, leaves and grains. Under the stress of exposure to Cd and Zn, photosynthetic parameters including the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased, while the membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased under heavy metals stress, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities decreased. The magnitude of these Cd- and Zn-induced changes was mitigated by Si-addition at different growth stages. The available Cd concentration increased in the soil but significantly decreased in the shoots, which suggested that Si treatment prevents Cd accumulation through internal mechanisms by limiting Cd2+ uptake by the roots. Overall, the phenomena of Si-mediated alleviation of Cd and excess Zn toxicity in two rice cultivars could be due to the limitation of metal uptake and transport, resulting in an improvement in cell membrane integrity, photosynthetic performance and anti-oxidative enzyme activities after Si treatment.

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