Part VII Steps Following the Adoption of a Commission Decision, 17 Publication of Antitrust Decisions and Other Documents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heegde Annemarie ter ◽  
Todorova-Milanova Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
Access To Documents

This chapter describes the legal basis for and the scope of the publication of Commission antitrust decisions as well as the procedure for preparing a public version of a decision. Publishing the Commission’s antitrust decisions is particularly important. In addition to informing the public of the Commission’s work, it has the specific purpose of deterring antitrust violations by exposing the wrongdoing of the infringers to the public, informing economic operators of what type of behaviour may be considered violation of antitrust rules and enabling victims of antitrust infringements to seek compensation for the damages suffered. Regulation 1/2003 lists the antitrust decisions the main content of which the Commission is obliged to publish. Beyond this, however, and within the limits of the duty of professional secrecy, the Commission enjoys broad discretion to make available to the public as much information as possible. The preparation of a public version of a decision, similarly to preparing access to the file and to granting access to documents pursuant to Regulation 1049/2001, requires determination of what information is confidential.

Determination of Optimal Public Transportation Routes Using Firefly and Tabu Search Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-891
Author(s):  
Salwa Salsabila Mansur ◽  
Sri Widowati ◽  
Mahmud Imrona
Keyword(s):  
Tabu Search ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Congestion Problems ◽  
Transportation Routes

Traffic congestion problems generally caused by the increasing use of private vehicles and public transportations. In order to overcome the situation, the optimization of public transportation’s route is required particularly the urban transportation. In this research, the performance analysis of Firefly and Tabu Search algorithm is conducted to optimize eleven public transportation’s routes in Bandung. This optimization aims to increase the dispersion of public transportation’s route by expanding the scope of route that are crossed by public transportation so that it can reach the entire Bandung city and increase the driver’s income by providing the passengers easier access to public transportations in order to get to their destinations. The optimal route is represented by the route with most roads and highest number of incomes. In this research, the comparison results between the reference route and the public transportation’s optimized route increasing the dispersion of public transportation’s route to 60,58% and increasing the driver’s income to 20,03%.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Upward (Im)mobility and Political Support of Public Education Spending

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Di Gioacchino ◽  
Laura Sabani ◽  
Stefano Usai
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
The Public ◽  
Education Decisions ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Public Education Spending ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractThis paper provides a simple model of hierarchical education to study the political determination of public education spending and its allocation between different tiers of education. The model integrates private education decisions by allowing parents, who are differentiated according to income and human capital, to top up public expenditures with private transfers. We identify four groups of households with conflicting preferences over the the size of the public education budget and its allocation. In equilibrium, public education budget, private expenditures and expenditure allocation among different tiers of education, depend on which group of households is in power and on country-specific features such as income inequality and intergenerational persistence in education. By running a cluster analysis on 32 OECD countries, we seek to establish if distinctive ‘education regimes’, akin to those identified in the theoretical analysis, could be discerned. Our main finding is that a high intergenerational persistence in education might foster the establishment of education regimes in which the size and the allocation of the public budget among different tiers of education prevent a stable and significant increase of the population graduation rate, thus plunging the country in a ‘low education’ trap.

Molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from an Iranian teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Talebzadeh ◽  
Hamid Mellali ◽  
hamid solgi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
The Public ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Clonal Distribution ◽  
Cross Transmission

Abstract Background The spread of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia is a serious threat to the public health. We investigated the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae isolated at a teaching hospital in Iran. Methods A total of 50 third-generation cephalosporins resistant K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients’ clinical cultures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and determination of MIC values for ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were performed. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to assess the presence of ESBL genes (blaCTX−M, blaTEM, blaSHV) and PMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, oqxA, oqxB and aac(6)-Ib-cr). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on the strains to assess homology. Results Our results showed that the rates of resistance to all of antibiotics is high. All 50 K. pneumoniae strains harboured at least one of the ESBL resistance determinants. The blaCTX−M−15 gene was the major ESBLs determinant found in K. pneumoniae (88%; 44/50). PMQR was detected in 96% of the isolates and aac(6′)-Ib-cr was the most common (78% 39/50) followed by oqxA 36 (72%), oqxB 34 (68%), qnrS 20 (40%), qnrB 14 (28%) and qepA 1 (2%). MLST identified seven sequence types (STs), with the most common being ST11 (19/39). There was a strong association between PMQR genes (especially aac(6′)-Ib-cr) and ESBL genes. Conclusion The widespread detection of ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae that co-carried PMQR determinants has become a threat to the treatment of infections in Isfahan Province of center Iran. Our findings suggest that K. pneumoniae ST11 and ST893 has a clonal distribution in our hospital. Therefore, this study highlighted the crucial need for implementing strict control measures to prevent cross transmission of these endemic clones.

scholarly journals The Request for Postponement of the Blashphemy Case Criminal Charge Reading by Police and Prosecutors

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Mohd Andalusia Masri ◽  
Dahlan Ali ◽  
Darmawan Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
District Court ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Police Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The North ◽  
Criminal Charge

This research aims to evaluate the police's request to postpone the criminal charge reading of the blasphemy case at the North Jakarta District Court, which was not based on Indonesia's positive law. The request to postpone a trial by the police without a legal basis could be considered a form of police intervention against the trial process, which has legal criminal consequences based on Article 3 Paragraph 2 and 3 of Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power. Meanwhile, the request for a two-week trial postponement by the public prosecutors due to their inability to complete the criminal indictment, as well as considering the request from the police, has created an impression that the public prosecutors have complied with the request of the police. It also injured public trust that demanded a fair and transparent law enforcement process.

scholarly journals Kontribusi Marketing Syariah dan Citra Lembaga Dalam Mempengaruhi Keputusan Nasabah Menabung

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Nur Anim Jauhariyah ◽  
Kiki Fitria ◽  
Mahmudah Mahmudah
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Institutional Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
Simultaneous Influence

The purpose of this study 1) Knowing the influence of sharia marketing (X1) on customer decisions (Y) saving; 2) Determine the magnitude of the influence of the image of the institution (X2) on the customer's decision (Y) to save; 3) Knowing the simultaneous influence between sharia marketing (X1) and institutional image (X2) on Customer Decision (Y) saving. In this study using a quantitative approach to the type of survey research. Determination of the research sample using simple random sampling technique with 30 respondents. Research conclusions 1) Sharia marketing Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Genteng Banyuwangi Regency is one of the factors that influence customers' decision to save. The better the marketing of sharia is carried out, the more interested the public will be in saving at Syariah Syariah Bank KC Genteng Banyuwangi Regency; 2) the image of the institution of Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Genteng Banyuwangi Regency is one of the factors that influence the interests of customers to save. The better the image in the minds of the public, the more interested people will be saving at the Syariah Mandiri Bank KC Genteng Banyuwangi Regency; 3) sharia marketing (X1) and institutional image (X2) are the dominant variables on customer decisions (Y) saving at Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Genteng Banyuwangi Regency.

scholarly journals Budaya Mutu Dalam Pelayanan Pendidikan

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Based ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Fair Wages ◽  
Quality In Education

Educational services in schools is part of the community and the public school. Service quality is a product and or services in accordance with established quality standards and customer satisfaction. Quality in education include the quality of input, process, output, and outcome. Input-grade education when it is ready to proceed otherwise. The process of quality education to create an atmosphere where learning is active, innovative, creative, effective, dan fun. Output otherwise qualified if the learning outcomes of academic and non academic students achieving at least equal to the minimum completeness criteria specified. Outcome graduates expressed significantly faster when absorbed in the world of work, fair wages, all parties acknowledge and satisfied with the intelligence, skill, personality. Government's efforts to service and quality of education is the use of School-Based Management (SBM) is accompanied by the determination of output criteria, processes, and educational input at school. Expected Output school student achievement / school both academic and non academic generated meets the specified criteria. (2) process, ie, among others: the effectiveness of teaching and learning process, schools have the teamwork of a compact, intelligent and dynamic, the school has the authority (autonomy), school evaluation and continuous improvement, (3) input, ie, among other : the school has: policies, goals, and quality objectives are clear, available resources, feasible, and highly dedicated.Pelayanan pendidikan di sekolah adalah bagian dari masyarakat dan sekolah umum. Kualitas layanan adalah produk dan atau jasa sesuai dengan standar kualitas yang ditetapkan dan kepuasan pelanggan. Kualitas dalam pendidikan termasuk kualitas input, proses, output, dan hasil. Input-kelas pendidikan bila sudah siap untuk melanjutkan sebaliknya. Proses pendidikan yang berkualitas untuk menciptakan suasana di mana pembelajaran aktif, inovatif, kreatif, efektif, menyenangkan Dan. Keluaran dinyatakan memenuhi syarat jika hasil belajar siswa akademik dan non akademik mencapai paling tidak sama dengan kriteria kelengkapan minimal yang ditetapkan. Lulusan Hasil mengungkapkan secara signifikan lebih cepat ketika diserap di dunia kerja, upah yang adil, semua pihak mengakui dan puas dengan, keterampilan kepribadian kecerdasan,. Upaya Pemerintah untuk pelayanan dan kualitas pendidikan adalah penggunaan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS) disertai dengan penentuan kriteria output, proses, dan input pendidikan di sekolah. Keluaran sekolah diharapkan prestasi siswa / sekolah dihasilkan akademik baik akademis dan non memenuhi kriteria yang ditentukan. (2) proses, yaitu, antara lain: efektivitas proses belajar mengajar, sekolah memiliki teamwork yang kompak, cerdas dan dinamis, sekolah memiliki kewenangan (otonomi), evaluasi sekolah dan perbaikan terus-menerus, (3) input, yaitu, antara lain: sekolah memiliki: kebijakan, tujuan, dan sasaran mutu yang jelas, sumber daya yang tersedia, layak, dan berdedikasi tinggi.

scholarly journals Analisis Yurisdis Perlindungan Hukum Nasabah Bank terhadap Kerahasiaan Bank di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
Zulfi Diane Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Public Confidence ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Abuse ◽  
Bank Secrecy ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Special Rule

In order to avoid financial abuse, the customer made a special rule that prohibits banks to provide recorded information to anyone related to finance customers, deposits and its depositors except in certain cases mentioned explicitly in in the Banking Act. Based on such matters, the issues to be studied in this research is how the bank's efforts in maintaining the security of bank secrecy. Based on the research results revealed that public confidence on banking institutions to grow and thrive because in the presence of an element of the institution in the form of bank secrecy. Bank secrecy is everything related to finances and other things from the customer's bank in the ordinary course of banking should not be publicly disclosed to the public. The Banking Act Number 10 of Year 1998 has required the application of bank secrecy for the sake of maintaining public confidence in the banking institutions. But in practice it is still difficult to implement because there is no uniformity in the determination of categories including bank secrecy

scholarly journals TEMPORARY ACCESS TO DOCUMENTS CONTAINING MEDICAL CONFIDENTIALITY (CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL ASPECT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1032-1036
Author(s):  
Serhii Ye. Ablamskyi ◽  
Vitalii V. Romaniuk ◽  
Ruslan P. Chycha ◽  
Viktoriia V. Ablamska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Medical Confidentiality ◽  
The Future ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation ◽  
Access To Documents ◽  
Procedural Aspect

The aim of the study: 1) to determine the features of temporary access to documents containing information that may be a medical confidentiality; 2) to identify legislative gaps regarding the regulation of the measure of criminal proceedings; 3) to formulate proposals for improvement of legislation in the part of the investigated issue. Materials and methods: The legal basis for the protection of information that may be a medical confidentiality is provided. Legislative provisions have been identified and analyzed, which provide for particulars of access to documents containing information that may be a medical confidentiality. It is argued that the evidence collected in violation of the procedural order of the measure of criminal proceedings is inadmissible and therefore cannot be taken into account by the court in the future. Writing the article, the authors used both general and special methods of scientific knowledge, namely: formal-legal, formal-logical, comparative analysis and logical-normative. The complex application of these methods has made it possible to formulate science-based conclusions and proposals. Conclusions: Exemption of documents containing information that may constitute medical confidentiality should be done exclusively by temporary access to them. In order to eliminate the legislative gaps of the investigated issue, it is proposed to amend the current legislation accordingly.

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