Phenotyping of field-grown wheat in the UK highlights contribution of light response of photosynthesis and flag leaf longevity to grain yield

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component traits was made in 40 genotypes of riceduring kharif 2011-2012 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 13 traits under study.The genotypes namely CN 1446-5-8-17-1-MLD4 and CR 2706 recorded highest mean performance for panicles per hill and grain yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variances (VG and VP) were recorded for spikelets per panicle (3595.78 and 3642.41) followed by biological yield (355.72 and 360.62) and plant height (231.48 and 234.35).High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, flag leaf length, panicles per hill, tillers per hill, days to maturity, spikelet’s per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, indicating that selection will be effective based on these traits because they were under the influence of additive and additive x additive type of gene action. Highest coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was recorded for tillers per hill (18.42% and 17.23%), panicle per hill (19.76 % and 18.68%), spikelet’s per panicle (34.30 and34.07 %), biological yield (28.31 % and 28.12 %), 1000 grain weight (15.57 % and 15 31 %) and grain yield (46.66% and 23.54 %), indicating that these traits are under the major influence of genetic control, therefore the above mentioned traits contributed maximum to higher grain yield compared to other traits, indicating grain yield improvement through the associated traits.

Download Full-text

Effect of leaf spotting diseases on grain yield and seed traits of wheat in southern Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p01-128 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 507-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H. Wang ◽

M. R. Fernandez ◽

F. R. Clarke ◽

R. M. DePauw ◽

J. M. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Test Weight ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Seed Traits ◽

Grain Protein Concentration ◽

Leaf Emergence ◽

Weight Test

Although leaf spotting diseases have been reported to have a negative effect on grain yield and seed characteristics of wheat (Triticum spp.), the magnitude of such effects on wheat grown on dryland in southern Saskatchewan is not known. A fungicide experiment was conducted at Swift Current (Brown soil) and Indian Head (Black soil) from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effect of leaf spotting diseases on yield and seed traits of wheat. Two fungicides, Folicur 3.6F and Bravo 500, were applied at different growth stages on three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) genotypes. Fungicide treatments generally did not affect yield, kernel weight, test weight or grain protein concentration, and these effects were relatively consistent among genotypes. Folicur applied at head emergence in 1997 and at flag leaf emergence and/or head emergence in 1998 increased yield at Indian Head (P < 0.05). Fungicides applied at and before flag leaf emergence tended to increase kernel weight. Grain protein concentration increased only in treatments of Bravo applications at Indian Head in 1998. These results suggested that under the dryland environment and management in southern Saskatchewan leaf spotting diseases generally have a small effect on yield, kernel weight, test weight and protein concentration. Key words: Wheat, leaf spotting diseases, fungicide, yield

Download Full-text

Correlation and path analysis of yield and its components and plant traits in wheat

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782004000600006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1701-1708 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Lauro Akio Okuyama ◽

Luiz Carlos Federizzi ◽

José Fernandes Barbosa Neto

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Plant Traits ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Phenotypic Correlation ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Correlation And Path Analysis ◽

Positive Direct

This study was aimed to characterize yield components and plant traits related to grain yield. Correlation and path analysis were carried out in wheat genotypes grown under irrigated and non-irrigated field conditions. In the path coefficient analysis, grain yield represented the dependent variable and the number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1, kernel weight, days to anthesis, above-ground biomass m-2 and plant height were the independent ones. In both years, periods without rain occurred from early milk to grain ripening and from flag leaf sheath opening to grain ripening for first and second sowing dates, respectively. Character associations were similar in both water regimes. Grain yield showed positive phenotypic correlation with above-ground biomass, number of spikes m-2 and number of grains per spike. Path analysis revealed positive direct effect and moderate correlation of number of spike m-2 and number of grains per spike with grain yield. These results indicated that the number of spikes m-2 and the number of grains per spike followed by the above-ground biomass were the traits related to higher grain yield, under irrigated and late season water stress conditions.

Download Full-text

Characterisation of grain yield and nitrogen level in relation to flag leaf senescence of wheat varieties

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb05958.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 503-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

I. Ma. Martin del Molino ◽

M. Ulloa ◽

R. Martinez-Carrasco ◽

P. Perez

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Wheat Varieties

Download Full-text

Effect of Heat Stress on Inter-relationship of Physiological and Biochemical Traits with Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i1930786 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-29

Author(s):

Amrita Kumari ◽

R. D. Ranjan ◽

Chandan Roy ◽

Awadesh Kumar Pal ◽

S. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Biochemical Traits ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Complex Phenomena ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Heat stress, particularly the stress appears at the time of flowering to grain filling stages causing severe yield loss in wheat. Heat tolerance is complex phenomena that include adjustment in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits of the crop. Present investigation was carried out to understand the effect of terminal heat stress on different traits of wheat. The experiment was conducted in three dates of sowing as timely sown, late sown and very late sown to expose the crop to heat stress at later stages of the crop growth. Significant genetic variations for all the traits evaluated under three conditions indicated the presence of variability for the traits. Trait association analysis revealed that flag leaf chlorophyll content and MSI at seedling stage; MDA at reproductive stage had direct relationship with grain yield. While under very late sown condition MDA and RWC at seedling stages were found to be highly correlated with grain yield. It indicates that MDA, RWC at seedling stage and days to booting, days to milking plays important role in very late sown condition that can be used as selection criteria in breeding programme.

Download Full-text

Management of Leaf Blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) Disease of Wheat with Cultural Practices

Nepal Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.3126/narj.v7i0.1870 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

PCP Chaurasia ◽

E Duveiller

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Thousand Kernel Weight ◽

Leaf Infection ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Late Sowing

An experiment was conducted at agronomy farm of Agriculture research Station, Tarahara,Nepal for three consecutive years viz 2000/2001,2001/2002, and 2002/2003 to evaluate theeffects of different cultural practices on leaf blight diseases of wheat caused by Bipolarissorokiniana under terai conditions. The experiment was conducted in factorial RandomizedComplete Block Design with four replications. Four factors, two wheat verities RR-21 andNepal 297,two number of irrigations (two and three irrigations), two doses of Nitrogen fertilizerviz. 60kg N/ha and 120 kg N/ha and two dates of sowing of wheat were examined. Differentyield components, grain yield (kg/plot) and disease severity were recorded to judge the effects ofthese factors on severity of leaf blight of wheat. Nepal Line 297 had significantly less AUDPCbased on flag leaf infection and whole plan as compared to RR-21. Number of irrigations had nosignificant effect on AUDPC, as there was frequent rain during experimental period. Doses ofNitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on AUDPC based on flag leaf infection. It was higher incase of 60 kg N/ha. The third week of November sowing of wheat had lower value of AUDPCas compared to December sowing. Plant height, panicle lengths were highly significantly higherin case of RR-21 as compared to Nepal-297. Thousand kernel weight, and grain yield kg/ha weresignificantly higher in Nepal-297. All agronomic parameters except thousand kernel weight andnumber of tillers/plan were significantly higher in 120kg N/ha. The third week of Novembersowing of wheat had less plant height and panicle length, higher thousand kernel weight andmore grain yield. Leaf blight severity was highly significantly less in case of Nepal-297. Dosesof Nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on plant height, panicle length, thousand kernelweight, percentage flag leaf infection and AUDPC based on flag leaf infection. Based on theresults of three years of experimentations, it can be concluded that Nepal-297 had less disease,number of irrigations had no effect on disease severity, higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer hadless flag infection and late sowing of wheat also had less disease. Numbers of irrigation's effectswere inconclusive as there were frequent rains during experimentation period. Based on aboveconclusion, it is recommended that growing wheat verity like Nepal-297, use of higher doses ofnitrogen fertilizer and sowing of wheat / first week of Dec help in minimizing the severity of leafblight. However late sowing had lowered grain yield.Key words: AUDPC; culture practices; disease management; leaf blightDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1870Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.63-69

Download Full-text

Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 9131-9141

Author(s):

Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽

Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽

Hamenna Bouzerzour

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Research Unit ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Wide Range ◽

Wheat Lines ◽

Selection Of

This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.

Download Full-text

Genetic variability, character association and diversity analyses for economic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v10i2.18326 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 83-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N Pratap ◽

PK Singh ◽

R Shekhar ◽

SK Soni ◽

AK Mall

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Selection Strategy ◽

Economic Traits ◽

Character Association ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Biological Yield ◽

High Yielding Varieties

One hundred high yielding rice genotypes were evaluated to determine character association, variability and diversity for grain yield, yield components and quality characters. High estimates of heritability, genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for panicle hill-1, flag leaf area and grain yield hill-1. Majority of the traits showed significant and positive associations between yield and yield components like biological yield hill-1 followed by harvest-index as most important traits which need due consideration at the time of devising selection strategy. Thus, presence of several contrasting types of inter-relationships simultaneously would bring improvement in others due to correlated responses. Path analysis might have resulted into cancellation of contrasting associations by each other which ultimately lead to lowering of the net impact. This suggested that selection would be quite efficient in improving yield and yield components in context of germplasm evaluated. The crossing between superior genotypes of above diverse cluster pairs may provide desirable transgressive segregants for developing high yielding varieties of aromatic and non-aromatic rice. Thus, hybridization of Swarna of cluster XI with promising genotypes of cluster VI (Narendra 118, Vandana, Narendra 1, Akashi and Narendra 97) is recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v10i2.18326 SAARC J. Agri., 10(2): 83-94 (2012)

Download Full-text

Growth and the distribution of phosphorus in wheat developed under various phosphorus and temperature regimes

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9860459 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 459 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

GD Batten ◽

IF Wardlaw ◽

MJ Aston

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Standard Condition ◽

Growth Period ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Floral Initiation ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

P Deficiency ◽

P Supply

Experiments were designed to examine the effect of the level and duration of application of phosphorus (P) on yield in wheat and the effect of growth conditions prior to anthesis on the utilisation of P taken up during the early stages of development. In the first experiment, wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Kite) was grown in sand and supplied with a complete nutrient solution containing either 1 mM phosphate or 0.25 mM phosphate. The supply of P was maintained until grain maturity, or stopped at different stages of development (floral initiation, flag leaf emergence, anthesis). The increase in total plant dry matter over this period ranged from 8.8 to 17.6 g/plant, with the 1.0 mM P supply and from 4.1 to 9.5 g/plant with the 0.25 mM P supply. Supply of P beyond anthesis resulted in more tiller dry matter and increased the P content of the grain, but did not increase grain yield at either level. With 1 mM P to maturity, up to 21% P of the grain P could be attributed to retranslocation of P within the plant after anthesis. With 0.25 mM P to floral initiation, 58% of the grain P could be attributed to such retranslocation. In a second experiment plants (cv. Kite) were grown initially at 18/13�C with 0.25 mM P until floral initiation and thereafter with a P-free solution until maturity. Between floral initiation and anthesis plants were placed in six dayhight temperatures, extending (in 3�C steps) from 15/10�C to 30/25OC, and then returned to the standard condition of 18/13�C. Higher pre-anthesis temperatures reduced the pre-anthesis growth period and the plant height, but increased the leaf phosphorus concentration and uptake of phosphorus per plant in both the pre- and post-anthesis periods. Net CO2 exchange indicated that leaf senescence in P-deficient plants was closely associated with the export of nitrogen as well as the export of P. Grain P increased from 0.15% to 0.3% when the preanthesis temperature was increased from 15/10 to 30/25�C, although grain yield per main culm did not vary greatly. These findings highlight the importance of environmental conditions in determining the level of P deficiency in wheat, and show that grain yield is not limited by the amount of P in the grain.

Download Full-text